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Araṇya Kāṇḍa, sarga 15: Rāma’s winter bath in the Godāvarī
Summary. Lakṣmaṇa describes cold water and imagines Bharata’s Sarayū bath, Rāma bathes with Sītā & Lakṣmaṇa and offers water
Sequence
- At the close of autumn, early winter begins while Rāma is living at Pañcavaṭī (3.15.1)
- one morning, as night gives way to dawn, he sets out to bathe in the Godāvarī → Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa follow, Lakṣmaṇa carrying a water pot (3.15.2–3)
- Lakṣmaṇa remarks that Rāma's favorite season has arrived: frost roughens the world, crops cover the earth, water is no longer pleasant to enter, and the warmth of a fire is welcome (3.15.4–5)
- he describes āgrayaṇa (new-harvest offerings) to the pitṛs and devatās, plentiful dairy produce in the countryside, and Kings setting out on campaigns. (3.15.6–7)
- Lakṣmaṇa describes the sun’s southward course and the snowy Himālaya (3.15.8–9)
- midday sunshine is pleasant, but shade and water are unwelcome; the nights grow longer and colder, and people stop sleeping outdoors (3.15.10–12)
- frost dims the moon like breath clouding a mirror and makes the west wind doubly cold (3.15.13–15)
- mist veils the woods and grain fields, cranes call, and ripe rice bends beneath its golden grain (3.15.16–17)
- the pale morning sun gives little warmth; dew wets the grass, and flowerless trees seem asleep (3.15.18–21)
- fog hides the river birds, leaving only their calls; frost wets the banks, makes water on the treetops pleasant to taste, and shatters the lotuses, leaving bare stalks. (3.15.22–24)
- The cold turns Lakṣmaṇa's thoughts to Bharata, who has renounced Kingship and comfort, eats sparingly, and sleeps on the cold ground out of devotion to Rāma (3.15.25–26)
- he imagines Bharata setting out with his ministers for the Sarayū at this very hour → remembering how delicately Bharata was raised, he wonders how he can bear plunging into the river in the bitter cold before dawn (3.15.27–28)
- he praises Bharata's gentleness, self-restraint, and wholehearted adoption of his brother's life of tapas (3.15.29–31)
- he says Bharata disproves the saying that a son takes after his mother, then wonders how Kaikeyī could be so cruel with Daśaratha as her husband and Bharata as her son (3.15.32–33)
- Rāma stops him from blaming Kaikeyī and asks him to speak only of Bharata → he says that although his commitment to the forest vow remains firm, longing for Bharata makes his heart childlike again (3.15.34–36)
- they reach the Godāvarī and bathe → they perform water-tarpaṇa for the pitṛs and daivatas, then praise the risen Sūrya and the devatās (3.15.37–38)
- after bathing, Rāma shines beside Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa like Rudra after his bath, accompanied by the mountain-King's daughter, Pārvatī, and Nandin. (3.15.39)
Verses 3.15.1–39
3.15.1
vasatas tasya tu mukhaṃ rāghavasya mahātmanaḥ
śaradvyapāye hemanta ṛtur iṣṭaḥ pravartate
As the great-souled Rāghava was dwelling there, at the close of autumn the pleasant season of early winter set in — its very onset.
Words: vasatas — as he was dwelling; tasya — of him; tu — and; mukhaṃ — the beginning, onset; rāghavasya — of Rāghava; mahātmanaḥ — the great-souled; śaradvyapāye — at the close of autumn; hemanta — the early-winter (season); ṛtur — the season; iṣṭaḥ — desired, pleasant; pravartate — set in, came on
3.15.2
sa kadā cit prabhātāyāṃ śarvaryāṃ raghunandanaḥ
prayayāv abhiṣekārthaṃ ramyaṃ godāvarīṃ nadīm
Once, when the night had brightened into dawn, that delight of the Raghus set out to bathe in the lovely Godāvarī river.
Words: sa — he; kadā cit — once, at a certain time; prabhātāyāṃ — having brightened into dawn; śarvaryāṃ — when the night; raghunandanaḥ — the delight of the Raghus; prayayāv — set out; abhiṣekārthaṃ — for the purpose of bathing; ramyaṃ — lovely; godāvarīṃ — Godāvarī; nadīm — river
3.15.3
prahvaḥ kalaśahastas taṃ sītayā saha vīryavān
pṛṣṭhato 'nuvrajan bhrātā saumitrir idam abravīt
Bowing respectfully, water-pot in hand, the valiant brother Saumitri, walking behind him along with Sītā, spoke these words to him:
Words: prahvaḥ — bowing, deferential; kalaśahastas — with a water-pot in hand; taṃ — to him; sītayā saha — together with Sītā; vīryavān — the valiant one; pṛṣṭhato — behind; 'nuvrajan — following, walking after; bhrātā — the brother; saumitrir — Saumitri (son of Sumitrā); idam — this; abravīt — spoke
3.15.4
ayaṃ sa kālaḥ saṃprāptaḥ priyo yas te priyaṃvada
alaṃkṛta ivābhāti yena saṃvatsaraḥ śubhaḥ
“O sweet-spoken one, this dear season has now arrived — the one you love — by which the auspicious year shines as though adorned.
Words: ayaṃ — this; sa — that; kālaḥ — time, season; saṃprāptaḥ — has arrived; priyo — dear; yas — which; te — to you; priyaṃvada — O sweet-spoken one; alaṃkṛta — adorned; ivābhāti — shines as though; yena — by which; saṃvatsaraḥ — the year; śubhaḥ — auspicious, fair
3.15.5
nīhāraparuṣo lokaḥ pṛṣhivī sasyamālinī
jalāny anupabhogyāni subhago havyavāhanaḥ
The world is rough with frost, the earth is garlanded with crops, the waters are no longer fit to enjoy, and fire has become a welcome delight.
Words: nīhāraparuṣo — rough with frost, harsh with mist; lokaḥ — the world; pṛṣhivī — the earth; sasyamālinī — garlanded with crops; jalāny — the waters; anupabhogyāni — not to be enjoyed, unfit for use; subhago — delightful, welcome; havyavāhanaḥ — fire (the bearer of oblations)
3.15.6
navāgrayaṇa pūjābhir abhyarcya pitṛdevatāḥ
kṛtāgrayaṇakāḥ kāle santo vigatakalmaṣāḥ
Having worshipped the ancestral deities with offerings of the new first-fruits, the virtuous, at the proper time, having performed the first-fruits rite, are freed of sin.
Words: navāgrayaṇa — of the new first-fruits (harvest oblation); pūjābhir — with worship-offerings; abhyarcya — having worshipped; pitṛdevatāḥ — the ancestral deities; kṛtāgrayaṇakāḥ — those who have made the first-fruits offering; kāle — at the (proper) time; santo — the virtuous, good people; vigatakalmaṣāḥ — freed of sin, with impurity gone
3.15.7
prājyakāmā janapadāḥ saṃpannataragorasāḥ
vicaranti mahīpālā yātrārthaṃ vijigīṣavaḥ
The country districts are rich in their desires, abounding in fine milk-products; and the kings, eager for conquest, march out on campaign.
Words: prājyakāmā — abundant in their desires; janapadāḥ — the country districts, peoples; saṃpannataragorasāḥ — abounding in richer milk-products; vicaranti — move about, roam; mahīpālā — the kings (earth-protectors); yātrārthaṃ — for the sake of a (military) expedition; vijigīṣavaḥ — desirous of conquest
3.15.8
sevamāne dṛḍhaṃ sūrye diśam antakasevitām
vihīnatilakeva strī nottarā dik prakāśate
As the sun steadfastly resorts to the quarter frequented by Death (the south), the northern quarter, like a woman bereft of her forehead-mark, does not shine.
Words: sevamāne — as it resorts to; dṛḍhaṃ — firmly, steadfastly; sūrye — the sun; diśam — the quarter, direction; antakasevitām — frequented by Death (the south); vihīnatilakeva — like (a woman) deprived of her forehead-mark; strī — a woman; nottarā — not the northern; dik — quarter, direction; prakāśate — shines, appears bright
3.15.9
prakṛtyā himakośāḍhyo dūrasūryaś ca sāmpratam
yathārthanāmā suvyaktaṃ himavān himavān giriḥ
By nature rich in stores of snow, and now with the sun far off, the Himavat mountain — 'snow-possessing' — is very plainly true to its name.
Words: prakṛtyā — by nature; himakośāḍhyo — rich in stores of snow; dūrasūryaś — with the sun far away; ca — and; sāmpratam — now, at present; yathārthanāmā — true to its name; suvyaktaṃ — very clearly, plainly; himavān — 'possessing snow'; himavān — Himavat; giriḥ — the mountain
3.15.10
atyantasukhasaṃcārā madhyāhne sparśataḥ sukhāḥ
divasāḥ subhagādityāś chāyāsaliladurbhagāḥ
The days, exceedingly pleasant to move about in, agreeable to the touch at noon, with a delightful sun, make shade and water disagreeable.
Words: atyantasukhasaṃcārā — in which moving about is extremely pleasant; madhyāhne — at noon; sparśataḥ — to the touch; sukhāḥ — pleasant; divasāḥ — the days; subhagādityāś — having a delightful sun; chāyāsaliladurbhagāḥ — making shade and water disagreeable
3.15.11
mṛdusūryāḥ sanīhārāḥ paṭuśītāḥ samārutāḥ
śūnyāraṇyā himadhvastā divasā bhānti sāmpratam
With their mild sun, their mist, their sharp cold and their winds, their empty forests overwhelmed by frost, the days now gleam.
Words: mṛdusūryāḥ — with a mild sun; sanīhārāḥ — with mist, foggy; paṭuśītāḥ — with sharp cold; samārutāḥ — with winds; śūnyāraṇyā — with empty forests; himadhvastā — overwhelmed by frost; divasā — the days; bhānti — shine, appear; sāmpratam — now
3.15.12
nivṛttākāśaśayanāḥ puṣyanītā himāruṇāḥ
śītā vṛddhatarāyāmās triyāmā yānti sāmpratam
The nights, on which sleeping in the open has ceased, led on by the Puṣya constellation, reddened by frost, cold, and grown longer, now pass by.
Words: nivṛttākāśaśayanāḥ — on which sleeping in the open air has ceased; puṣyanītā — led on by the Puṣya (constellation); himāruṇāḥ — reddened by frost; śītā — cold; vṛddhatarāyāmās — of greatly increased length; triyāmā — the nights (of three watches); yānti — go, pass; sāmpratam — now
3.15.13
ravisaṃkrāntasaubhābyas tuṣārāruṇamaṇḍalaḥ
niḥśvāsāndha ivādarśaś candramā na prakāśate
Its splendour passed over to the sun, its orb ruddy with frost, the moon does not shine — like a mirror dimmed by breath.
Words: ravisaṃkrāntasaubhābyas — its beauty passed over to the sun; tuṣārāruṇamaṇḍalaḥ — with an orb ruddy with frost; niḥśvāsāndha — dimmed by breath (as a mirror); ivādarśaś — like a mirror; candramā — the moon; na — not; prakāśate — shines
3.15.14
jyotsnā tuṣāramalinā paurṇamāsyāṃ na rājate
sīteva cātapa śyāmā lakṣyate na tu śobhate
The moonlight, sullied by frost, does not shine on the full-moon night; darkened even in the sunshine like Sītā, it is seen but does not gleam.
Words: jyotsnā — the moonlight; tuṣāramalinā — sullied by frost; paurṇamāsyāṃ — on the full-moon night; na — not; rājate — shines, is resplendent; sīteva — like Sītā; cātapa — and in the sunlight; śyāmā — dark, darkened; lakṣyate — is perceived, is seen; na — not; tu — but; śobhate — gleams, looks beautiful
3.15.15
prakṛtyā śītalasparśo himaviddhaś ca sāmpratam
pravāti paścimo vāyuḥ kāle dviguṇaśītalaḥ
By nature cold to the touch and now pierced through with frost, the west wind blows at this season doubly cold.
Words: prakṛtyā — by nature; śītalasparśo — cool to the touch; himaviddhaś — pierced with frost; ca — and; sāmpratam — now; pravāti — blows forth; paścimo — the western; vāyuḥ — the wind; kāle — at this season; dviguṇaśītalaḥ — doubly cold
3.15.16
bāṣpacchannān araṇyāni yavagodhūmavanti ca
śobhante 'bhyudite sūrye nadadbhiḥ krauñcasārasaiḥ
The forests, veiled in mist and rich in barley and wheat, are beautiful when the sun has risen, with the cries of krauñcas and sāras cranes.
Words: bāṣpacchannān — veiled in mist; araṇyāni — the forests; yavagodhūmavanti — possessing barley and wheat; ca — and; śobhante — are beautiful, shine; 'bhyudite sūrye — when the sun has risen; nadadbhiḥ — with (them) crying out; krauñcasārasaiḥ — with krauñca and sārasa cranes
3.15.17
kharjūrapuṣpākṛtibhiḥ śirobhiḥ pūrṇataṇḍulaiḥ
śobhante kiṃ cidālambāḥ śālayaḥ kanakaprabhāḥ
With their heads shaped like date-palm blossoms and full of grain, the rice-plants, slightly bending, gleam gold-hued.
Words: kharjūrapuṣpākṛtibhiḥ — of the form of date-palm blossoms; śirobhiḥ — with (their) heads (ears); pūrṇataṇḍulaiḥ — full of grain; śobhante — gleam, are beautiful; kiṃ — a little (with cid); cidālambāḥ — somewhat bending down; śālayaḥ — the rice-plants; kanakaprabhāḥ — gold-hued
3.15.18
mayūkhair upasarpadbhir himanīhārasaṃvṛtaiḥ
dūram abhyuditaḥ sūryaḥ śaśāṅka iva lakṣyate
With its rays creeping forth, wrapped in frost and mist, the sun, risen far up, looks like the moon.
Words: mayūkhair — with (its) rays; upasarpadbhir — creeping up, approaching; himanīhārasaṃvṛtaiḥ — wrapped in frost and mist; dūram — far; abhyuditaḥ — risen up; sūryaḥ — the sun; śaśāṅka iva — like the moon; lakṣyate — is seen, appears
3.15.19
agrāhyavīryaḥ pūrvāhṇe madhyāhne sparśataḥ sukhaḥ
saṃraktaḥ kiṃ cid āpāṇḍur ātapaḥ śobhate kṣitau
Its power imperceptible in the forenoon, pleasant to the touch at midday, somewhat reddened and pale-white, the sunshine is beautiful upon the earth.
Words: agrāhyavīryaḥ — of imperceptible force; pūrvāhṇe — in the forenoon; madhyāhne — at midday; sparśataḥ — to the touch; sukhaḥ — pleasant; saṃraktaḥ — reddened, tinged red; kiṃ cid — somewhat; āpāṇḍur — pale-white, whitish; ātapaḥ — the sunshine, heat; śobhate — is beautiful, shines; kṣitau — on the earth
3.15.20
avaśyāyanipātena kiṃ cit praklinnaśādvalā
vanānāṃ śobhate bhūmir niviṣṭataruṇātapā
Its turf somewhat moistened by the falling of dew, and the young sunlight settled upon it, the ground of the forests is beautiful.
Words: avaśyāyanipātena — by the falling of dew; kiṃ cit — a little, somewhat; praklinnaśādvalā — with moistened turf; vanānāṃ — of the forests; śobhate — is beautiful; bhūmir — the ground, earth; niviṣṭataruṇātapā — on which the young sunshine has settled
3.15.21
avaśyāyatamonaddhā nīhāratamasāvṛtāḥ
prasuptā iva lakṣyante vipuṣpā vanarājayaḥ
Bound up in the darkness of dew and enveloped in the gloom of mist, the flowerless rows of forest trees look as though fast asleep.
Words: avaśyāyatamonaddhā — bound up in the darkness of dew; nīhāratamasāvṛtāḥ — enveloped in the gloom of mist; prasuptā iva — as though fast asleep; lakṣyante — are seen, appear; vipuṣpā — flowerless; vanarājayaḥ — rows of forest trees
3.15.22
bāṣpasaṃchannasalilā rutavijñeyasārasāḥ
himārdravālukais tīraiḥ sarito bhānti sāmpratam
With their waters shrouded in mist, their sāras cranes known only by their cries, and their banks of frost-wet sand, the rivers now gleam.
Words: bāṣpasaṃchannasalilā — with waters shrouded in mist; rutavijñeyasārasāḥ — whose sāras cranes are known by their cries; himārdravālukais — with frost-wet sands; tīraiḥ — with banks; sarito — the rivers; bhānti — shine, gleam; sāmpratam — now
3.15.23
tuṣārapatanāc caiva mṛdutvād bhāskarasya ca
śaityād agāgrastham api prāyeṇa rasavaj jalam
Because of the falling of frost and the mildness of the sun, and because of the cold, even the water resting on treetops is for the most part savoury.
Words: tuṣārapatanāc — from the falling of frost; caiva — and indeed; mṛdutvād — from the mildness; bhāskarasya — of the sun; ca — and; śaityād — from the cold; agāgrastham — standing on the treetops; api — even; prāyeṇa — for the most part, generally; rasavaj — savoury, full of flavour; jalam — the water
3.15.24
jarājarjaritaiḥ parṇaiḥ śīrṇakesarakarṇikaiḥ
nālaśeṣā himadhvastā na bhānti kamalākarāḥ
With their leaves worn out by age, their filaments and seed-cups fallen, only their stalks remaining, shattered by frost, the lotus-ponds no longer shine.
Words: jarājarjaritaiḥ — worn out by old age; parṇaiḥ — with leaves; śīrṇakesarakarṇikaiḥ — with fallen filaments and seed-cups; nālaśeṣā — with only the stalks remaining; himadhvastā — shattered by frost; na — not; bhānti — shine; kamalākarāḥ — the lotus-ponds
3.15.25
asmiṃs tu puruṣavyāghra kāle duḥkhasamanvitaḥ
tapaś carati dharmātmā tvadbhaktyā bharataḥ pure
But at this season, O tiger among men, the righteous Bharata, filled with sorrow, out of devotion to you practises austerities in the city.
Words: asmiṃs — at this; tu — but; puruṣavyāghra — O tiger among men; kāle — time, season; duḥkhasamanvitaḥ — filled with sorrow; tapaś — austerity, penance; carati — practises, performs; dharmātmā — the righteous-souled; tvadbhaktyā — out of devotion to you; bharataḥ — Bharata; pure — in the city
3.15.26
tyaktvā rājyaṃ ca mānaṃ ca bhogāṃś ca vividhān bahūn
tapasvī niyatāhāraḥ śete śīte mahītale
Renouncing kingship and honour and manifold pleasures, that ascetic, restrained in his food, sleeps on the cold ground.
Words: tyaktvā — having renounced; rājyaṃ — the kingdom, kingship; ca — and; mānaṃ — honour, pride; ca — and; bhogāṃś — enjoyments, pleasures; ca — and; vividhān — various; bahūn — many; tapasvī — the ascetic; niyatāhāraḥ — of restrained diet; śete — lies down, sleeps; śīte — on the cold; mahītale — on the ground
3.15.27
so 'pi velām imāṃ nūnam abhiṣekārtham udyataḥ
vṛtaḥ prakṛtibhir nityaṃ prayāti sarayūṃ nadīm
He too, surely, ready at this very hour to bathe, ever surrounded by his ministers, goes forth to the Sarayū river.
Words: so 'pi — he too; velām — the time, hour; imāṃ — this; nūnam — surely, certainly; abhiṣekārtham — for the sake of bathing; udyataḥ — ready, prepared; vṛtaḥ — surrounded; prakṛtibhir — by (his) ministers, subjects; nityaṃ — ever, constantly; prayāti — goes forth; sarayūṃ — Sarayū; nadīm — river
3.15.28
atyantasukhasaṃvṛddhaḥ sukumāro himārditaḥ
kathaṃ tv apararātreṣu sarayūm avagāhate
Raised in the utmost comfort, delicate, and tormented by the cold — how then, in the last watches of the night, does he plunge into the Sarayū?
Words: atyantasukhasaṃvṛddhaḥ — raised in the utmost comfort; sukumāro — delicate, tender; himārditaḥ — tormented by cold; kathaṃ — how; tv — but, indeed; apararātreṣu — in the latter watches of the night; sarayūm — the Sarayū; avagāhate — plunges into, bathes in
3.15.29
padmapatrekṣaṇaḥ śyāmaḥ śrīmān nirudaro mahān
dharmajñaḥ satyavādī ca hrī niṣedho jitendriyaḥ
Lotus-petal-eyed, dark-hued, glorious, slender-waisted and lofty, a knower of dharma, truthful, restrained by modesty, master of his senses,
Words: padmapatrekṣaṇaḥ — lotus-petal-eyed; śyāmaḥ — dark-hued; śrīmān — glorious, majestic; nirudaro — slender-waisted (lit. lean-bellied); mahān — great, tall; dharmajñaḥ — a knower of dharma; satyavādī — truthful, truth-speaking; ca — and; hrī niṣedho — restrained by modesty; jitendriyaḥ — having conquered the senses
3.15.30
priyābhibhāṣī madhuro dīrghabāhur ariṃdamaḥ
saṃtyajya vividhān saukhyān āryaṃ sarvātmanāśritaḥ
kindly in speech, gentle, long-armed, a subduer of foes — having abandoned pleasures of every kind, he has with his whole heart taken to the noble (way of his brother).
Words: priyābhibhāṣī — speaking kindly; madhuro — sweet, gentle; dīrghabāhur — long-armed; ariṃdamaḥ — subduer of foes; saṃtyajya — having abandoned; vividhān — various, manifold; saukhyān — pleasures, comforts; āryaṃ — the noble one / the noble (path); sarvātmanāśritaḥ — having resorted (to it) with his whole self
3.15.31
jitaḥ svargas tava bhrātrā bharatena mahātmanā
vanastham api tāpasye yas tvām anuvidhīyate
Heaven has been won by your great-souled brother Bharata, who, though you dwell in the forest, conforms himself to you in the ascetic's life.
Words: jitaḥ — won, conquered; svargas — heaven; tava — your; bhrātrā — by (your) brother; bharatena — by Bharata; mahātmanā — the great-souled; vanastham — dwelling in the forest; api — although, even; tāpasye — in ascetic practice; yas — who; tvām — you; anuvidhīyate — conforms himself, models himself (after)
3.15.32
na pitryam anuvarntante mātṛkaṃ dvipadā iti
khyāto lokapravādo 'yaṃ bharatenānyathākṛtaḥ
'Bipeds do not follow the father's nature, but the mother's' — this well-known popular saying has been proved otherwise by Bharata.
Words: na — not; pitryam — the paternal (nature); anuvarntante — they follow after; mātṛkaṃ — the maternal (nature); dvipadā — bipeds, two-footed beings; iti — thus (goes the saying); khyāto — well-known, famous; lokapravādo — popular saying, common report; 'yaṃ — this; bharatenānyathākṛtaḥ — made otherwise by Bharata
3.15.33
bhartā daśaratho yasyāḥ sādhuś ca bharataḥ sutaḥ
kathaṃ nu sāmbā kaikeyī tādṛśī krūradarśinī
She whose husband was Daśaratha and whose son is the good Bharata — how could that mother Kaikeyī be so cruel of intent?
Words: bhartā — the husband; daśaratho — Daśaratha; yasyāḥ — of whom (fem.); sādhuś — good, virtuous; ca — and; bharataḥ — Bharata; sutaḥ — the son; kathaṃ nu — how indeed; sāmbā — she, the mother (with 'ambā'); kaikeyī — Kaikeyī; tādṛśī — of such a kind; krūradarśinī — cruel of aspect/intent
3.15.34
ity evaṃ lakṣmaṇe vākyaṃ snehād bruvati dharmike
parivādaṃ jananyās tam asahan rāghavo 'bravīt
When the righteous Lakṣmaṇa was speaking these words thus out of affection, Rāghava, unable to bear that censure of his mother, said:
Words: ity evaṃ — thus, in this way; lakṣmaṇe — when Lakṣmaṇa; vākyaṃ — the words, speech; snehād — out of affection; bruvati — was speaking; dharmike — the righteous; parivādaṃ — the censure, reproach; jananyās — of the mother; tam — that; asahan — not bearing, unable to endure; rāghavo — Rāghava; 'bravīt — said
3.15.35
na te 'mbā madhyamā tāta garhitavyā kathaṃ cana
tām evekṣvākunāthasya bharatasya kathāṃ kuru
“Our middle mother, dear brother, is in no way to be blamed by you; speak only that story of Bharata, lord of the Ikṣvākus.
Words: na — not; te — by you; 'mbā — the mother; madhyamā — the middle one; tāta — dear one, my child; garhitavyā — to be blamed, censured; kathaṃ cana — in any way; tām — that; evekṣvākunāthasya — only, of the lord of the Ikṣvākus; bharatasya — of Bharata; kathāṃ — the story, talk; kuru — make, tell
3.15.36
niścitāpi hi me buddhir vanavāse dṛḍhavratā
bharatasnehasaṃtaptā bāliśī kriyate punaḥ
For though my mind is firmly resolved, steadfast in its vow of forest-dwelling, when scorched by affection for Bharata it is made childish again.”
Words: niścitāpi — although resolved, determined; hi — for, indeed; me — my; buddhir — the mind, resolve; vanavāse — in forest-dwelling; dṛḍhavratā — of firm vow, steadfast; bharatasnehasaṃtaptā — scorched by affection for Bharata; bāliśī — childish, foolish; kriyate — is made, is rendered; punaḥ — again
3.15.37
ity evaṃ vilapaṃs tatra prāpya godāvarīṃ nadīm
cakre 'bhiṣekaṃ kākutsthaḥ sānujaḥ saha sītayā
Lamenting thus there, and having reached the Godāvarī river, Kākutstha, with his younger brother and with Sītā, performed his ablution.
Words: ity evaṃ — thus, in this way; vilapaṃs — lamenting; tatra — there; prāpya — having reached; godāvarīṃ — the Godāvarī; nadīm — river; cakre — made, performed; 'bhiṣekaṃ — the ablution, bathing; kākutsthaḥ — Kākutstha (descendant of Kakutstha); sānujaḥ — with his younger brother; saha sītayā — together with Sītā
3.15.38
tarpayitvātha salilais te pitṝn daivatāni ca
stuvanti smoditaṃ sūryaṃ devatāś ca samāhitāḥ
Then, having satisfied the ancestors and the gods with water-offerings, they, composed in mind, praised the risen sun and the deities.
Words: tarpayitvātha — and having satisfied (with libations); salilais — with water; te — they; pitṝn — the ancestors, fathers; daivatāni — the deities; ca — and; stuvanti — they praise; smoditaṃ — (past particle) the risen; sūryaṃ — the sun; devatāś — the deities; ca — and; samāhitāḥ — composed, attentive
3.15.39
kṛtābhiṣekaḥ sa rarāja rāmaḥ sītādvitīyaḥ saha lakṣmaṇena
kṛtābhiṣekas tv agarājaputryā rudraḥ sanandir bhagavān iveśaḥ
Having bathed, Rāma shone forth with Sītā as his second and together with Lakṣmaṇa, like the lord Rudra, the blessed god, after bathing, with the daughter of the mountain-king and with Nandin.
Words: kṛtābhiṣekaḥ — having performed his ablution; sa — he; rarāja — shone, was resplendent; rāmaḥ — Rāma; sītādvitīyaḥ — having Sītā as his second (companion); saha lakṣmaṇena — together with Lakṣmaṇa; kṛtābhiṣekas — having bathed; tv — and, but; agarājaputryā — with the daughter of the mountain-king (Pārvatī); rudraḥ — Rudra; sanandir — together with Nandin; bhagavān — the blessed lord; iveśaḥ — like the lord
← 3.14 Lakṣmaṇa builds the Pañcavaṭī hut · Araṇya Kāṇḍa · 3.16 Śūrpaṇakhā’s proposal →
Composed by Maharṣi Vālmīki, the ādikavi of the ādikāvya: the first poet of the first poem. Sanskrit: The Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa: Critical Edition, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1960–1975 (gen. eds. G. H. Bhatt, U. P. Shah); IAST from GRETIL (Göttingen). Translation and word glosses: Claude Opus 4.6–4.7; summaries and sequences: ChatGPT Astra (machine-made). Numbering follows the Critical Edition, not the vulgate (e.g. Gita Press, valmikiramayan.net), so sarga and verse numbers can differ from those editions.
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