{"kanda":3,"kandaName":"Araṇya Kāṇḍa","sarga":15,"title":"Rāma’s winter bath in the Godāvarī","sentence":"Lakṣmaṇa describes cold water and imagines Bharata’s Sarayū bath, Rāma bathes with Sītā & Lakṣmaṇa and offers water","portion":"The winter bath at Pañcavaṭī","sequence":[[{"steps":["At the close of autumn, early winter begins while Rāma is living at Pañcavaṭī (15.1)"],"from":1,"to":1,"sarga":15},{"steps":["one morning, as night gives way to dawn, he sets out to bathe in the Godāvarī","Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa follow, Lakṣmaṇa carrying a water pot (15.2–3)"],"from":2,"to":3,"sarga":15},{"steps":["Lakṣmaṇa remarks that Rāma's favorite season has arrived: frost roughens the world, crops cover the earth, water is no longer pleasant to enter, and the warmth of a fire is welcome (15.4–5)"],"from":4,"to":5,"sarga":15},{"steps":["he describes āgrayaṇa (new-harvest offerings) to the pitṛs and devatās, plentiful dairy produce in the countryside, and Kings setting out on campaigns (15.6–7)."],"from":6,"to":7,"sarga":15}],[{"steps":["Lakṣmaṇa describes the sun’s southward course and the snowy Himālaya (15.8–9)"],"from":8,"to":9,"sarga":15},{"steps":["midday sunshine is pleasant, but shade and water are unwelcome; the nights grow longer and colder, and people stop sleeping outdoors (15.10–12)"],"from":10,"to":12,"sarga":15},{"steps":["frost dims the moon like breath clouding a mirror and makes the west wind doubly cold (15.13–15)"],"from":13,"to":15,"sarga":15},{"steps":["mist veils the woods and grain fields, cranes call, and ripe rice bends beneath its golden grain (15.16–17)"],"from":16,"to":17,"sarga":15},{"steps":["the pale morning sun gives little warmth; dew wets the grass, and flowerless trees seem asleep (15.18–21)"],"from":18,"to":21,"sarga":15},{"steps":["fog hides the river birds, leaving only their calls; frost wets the banks, makes water on the treetops pleasant to taste, and shatters the lotuses, leaving bare stalks (15.22–24)."],"from":22,"to":24,"sarga":15}],[{"steps":["The cold turns Lakṣmaṇa's thoughts to Bharata, who has renounced Kingship and comfort, eats sparingly, and sleeps on the cold ground out of devotion to Rāma (15.25–26)"],"from":25,"to":26,"sarga":15},{"steps":["he imagines Bharata setting out with his ministers for the Sarayū at this very hour","remembering how delicately Bharata was raised, he wonders how he can bear plunging into the river in the bitter cold before dawn (15.27–28)"],"from":27,"to":28,"sarga":15},{"steps":["he praises Bharata's gentleness, self-restraint, and wholehearted adoption of his brother's life of tapas (15.29–31)"],"from":29,"to":31,"sarga":15},{"steps":["he says Bharata disproves the saying that a son takes after his mother, then wonders how Kaikeyī could be so cruel with Daśaratha as her husband and Bharata as her son (15.32–33)"],"from":32,"to":33,"sarga":15},{"steps":["Rāma stops him from blaming Kaikeyī and asks him to speak only of Bharata","he says that although his commitment to the forest vow remains firm, longing for Bharata makes his heart childlike again (15.34–36)"],"from":34,"to":36,"sarga":15},{"steps":["they reach the Godāvarī and bathe","they perform water-tarpaṇa for the pitṛs and daivatas, then praise the risen Sūrya and the devatās (15.37–38)"],"from":37,"to":38,"sarga":15},{"steps":["after bathing, Rāma shines beside Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa like Rudra after his bath, accompanied by the mountain-King's daughter, Pārvatī, and Nandin (15.39)."],"from":39,"to":39,"sarga":15}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"3.015.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vasatas tasya tu mukhaṃ rāghavasya mahātmanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śaradvyapāye hemanta ṛtur iṣṭaḥ pravartate","q":null}],"tr":"As the great-souled Rāghava was dwelling there, at the close of autumn the pleasant season of early winter set in — its very onset.","w":[["vasatas","as he was dwelling","vasataḥ"],["tasya","of him"],["tu","and"],["mukhaṃ","the beginning, onset"],["rāghavasya","of Rāghava"],["mahātmanaḥ","the great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["śaradvyapāye","at the close of autumn","",[["śarad","autumn"],["vyapāya","departure, close"]]],["hemanta","the early-winter (season)"],["ṛtur","the season","ṛtuḥ"],["iṣṭaḥ","desired, pleasant"],["pravartate","set in, came on"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"3.015.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa kadā cit prabhātāyāṃ śarvaryāṃ raghunandanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"prayayāv abhiṣekārthaṃ ramyaṃ godāvarīṃ nadīm","q":null}],"tr":"Once, when the night had brightened into dawn, that delight of the Raghus set out to bathe in the lovely Godāvarī river.","w":[["sa","he"],["kadā cit","once, at a certain time"],["prabhātāyāṃ","having brightened into dawn"],["śarvaryāṃ","when the night","śarvaryām"],["raghunandanaḥ","the delight of the Raghus","",[["raghu","Raghu"],["nandana","delighter, son"]]],["prayayāv","set out","prayayau"],["abhiṣekārthaṃ","for the purpose of bathing","abhiṣeka-arthaṃ",[["abhiṣeka","bathing, ablution"],["artha","purpose"]]],["ramyaṃ","lovely"],["godāvarīṃ","Godāvarī"],["nadīm","river"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"3.015.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prahvaḥ kalaśahastas taṃ sītayā saha vīryavān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pṛṣṭhato 'nuvrajan bhrātā saumitrir idam abravīt","q":null}],"tr":"Bowing respectfully, water-pot in hand, the valiant brother Saumitri, walking behind him along with Sītā, spoke these words to him:","w":[["prahvaḥ","bowing, deferential"],["kalaśahastas","with a water-pot in hand","kalaśahastaḥ",[["kalaśa","water-pot, pitcher"],["hasta","hand"]]],["taṃ","to him"],["sītayā saha","together with Sītā"],["vīryavān","the valiant one"],["pṛṣṭhato","behind","pṛṣṭhataḥ"],["'nuvrajan","following, walking after","anuvrajan"],["bhrātā","the brother"],["saumitrir","Saumitri (son of Sumitrā)","saumitriḥ"],["idam","this"],["abravīt","spoke"]]},{"v":4,"ref":"3.015.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ayaṃ sa kālaḥ saṃprāptaḥ priyo yas te priyaṃvada","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"alaṃkṛta ivābhāti yena saṃvatsaraḥ śubhaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"“O sweet-spoken one, this dear season has now arrived — the one you love — by which the auspicious year shines as though adorned.","w":[["ayaṃ","this"],["sa","that"],["kālaḥ","time, season"],["saṃprāptaḥ","has arrived"],["priyo","dear","priyaḥ"],["yas","which","yaḥ"],["te","to you"],["priyaṃvada","O sweet-spoken one","",[["priya","dear, pleasant"],["vada","speaking"]]],["alaṃkṛta","adorned","alaṃkṛtaḥ"],["ivābhāti","shines as though","iva ābhāti"],["yena","by which"],["saṃvatsaraḥ","the year"],["śubhaḥ","auspicious, fair"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"3.015.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nīhāraparuṣo lokaḥ pṛṣhivī sasyamālinī","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"jalāny anupabhogyāni subhago havyavāhanaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"The world is rough with frost, the earth is garlanded with crops, the waters are no longer fit to enjoy, and fire has become a welcome delight.","w":[["nīhāraparuṣo","rough with frost, harsh with mist","nīhāraparuṣaḥ",[["nīhāra","frost, mist"],["paruṣa","rough, harsh"]]],["lokaḥ","the world"],["pṛṣhivī","the earth","pṛthivī"],["sasyamālinī","garlanded with crops","",[["sasya","crops, grain"],["mālinī","garlanded, wreathed"]]],["jalāny","the waters","jalāni"],["anupabhogyāni","not to be enjoyed, unfit for use","",[["an","not"],["upabhogya","to be enjoyed"]]],["subhago","delightful, welcome","subhagaḥ"],["havyavāhanaḥ","fire (the bearer of oblations)","",[["havya","oblation"],["vāhana","bearer, carrier"]]]]},{"v":6,"ref":"3.015.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"navāgrayaṇa pūjābhir abhyarcya pitṛdevatāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kṛtāgrayaṇakāḥ kāle santo vigatakalmaṣāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Having worshipped the ancestral deities with offerings of the new first-fruits, the virtuous, at the proper time, having performed the first-fruits rite, are freed of sin.","w":[["navāgrayaṇa","of the new first-fruits (harvest oblation)","",[["nava","new"],["agrayaṇa","first-fruits offering"]]],["pūjābhir","with worship-offerings","pūjābhiḥ"],["abhyarcya","having worshipped"],["pitṛdevatāḥ","the ancestral deities","",[["pitṛ","ancestor, father"],["devatā","deity"]]],["kṛtāgrayaṇakāḥ","those who have made the first-fruits offering","kṛta-agrayaṇakāḥ",[["kṛta","done, made"],["agrayaṇaka","first-fruits rite"]]],["kāle","at the (proper) time"],["santo","the virtuous, good people","santaḥ"],["vigatakalmaṣāḥ","freed of sin, with impurity gone","",[["vigata","gone away"],["kalmaṣa","sin, impurity"]]]]},{"v":7,"ref":"3.015.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prājyakāmā janapadāḥ saṃpannataragorasāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vicaranti mahīpālā yātrārthaṃ vijigīṣavaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"The country districts are rich in their desires, abounding in fine milk-products; and the kings, eager for conquest, march out on campaign.","w":[["prājyakāmā","abundant in their desires","prājyakāmāḥ",[["prājya","abundant, plentiful"],["kāma","desire, wish"]]],["janapadāḥ","the country districts, peoples","",[["jana","people"],["pada","region, place"]]],["saṃpannataragorasāḥ","abounding in richer milk-products","",[["saṃpannatara","more abundant, richer"],["gorasa","milk-product (milk, curds)"]]],["vicaranti","move about, roam"],["mahīpālā","the kings (earth-protectors)","mahīpālāḥ",[["mahī","earth"],["pāla","protector"]]],["yātrārthaṃ","for the sake of a (military) expedition","yātrā-arthaṃ",[["yātrā","march, expedition"],["artha","purpose"]]],["vijigīṣavaḥ","desirous of conquest"]]},{"v":8,"ref":"3.015.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sevamāne dṛḍhaṃ sūrye diśam antakasevitām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vihīnatilakeva strī nottarā dik prakāśate","q":null}],"tr":"As the sun steadfastly resorts to the quarter frequented by Death (the south), the northern quarter, like a woman bereft of her forehead-mark, does not shine.","w":[["sevamāne","as it resorts to","sevamāne (loc. abs.)"],["dṛḍhaṃ","firmly, steadfastly"],["sūrye","the sun","sūrye (loc. abs.)"],["diśam","the quarter, direction"],["antakasevitām","frequented by Death (the south)","",[["antaka","Death, Yama"],["sevita","resorted to, frequented"]]],["vihīnatilakeva","like (a woman) deprived of her forehead-mark","vihīnatilakā iva",[["vihīna","deprived, bereft"],["tilaka","forehead ornament, mark"]]],["strī","a woman"],["nottarā","not the northern","na uttarā"],["dik","quarter, direction"],["prakāśate","shines, appears bright"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"3.015.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prakṛtyā himakośāḍhyo dūrasūryaś ca sāmpratam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yathārthanāmā suvyaktaṃ himavān himavān giriḥ","q":null}],"tr":"By nature rich in stores of snow, and now with the sun far off, the Himavat mountain — 'snow-possessing' — is very plainly true to its name.","w":[["prakṛtyā","by nature"],["himakośāḍhyo","rich in stores of snow","himakośāḍhyaḥ",[["hima","snow"],["kośa","store, treasury"],["āḍhya","rich in"]]],["dūrasūryaś","with the sun far away","dūrasūryaḥ",[["dūra","far"],["sūrya","sun"]]],["ca","and"],["sāmpratam","now, at present"],["yathārthanāmā","true to its name","",[["yathārtha","conforming to reality, apt"],["nāman","name"]]],["suvyaktaṃ","very clearly, plainly"],["himavān","'possessing snow'"],["himavān","Himavat"],["giriḥ","the mountain"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"3.015.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"atyantasukhasaṃcārā madhyāhne sparśataḥ sukhāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"divasāḥ subhagādityāś chāyāsaliladurbhagāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"The days, exceedingly pleasant to move about in, agreeable to the touch at noon, with a delightful sun, make shade and water disagreeable.","w":[["atyantasukhasaṃcārā","in which moving about is extremely pleasant","atyantasukhasaṃcārāḥ",[["atyanta","excessive, extreme"],["sukha","pleasant, happy"],["saṃcāra","movement, going about"]]],["madhyāhne","at noon","",[["madhya","middle"],["ahan","day"]]],["sparśataḥ","to the touch"],["sukhāḥ","pleasant"],["divasāḥ","the days"],["subhagādityāś","having a delightful sun","subhagādityāḥ",[["subhaga","delightful, pleasant"],["āditya","sun"]]],["chāyāsaliladurbhagāḥ","making shade and water disagreeable","",[["chāyā","shade"],["salila","water"],["durbhaga","disagreeable, unpleasant"]]]]},{"v":11,"ref":"3.015.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"mṛdusūryāḥ sanīhārāḥ paṭuśītāḥ samārutāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śūnyāraṇyā himadhvastā divasā bhānti sāmpratam","q":null}],"tr":"With their mild sun, their mist, their sharp cold and their winds, their empty forests overwhelmed by frost, the days now gleam.","w":[["mṛdusūryāḥ","with a mild sun","",[["mṛdu","soft, mild"],["sūrya","sun"]]],["sanīhārāḥ","with mist, foggy","",[["sa","with"],["nīhāra","mist, frost"]]],["paṭuśītāḥ","with sharp cold","",[["paṭu","sharp, keen"],["śīta","cold"]]],["samārutāḥ","with winds","",[["sa","with"],["māruta","wind"]]],["śūnyāraṇyā","with empty forests","śūnyāraṇyāḥ",[["śūnya","empty"],["araṇya","forest"]]],["himadhvastā","overwhelmed by frost","himadhvastāḥ",[["hima","snow, frost"],["dhvasta","destroyed, overwhelmed"]]],["divasā","the days","divasāḥ"],["bhānti","shine, appear"],["sāmpratam","now"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"3.015.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nivṛttākāśaśayanāḥ puṣyanītā himāruṇāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śītā vṛddhatarāyāmās triyāmā yānti sāmpratam","q":null}],"tr":"The nights, on which sleeping in the open has ceased, led on by the Puṣya constellation, reddened by frost, cold, and grown longer, now pass by.","w":[["nivṛttākāśaśayanāḥ","on which sleeping in the open air has ceased","nivṛtta-ākāśa-śayanāḥ",[["nivṛtta","ceased, ended"],["ākāśa","open air, sky"],["śayana","sleeping, lying down"]]],["puṣyanītā","led on by the Puṣya (constellation)","puṣyanītāḥ",[["puṣya","the Puṣya lunar mansion"],["nīta","led, brought"]]],["himāruṇāḥ","reddened by frost","",[["hima","frost"],["aruṇa","reddish, ruddy"]]],["śītā","cold","śītāḥ"],["vṛddhatarāyāmās","of greatly increased length","vṛddhatarāyāmāḥ",[["vṛddhatara","greatly increased, longer"],["āyāma","extent, length"]]],["triyāmā","the nights (of three watches)","triyāmāḥ",[["tri","three"],["yāma","watch (of the night)"]]],["yānti","go, pass"],["sāmpratam","now"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"3.015.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ravisaṃkrāntasaubhābyas tuṣārāruṇamaṇḍalaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"niḥśvāsāndha ivādarśaś candramā na prakāśate","q":null}],"tr":"Its splendour passed over to the sun, its orb ruddy with frost, the moon does not shine — like a mirror dimmed by breath.","w":[["ravisaṃkrāntasaubhābyas","its beauty passed over to the sun","ravisaṃkrāntasaubhāgyaḥ",[["ravi","sun"],["saṃkrānta","passed over, transferred"],["saubhāgya","beauty, good fortune"]]],["tuṣārāruṇamaṇḍalaḥ","with an orb ruddy with frost","tuṣāra-aruṇa-maṇḍalaḥ",[["tuṣāra","frost, mist"],["aruṇa","reddish"],["maṇḍala","disc, orb"]]],["niḥśvāsāndha","dimmed by breath (as a mirror)","niḥśvāsāndhaḥ",[["niḥśvāsa","breath, exhalation"],["andha","blind, dimmed"]]],["ivādarśaś","like a mirror","iva ādarśaḥ"],["candramā","the moon"],["na","not"],["prakāśate","shines"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"3.015.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"jyotsnā tuṣāramalinā paurṇamāsyāṃ na rājate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sīteva cātapa śyāmā lakṣyate na tu śobhate","q":null}],"tr":"The moonlight, sullied by frost, does not shine on the full-moon night; darkened even in the sunshine like Sītā, it is seen but does not gleam.","w":[["jyotsnā","the moonlight"],["tuṣāramalinā","sullied by frost","",[["tuṣāra","frost"],["malina","dirty, sullied"]]],["paurṇamāsyāṃ","on the full-moon night","paurṇamāsyām"],["na","not"],["rājate","shines, is resplendent"],["sīteva","like Sītā","sītā iva"],["cātapa","and in the sunlight","ca ātapa"],["śyāmā","dark, darkened"],["lakṣyate","is perceived, is seen"],["na","not"],["tu","but"],["śobhate","gleams, looks beautiful"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"3.015.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prakṛtyā śītalasparśo himaviddhaś ca sāmpratam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pravāti paścimo vāyuḥ kāle dviguṇaśītalaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"By nature cold to the touch and now pierced through with frost, the west wind blows at this season doubly cold.","w":[["prakṛtyā","by nature"],["śītalasparśo","cool to the touch","śītalasparśaḥ",[["śītala","cool, cold"],["sparśa","touch"]]],["himaviddhaś","pierced with frost","himaviddhaḥ",[["hima","frost"],["viddha","pierced, penetrated"]]],["ca","and"],["sāmpratam","now"],["pravāti","blows forth"],["paścimo","the western","paścimaḥ"],["vāyuḥ","the wind"],["kāle","at this season"],["dviguṇaśītalaḥ","doubly cold","",[["dviguṇa","twofold, double"],["śītala","cold"]]]]},{"v":16,"ref":"3.015.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bāṣpacchannān araṇyāni yavagodhūmavanti ca","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śobhante 'bhyudite sūrye nadadbhiḥ krauñcasārasaiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"The forests, veiled in mist and rich in barley and wheat, are beautiful when the sun has risen, with the cries of krauñcas and sāras cranes.","w":[["bāṣpacchannān","veiled in mist","bāṣpacchannāni",[["bāṣpa","mist, vapour"],["channa","covered, veiled"]]],["araṇyāni","the forests"],["yavagodhūmavanti","possessing barley and wheat","",[["yava","barley"],["godhūma","wheat"],["vat","possessing"]]],["ca","and"],["śobhante","are beautiful, shine"],["'bhyudite sūrye","when the sun has risen","abhyudite sūrye (loc. abs.)"],["nadadbhiḥ","with (them) crying out"],["krauñcasārasaiḥ","with krauñca and sārasa cranes","",[["krauñca","krauñca (curlew) bird"],["sārasa","sārasa crane"]]]]},{"v":17,"ref":"3.015.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kharjūrapuṣpākṛtibhiḥ śirobhiḥ pūrṇataṇḍulaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śobhante kiṃ cidālambāḥ śālayaḥ kanakaprabhāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"With their heads shaped like date-palm blossoms and full of grain, the rice-plants, slightly bending, gleam gold-hued.","w":[["kharjūrapuṣpākṛtibhiḥ","of the form of date-palm blossoms","kharjūra-puṣpa-ākṛtibhiḥ",[["kharjūra","date palm"],["puṣpa","flower, blossom"],["ākṛti","form, shape"]]],["śirobhiḥ","with (their) heads (ears)"],["pūrṇataṇḍulaiḥ","full of grain","",[["pūrṇa","full"],["taṇḍula","grain, rice"]]],["śobhante","gleam, are beautiful"],["kiṃ","a little (with cid)"],["cidālambāḥ","somewhat bending down","cid ālambāḥ"],["śālayaḥ","the rice-plants"],["kanakaprabhāḥ","gold-hued","",[["kanaka","gold"],["prabhā","radiance, hue"]]]]},{"v":18,"ref":"3.015.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"mayūkhair upasarpadbhir himanīhārasaṃvṛtaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dūram abhyuditaḥ sūryaḥ śaśāṅka iva lakṣyate","q":null}],"tr":"With its rays creeping forth, wrapped in frost and mist, the sun, risen far up, looks like the moon.","w":[["mayūkhair","with (its) rays","mayūkhaiḥ"],["upasarpadbhir","creeping up, approaching","upasarpadbhiḥ"],["himanīhārasaṃvṛtaiḥ","wrapped in frost and mist","",[["hima","frost"],["nīhāra","mist"],["saṃvṛta","covered, wrapped"]]],["dūram","far"],["abhyuditaḥ","risen up"],["sūryaḥ","the sun"],["śaśāṅka iva","like the moon","śaśāṅkaḥ iva",[["śaśa","hare"],["aṅka","mark"]]],["lakṣyate","is seen, appears"]]},{"v":19,"ref":"3.015.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"agrāhyavīryaḥ pūrvāhṇe madhyāhne sparśataḥ sukhaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"saṃraktaḥ kiṃ cid āpāṇḍur ātapaḥ śobhate kṣitau","q":null}],"tr":"Its power imperceptible in the forenoon, pleasant to the touch at midday, somewhat reddened and pale-white, the sunshine is beautiful upon the earth.","w":[["agrāhyavīryaḥ","of imperceptible force","",[["agrāhya","ungraspable, imperceptible"],["vīrya","power, energy"]]],["pūrvāhṇe","in the forenoon","",[["pūrva","early, former"],["ahan","day"]]],["madhyāhne","at midday","",[["madhya","middle"],["ahan","day"]]],["sparśataḥ","to the touch"],["sukhaḥ","pleasant"],["saṃraktaḥ","reddened, tinged red"],["kiṃ cid","somewhat"],["āpāṇḍur","pale-white, whitish","āpāṇḍuḥ"],["ātapaḥ","the sunshine, heat"],["śobhate","is beautiful, shines"],["kṣitau","on the earth"]]},{"v":20,"ref":"3.015.020","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"avaśyāyanipātena kiṃ cit praklinnaśādvalā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vanānāṃ śobhate bhūmir niviṣṭataruṇātapā","q":null}],"tr":"Its turf somewhat moistened by the falling of dew, and the young sunlight settled upon it, the ground of the forests is beautiful.","w":[["avaśyāyanipātena","by the falling of dew","",[["avaśyāya","dew, hoar-frost"],["nipāta","falling"]]],["kiṃ cit","a little, somewhat"],["praklinnaśādvalā","with moistened turf","",[["praklinna","moistened, wet"],["śādvala","turf, grassy ground"]]],["vanānāṃ","of the forests","vanānām"],["śobhate","is beautiful"],["bhūmir","the ground, earth","bhūmiḥ"],["niviṣṭataruṇātapā","on which the young sunshine has settled","niviṣṭa-taruṇa-ātapā",[["niviṣṭa","settled, entered"],["taruṇa","young, fresh"],["ātapa","sunshine"]]]]},{"v":21,"ref":"3.015.021","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"avaśyāyatamonaddhā nīhāratamasāvṛtāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"prasuptā iva lakṣyante vipuṣpā vanarājayaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Bound up in the darkness of dew and enveloped in the gloom of mist, the flowerless rows of forest trees look as though fast asleep.","w":[["avaśyāyatamonaddhā","bound up in the darkness of dew","avaśyāyatamonaddhāḥ",[["avaśyāya","dew"],["tamas","darkness"],["naddha","bound, tied"]]],["nīhāratamasāvṛtāḥ","enveloped in the gloom of mist","nīhāra-tamasā-āvṛtāḥ",[["nīhāra","mist"],["tamas","darkness, gloom"],["āvṛta","covered, enveloped"]]],["prasuptā iva","as though fast asleep","prasuptāḥ iva"],["lakṣyante","are seen, appear"],["vipuṣpā","flowerless","vipuṣpāḥ",[["vi","without"],["puṣpa","flower"]]],["vanarājayaḥ","rows of forest trees","",[["vana","forest"],["rāji","row, line"]]]]},{"v":22,"ref":"3.015.022","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bāṣpasaṃchannasalilā rutavijñeyasārasāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"himārdravālukais tīraiḥ sarito bhānti sāmpratam","q":null}],"tr":"With their waters shrouded in mist, their sāras cranes known only by their cries, and their banks of frost-wet sand, the rivers now gleam.","w":[["bāṣpasaṃchannasalilā","with waters shrouded in mist","bāṣpasaṃchannasalilāḥ",[["bāṣpa","mist"],["saṃchanna","covered, shrouded"],["salila","water"]]],["rutavijñeyasārasāḥ","whose sāras cranes are known by their cries","",[["ruta","cry, call"],["vijñeya","to be recognized, knowable"],["sārasa","sārasa crane"]]],["himārdravālukais","with frost-wet sands","himārdravālukaiḥ",[["hima","frost"],["ārdra","wet, moist"],["vāluka","sand"]]],["tīraiḥ","with banks"],["sarito","the rivers","saritaḥ"],["bhānti","shine, gleam"],["sāmpratam","now"]]},{"v":23,"ref":"3.015.023","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tuṣārapatanāc caiva mṛdutvād bhāskarasya ca","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śaityād agāgrastham api prāyeṇa rasavaj jalam","q":null}],"tr":"Because of the falling of frost and the mildness of the sun, and because of the cold, even the water resting on treetops is for the most part savoury.","w":[["tuṣārapatanāc","from the falling of frost","tuṣārapatanāt",[["tuṣāra","frost"],["patana","falling"]]],["caiva","and indeed","ca eva"],["mṛdutvād","from the mildness","mṛdutvāt",[["mṛdu","soft, mild"],["tva","-ness"]]],["bhāskarasya","of the sun","",[["bhās","light"],["kara","making"]]],["ca","and"],["śaityād","from the cold","śaityāt"],["agāgrastham","standing on the treetops","agāgra-stham",[["aga","tree, mountain"],["agra","tip, top"],["stha","standing"]]],["api","even"],["prāyeṇa","for the most part, generally"],["rasavaj","savoury, full of flavour","rasavat",[["rasa","juice, flavour"],["vat","possessing"]]],["jalam","the water"]]},{"v":24,"ref":"3.015.024","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"jarājarjaritaiḥ parṇaiḥ śīrṇakesarakarṇikaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nālaśeṣā himadhvastā na bhānti kamalākarāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"With their leaves worn out by age, their filaments and seed-cups fallen, only their stalks remaining, shattered by frost, the lotus-ponds no longer shine.","w":[["jarājarjaritaiḥ","worn out by old age","",[["jarā","old age"],["jarjarita","worn, decayed"]]],["parṇaiḥ","with leaves"],["śīrṇakesarakarṇikaiḥ","with fallen filaments and seed-cups","",[["śīrṇa","fallen, withered"],["kesara","filament, stamen"],["karṇikā","pericarp, seed-cup"]]],["nālaśeṣā","with only the stalks remaining","nālaśeṣāḥ",[["nāla","stalk, stem"],["śeṣa","remainder, remaining"]]],["himadhvastā","shattered by frost","himadhvastāḥ",[["hima","frost"],["dhvasta","destroyed, shattered"]]],["na","not"],["bhānti","shine"],["kamalākarāḥ","the lotus-ponds","",[["kamala","lotus"],["ākara","mine, receptacle, pond"]]]]},{"v":25,"ref":"3.015.025","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"asmiṃs tu puruṣavyāghra kāle duḥkhasamanvitaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tapaś carati dharmātmā tvadbhaktyā bharataḥ pure","q":null}],"tr":"But at this season, O tiger among men, the righteous Bharata, filled with sorrow, out of devotion to you practises austerities in the city.","w":[["asmiṃs","at this","asmin"],["tu","but"],["puruṣavyāghra","O tiger among men","",[["puruṣa","man"],["vyāghra","tiger"]]],["kāle","time, season"],["duḥkhasamanvitaḥ","filled with sorrow","",[["duḥkha","sorrow, pain"],["samanvita","endowed with, filled"]]],["tapaś","austerity, penance","tapaḥ"],["carati","practises, performs"],["dharmātmā","the righteous-souled","",[["dharma","dharma"],["ātman","soul"]]],["tvadbhaktyā","out of devotion to you","",[["tvat","you"],["bhakti","devotion"]]],["bharataḥ","Bharata"],["pure","in the city"]]},{"v":26,"ref":"3.015.026","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tyaktvā rājyaṃ ca mānaṃ ca bhogāṃś ca vividhān bahūn","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tapasvī niyatāhāraḥ śete śīte mahītale","q":null}],"tr":"Renouncing kingship and honour and manifold pleasures, that ascetic, restrained in his food, sleeps on the cold ground.","w":[["tyaktvā","having renounced"],["rājyaṃ","the kingdom, kingship"],["ca","and"],["mānaṃ","honour, pride"],["ca","and"],["bhogāṃś","enjoyments, pleasures","bhogān"],["ca","and"],["vividhān","various"],["bahūn","many"],["tapasvī","the ascetic"],["niyatāhāraḥ","of restrained diet","niyata-āhāraḥ",[["niyata","restrained, controlled"],["āhāra","food"]]],["śete","lies down, sleeps"],["śīte","on the cold"],["mahītale","on the ground","",[["mahī","earth"],["tala","surface"]]]]},{"v":27,"ref":"3.015.027","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"so 'pi velām imāṃ nūnam abhiṣekārtham udyataḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vṛtaḥ prakṛtibhir nityaṃ prayāti sarayūṃ nadīm","q":null}],"tr":"He too, surely, ready at this very hour to bathe, ever surrounded by his ministers, goes forth to the Sarayū river.","w":[["so 'pi","he too","saḥ api"],["velām","the time, hour"],["imāṃ","this","imām"],["nūnam","surely, certainly"],["abhiṣekārtham","for the sake of bathing","abhiṣeka-artham",[["abhiṣeka","bathing, ablution"],["artha","purpose"]]],["udyataḥ","ready, prepared"],["vṛtaḥ","surrounded"],["prakṛtibhir","by (his) ministers, subjects","prakṛtibhiḥ"],["nityaṃ","ever, constantly"],["prayāti","goes forth"],["sarayūṃ","Sarayū","sarayūm"],["nadīm","river"]]},{"v":28,"ref":"3.015.028","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"atyantasukhasaṃvṛddhaḥ sukumāro himārditaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kathaṃ tv apararātreṣu sarayūm avagāhate","q":null}],"tr":"Raised in the utmost comfort, delicate, and tormented by the cold — how then, in the last watches of the night, does he plunge into the Sarayū?","w":[["atyantasukhasaṃvṛddhaḥ","raised in the utmost comfort","",[["atyanta","extreme"],["sukha","comfort, ease"],["saṃvṛddha","grown up, reared"]]],["sukumāro","delicate, tender","sukumāraḥ",[["su","very"],["kumāra","youth, tender"]]],["himārditaḥ","tormented by cold","hima-arditaḥ",[["hima","cold, frost"],["ardita","afflicted, tormented"]]],["kathaṃ","how"],["tv","but, indeed","tu"],["apararātreṣu","in the latter watches of the night","",[["apara","latter, later"],["rātra","night"]]],["sarayūm","the Sarayū"],["avagāhate","plunges into, bathes in"]]},{"v":29,"ref":"3.015.029","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"padmapatrekṣaṇaḥ śyāmaḥ śrīmān nirudaro mahān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dharmajñaḥ satyavādī ca hrī niṣedho jitendriyaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Lotus-petal-eyed, dark-hued, glorious, slender-waisted and lofty, a knower of dharma, truthful, restrained by modesty, master of his senses,","w":[["padmapatrekṣaṇaḥ","lotus-petal-eyed","padma-patra-īkṣaṇaḥ",[["padma","lotus"],["patra","leaf, petal"],["īkṣaṇa","eye, look"]]],["śyāmaḥ","dark-hued"],["śrīmān","glorious, majestic"],["nirudaro","slender-waisted (lit. lean-bellied)","nirudaraḥ",[["nir","without"],["udara","belly"]]],["mahān","great, tall"],["dharmajñaḥ","a knower of dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["jña","knower"]]],["satyavādī","truthful, truth-speaking","",[["satya","truth"],["vādin","speaking"]]],["ca","and"],["hrī niṣedho","restrained by modesty","hrī-niṣedhaḥ",[["hrī","modesty, shame"],["niṣedha","restraint, holding back"]]],["jitendriyaḥ","having conquered the senses","jita-indriyaḥ",[["jita","conquered"],["indriya","sense"]]]]},{"v":30,"ref":"3.015.030","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"priyābhibhāṣī madhuro dīrghabāhur ariṃdamaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"saṃtyajya vividhān saukhyān āryaṃ sarvātmanāśritaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"kindly in speech, gentle, long-armed, a subduer of foes — having abandoned pleasures of every kind, he has with his whole heart taken to the noble (way of his brother).","w":[["priyābhibhāṣī","speaking kindly","priya-abhibhāṣī",[["priya","dear, pleasant"],["abhibhāṣin","addressing, speaking"]]],["madhuro","sweet, gentle","madhuraḥ"],["dīrghabāhur","long-armed","dīrghabāhuḥ",[["dīrgha","long"],["bāhu","arm"]]],["ariṃdamaḥ","subduer of foes","",[["ari","enemy"],["dama","subduer"]]],["saṃtyajya","having abandoned"],["vividhān","various, manifold"],["saukhyān","pleasures, comforts"],["āryaṃ","the noble one / the noble (path)"],["sarvātmanāśritaḥ","having resorted (to it) with his whole self","sarvātmanā āśritaḥ",[["sarva","whole, all"],["ātman","self"],["āśrita","resorting to, taking refuge in"]]]]},{"v":31,"ref":"3.015.031","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"jitaḥ svargas tava bhrātrā bharatena mahātmanā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vanastham api tāpasye yas tvām anuvidhīyate","q":null}],"tr":"Heaven has been won by your great-souled brother Bharata, who, though you dwell in the forest, conforms himself to you in the ascetic's life.","w":[["jitaḥ","won, conquered"],["svargas","heaven","svargaḥ"],["tava","your"],["bhrātrā","by (your) brother"],["bharatena","by Bharata"],["mahātmanā","the great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["vanastham","dwelling in the forest","vana-stham",[["vana","forest"],["stha","staying, dwelling"]]],["api","although, even"],["tāpasye","in ascetic practice"],["yas","who","yaḥ"],["tvām","you"],["anuvidhīyate","conforms himself, models himself (after)"]]},{"v":32,"ref":"3.015.032","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"na pitryam anuvarntante mātṛkaṃ dvipadā iti","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"khyāto lokapravādo 'yaṃ bharatenānyathākṛtaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"'Bipeds do not follow the father's nature, but the mother's' — this well-known popular saying has been proved otherwise by Bharata.","w":[["na","not"],["pitryam","the paternal (nature)"],["anuvarntante","they follow after","anuvartante"],["mātṛkaṃ","the maternal (nature)"],["dvipadā","bipeds, two-footed beings","dvipadāḥ",[["dvi","two"],["pada","foot"]]],["iti","thus (goes the saying)"],["khyāto","well-known, famous","khyātaḥ"],["lokapravādo","popular saying, common report","lokapravādaḥ",[["loka","people, world"],["pravāda","saying, rumour"]]],["'yaṃ","this","ayaṃ"],["bharatenānyathākṛtaḥ","made otherwise by Bharata","bharatena anyathākṛtaḥ",[["anyathā","otherwise"],["kṛta","made"]]]]},{"v":33,"ref":"3.015.033","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bhartā daśaratho yasyāḥ sādhuś ca bharataḥ sutaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kathaṃ nu sāmbā kaikeyī tādṛśī krūradarśinī","q":null}],"tr":"She whose husband was Daśaratha and whose son is the good Bharata — how could that mother Kaikeyī be so cruel of intent?","w":[["bhartā","the husband"],["daśaratho","Daśaratha","daśarathaḥ"],["yasyāḥ","of whom (fem.)"],["sādhuś","good, virtuous","sādhuḥ"],["ca","and"],["bharataḥ","Bharata"],["sutaḥ","the son"],["kathaṃ nu","how indeed"],["sāmbā","she, the mother (with 'ambā')","sā ambā"],["kaikeyī","Kaikeyī"],["tādṛśī","of such a kind"],["krūradarśinī","cruel of aspect/intent","",[["krūra","cruel, harsh"],["darśin","seeing, looking, minded"]]]]},{"v":34,"ref":"3.015.034","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ity evaṃ lakṣmaṇe vākyaṃ snehād bruvati dharmike","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"parivādaṃ jananyās tam asahan rāghavo 'bravīt","q":null}],"tr":"When the righteous Lakṣmaṇa was speaking these words thus out of affection, Rāghava, unable to bear that censure of his mother, said:","w":[["ity evaṃ","thus, in this way","iti evaṃ"],["lakṣmaṇe","when Lakṣmaṇa","lakṣmaṇe (loc. abs.)"],["vākyaṃ","the words, speech"],["snehād","out of affection","snehāt"],["bruvati","was speaking","bruvati (loc. abs.)"],["dharmike","the righteous","dharmike (loc. abs.)"],["parivādaṃ","the censure, reproach"],["jananyās","of the mother","jananyāḥ"],["tam","that"],["asahan","not bearing, unable to endure"],["rāghavo","Rāghava","rāghavaḥ"],["'bravīt","said","abravīt"]]},{"v":35,"ref":"3.015.035","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"na te 'mbā madhyamā tāta garhitavyā kathaṃ cana","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tām evekṣvākunāthasya bharatasya kathāṃ kuru","q":null}],"tr":"“Our middle mother, dear brother, is in no way to be blamed by you; speak only that story of Bharata, lord of the Ikṣvākus.","w":[["na","not"],["te","by you"],["'mbā","the mother","ambā"],["madhyamā","the middle one"],["tāta","dear one, my child"],["garhitavyā","to be blamed, censured"],["kathaṃ cana","in any way"],["tām","that"],["evekṣvākunāthasya","only, of the lord of the Ikṣvākus","eva ikṣvākunāthasya",[["ikṣvāku","Ikṣvāku (dynasty)"],["nātha","lord"]]],["bharatasya","of Bharata"],["kathāṃ","the story, talk"],["kuru","make, tell"]]},{"v":36,"ref":"3.015.036","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"niścitāpi hi me buddhir vanavāse dṛḍhavratā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bharatasnehasaṃtaptā bāliśī kriyate punaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"For though my mind is firmly resolved, steadfast in its vow of forest-dwelling, when scorched by affection for Bharata it is made childish again.”","w":[["niścitāpi","although resolved, determined","niścitā api"],["hi","for, indeed"],["me","my"],["buddhir","the mind, resolve","buddhiḥ"],["vanavāse","in forest-dwelling","",[["vana","forest"],["vāsa","dwelling"]]],["dṛḍhavratā","of firm vow, steadfast","",[["dṛḍha","firm"],["vrata","vow"]]],["bharatasnehasaṃtaptā","scorched by affection for Bharata","",[["bharata","Bharata"],["sneha","affection"],["saṃtapta","scorched, tormented"]]],["bāliśī","childish, foolish"],["kriyate","is made, is rendered"],["punaḥ","again"]]},{"v":37,"ref":"3.015.037","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ity evaṃ vilapaṃs tatra prāpya godāvarīṃ nadīm","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"cakre 'bhiṣekaṃ kākutsthaḥ sānujaḥ saha sītayā","q":null}],"tr":"Lamenting thus there, and having reached the Godāvarī river, Kākutstha, with his younger brother and with Sītā, performed his ablution.","w":[["ity evaṃ","thus, in this way","iti evaṃ"],["vilapaṃs","lamenting","vilapan"],["tatra","there"],["prāpya","having reached"],["godāvarīṃ","the Godāvarī","godāvarīm"],["nadīm","river"],["cakre","made, performed"],["'bhiṣekaṃ","the ablution, bathing","abhiṣekaṃ"],["kākutsthaḥ","Kākutstha (descendant of Kakutstha)"],["sānujaḥ","with his younger brother","sa-anujaḥ",[["sa","with"],["anuja","younger brother"]]],["saha sītayā","together with Sītā"]]},{"v":38,"ref":"3.015.038","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tarpayitvātha salilais te pitṝn daivatāni ca","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"stuvanti smoditaṃ sūryaṃ devatāś ca samāhitāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Then, having satisfied the ancestors and the gods with water-offerings, they, composed in mind, praised the risen sun and the deities.","w":[["tarpayitvātha","and having satisfied (with libations)","tarpayitvā atha"],["salilais","with water","salilaiḥ"],["te","they"],["pitṝn","the ancestors, fathers"],["daivatāni","the deities"],["ca","and"],["stuvanti","they praise","stuvanti"],["smoditaṃ","(past particle) the risen","sma uditaṃ"],["sūryaṃ","the sun"],["devatāś","the deities","devatāḥ"],["ca","and"],["samāhitāḥ","composed, attentive"]]},{"v":39,"ref":"3.015.039","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kṛtābhiṣekaḥ sa rarāja rāmaḥ sītādvitīyaḥ saha lakṣmaṇena","q":["kṛtābhiṣekaḥ sa rarāja rāmaḥ","sītādvitīyaḥ saha lakṣmaṇena"]},{"p":"c","t":"kṛtābhiṣekas tv agarājaputryā rudraḥ sanandir bhagavān iveśaḥ","q":["kṛtābhiṣekas tv agarājaputryā","rudraḥ sanandir bhagavān iveśaḥ"]}],"tr":"Having bathed, Rāma shone forth with Sītā as his second and together with Lakṣmaṇa, like the lord Rudra, the blessed god, after bathing, with the daughter of the mountain-king and with Nandin.","w":[["kṛtābhiṣekaḥ","having performed his ablution","kṛta-abhiṣekaḥ",[["kṛta","done, made"],["abhiṣeka","ablution, bathing"]]],["sa","he"],["rarāja","shone, was resplendent"],["rāmaḥ","Rāma"],["sītādvitīyaḥ","having Sītā as his second (companion)","sītā-dvitīyaḥ",[["sītā","Sītā"],["dvitīya","second, companion"]]],["saha lakṣmaṇena","together with Lakṣmaṇa"],["kṛtābhiṣekas","having bathed","kṛta-abhiṣekaḥ",[["kṛta","done"],["abhiṣeka","ablution"]]],["tv","and, but","tu"],["agarājaputryā","with the daughter of the mountain-king (Pārvatī)","aga-rāja-putryā",[["aga","mountain"],["rāja","king"],["putrī","daughter"]]],["rudraḥ","Rudra"],["sanandir","together with Nandin","sanandiḥ",[["sa","with"],["nandin","Nandin (Śiva's attendant)"]]],["bhagavān","the blessed lord"],["iveśaḥ","like the lord","iva īśaḥ"]]}]}