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Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa, sarga 48: Bharadvāja directs Rāma to Citrakūṭa
Summary. Rāma seeks seclusion beyond the Gaṅgā–Yamunā confluence, Bharadvāja recommends the food-rich mountain
Sequence
- The next morning they set out toward the meeting of the Gaṅgā and Yamunā (2.48.1–4)
- near day's end Rāma notices smoke, hears the waters meeting, and sees cut timber and signs of a hermitage → they reach the muni Bharadvāja’s dwelling at Prayāga (2.48.5–8)
- Rāma introduces himself, Lakṣmaṇa, and Sītā and explains why they have come to live in the forest (2.48.9–15)
- Bharadvāja receives him with a cow, the arghya guest-offering, and water, welcomes him, and invites them to remain at the sacred confluence (2.48.16–20)
- Rāma explains that the site is too close to settlements: visitors will come to see him and Sītā → he asks for a more secluded place where they can live peacefully (2.48.21–24)
- Bharadvāja recommends Citrakūṭa, ten krośas away, with abundant food, animals, and places frequented by maharṣis → they spend the night as his guests, and at dawn he sends them toward the mountain. (2.48.25–36)
Verses 2.48.1–36
2.48.1
te tu tasmin mahāvṛkṣa uṣitvā rajanīṃ śivām
vimale 'bhyudite sūrye tasmād deśāt pratasthire
Having passed a comfortable night beneath that great tree, when the sun had risen clear they set out from that spot.
Words: te — they; tu — and, but; tasmin — under that; mahāvṛkṣa — great tree; uṣitvā — having dwelt, spent (the night); rajanīṃ — the night; śivām — auspicious, comfortable; vimale — when clear; 'bhyudite — when risen; sūrye — the sun (having risen); tasmād — from that; deśāt — spot, place; pratasthire — they set out
2.48.2
yatra bhāgīrathī gaṅgā yamunām abhivartate
jagmus taṃ deśam uddiśya vigāhya sumahad vanam
Making for that spot where the Bhāgīrathī Gaṅgā flows toward the Yamunā, they went on, plunging through a very great forest.
Words: yatra — where; bhāgīrathī — the Bhāgīrathī (Gaṅgā); gaṅgā — the Gaṅgā; yamunām — the Yamunā; abhivartate — flows toward, approaches; jagmus — they went; taṃ — that; deśam — spot, region; uddiśya — making for, aiming at; vigāhya — having plunged into; sumahad — very great; vanam — forest
2.48.3
te bhūmim āgān vividhān deśāṃś cāpi manoramān
adṛṣṭapūrvān paśyantas tatra tatra yaśasvinaḥ
Those illustrious ones came upon land and various delightful regions never seen before, gazing at them here and there.
Words: te — they; bhūmim — land, ground; āgān — they came to; vividhān — various; deśāṃś — regions; cāpi — and also; manoramān — delightful, pleasing to the mind; adṛṣṭapūrvān — never seen before; paśyantas — gazing, seeing; tatra tatra — here and there; yaśasvinaḥ — the illustrious ones
2.48.4
yathākṣemeṇa gacchan sa paśyaṃś ca vividhān drumān
nivṛttamātre divase rāmaḥ saumitrim abravīt
Going along safely and gazing at trees of many kinds, when the day had just turned to its close Rāma said to the son of Sumitrā:
Words: yathākṣemeṇa — safely, in comfort; gacchan — going; sa — he; paśyaṃś — gazing; ca — and; vividhān — various; drumān — trees; nivṛttamātre — when it had just turned (closed); divase — the day; rāmaḥ — Rāma; saumitrim — to the son of Sumitrā (Lakṣmaṇa); abravīt — said
2.48.5
prayāgam abhitaḥ paśya saumitre dhūmam unnatam
agner bhagavataḥ ketuṃ manye saṃnihito muniḥ
“Look, son of Sumitrā, at the smoke rising high all about Prayāga—I take it for the banner of the blessed fire-god; the sage must be near at hand.”
Words: prayāgam — Prayāga; abhitaḥ — all about, around; paśya — look, behold; saumitre — O son of Sumitrā; dhūmam — the smoke; unnatam — rising high, lofty; agner — of the fire (god); bhagavataḥ — of the blessed one; ketuṃ — banner, sign; manye — I think, take it for; saṃnihito — is near at hand; muniḥ — the sage
2.48.6
nūnaṃ prāptāḥ sma saṃbhedaṃ gaṅgāyamunayor vayam
tathā hi śrūyate śambdo vāriṇā vārighaṭṭitaḥ
“Surely we have reached the meeting of the Gaṅgā and the Yamunā, for so is heard the sound of water dashed against water.”
Words: nūnaṃ — surely, certainly; prāptāḥ — reached, arrived at; sma — (with prāptāḥ = have reached); saṃbhedaṃ — the confluence, meeting; gaṅgāyamunayor — of the Gaṅgā and Yamunā; vayam — we; tathā hi — for so, indeed; śrūyate — is heard; śambdo — the sound; vāriṇā — by the water; vārighaṭṭitaḥ — water dashed (against water)
2.48.7
dārūṇi paribhinnāni vanajair upajīvibhiḥ
bharadvājāśrame caite dṛśyante vividhā drumāḥ
“Here are logs cut up by those who live off the forest, and at Bharadvāja's āśrama these trees of many kinds are seen.”
Words: dārūṇi — logs, pieces of wood; paribhinnāni — split, cut up; vanajair — by forest-dwellers; upajīvibhiḥ — by those living off (it); bharadvājāśrame — at Bharadvāja's āśrama; caite — and these; dṛśyante — are seen; vividhā — various; drumāḥ — trees
2.48.8
dhanvinau tau sukhaṃ gatvā lambamāne divākare
gaṅgāyamunayoḥ saṃdhau prāpatur nilayaṃ muneḥ
The two bowmen, travelling easily, as the sun was sinking, arrived at the sage's dwelling at the junction of the Gaṅgā and Yamunā.
Words: dhanvinau — the two bowmen; tau — those two; sukhaṃ — easily, comfortably; gatvā — having gone; lambamāne — as it was hanging low, sinking; divākare — the sun (sinking); gaṅgāyamunayoḥ — of the Gaṅgā and Yamunā; saṃdhau — at the junction, meeting; prāpatur — the two reached; nilayaṃ — dwelling, abode; muneḥ — of the sage
2.48.9
rāmas tv āśramam āsādya trāsayan mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ
gatvā muhūrtam adhvānaṃ bharadvājam upāgamat
Rāma, reaching the āśrama and startling the beasts and birds, after going a little way came up to Bharadvāja.
Words: rāmas — Rāma; tv — and, but; āśramam — the āśrama; āsādya — having reached, approached; trāsayan — startling, frightening; mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ — the beasts and birds; gatvā — having gone; muhūrtam — for a moment, a little while; adhvānaṃ — (along) the way, road; bharadvājam — to Bharadvāja; upāgamat — came up to, approached
2.48.10
tatas tv āśramam āsādya muner darśanakāṅkṣiṇau
sītayānugatau vīrau dūrād evāvatasthatuḥ
Then, having reached the āśrama and longing for a sight of the sage, the two heroes, followed by Sītā, halted while still at a distance.
Words: tatas — then; tv — and, but; āśramam — the āśrama; āsādya — having reached; muner — of the sage; darśanakāṅkṣiṇau — the two longing for a sight; sītayānugatau — followed by Sītā; vīrau — the two heroes; dūrād — from afar; evāvatasthatuḥ — indeed the two halted
2.48.11
hutāgnihotraṃ dṛṣṭvaiva mahābhāgaṃ kṛtāñjaliḥ
rāmaḥ saumitriṇā sārdhaṃ sītayā cābhyavādayat
The moment he saw the greatly blessed one who had offered the fire-oblation, Rāma, with folded hands, together with the son of Sumitrā and with Sītā, made obeisance.
Words: hutāgnihotraṃ — who had offered the fire-oblation; dṛṣṭvaiva — the moment he saw; mahābhāgaṃ — the greatly blessed one; kṛtāñjaliḥ — with folded hands; rāmaḥ — Rāma; saumitriṇā — with the son of Sumitrā; sārdhaṃ — together with; sītayā — with Sītā; cābhyavādayat — and made obeisance, saluted
2.48.12
nyavedayata cātmānaṃ tasmai lakṣmaṇapūrvajaḥ
putrau daśarathasyāvāṃ bhagavan rāmalakṣmaṇau
And the elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa announced himself to him: “We two, revered one, are Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, the sons of Daśaratha.”
Words: nyavedayata — announced, made known; cātmānaṃ — and himself; tasmai — to him; lakṣmaṇapūrvajaḥ — the elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa; putrau — the two sons; daśarathasyāvāṃ — we two, of Daśaratha; bhagavan — O revered one; rāmalakṣmaṇau — Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa
2.48.13
bhāryā mameyaṃ vaidehī kalyāṇī janakātmajā
māṃ cānuyātā vijanaṃ tapovanam aninditā
“This is my wife, the Videhan princess, the auspicious daughter of Janaka, and, blameless, she has followed me to the solitary penance-grove.”
Words: bhāryā — wife; mameyaṃ — this (is) mine; vaidehī — the Videhan (princess); kalyāṇī — auspicious, fair; janakātmajā — daughter of Janaka; māṃ — me; cānuyātā — and has followed; vijanaṃ — to the solitary (place); tapovanam — the penance-grove; aninditā — the blameless one
2.48.14
pitrā pravrājyamānaṃ māṃ saumitrir anujaḥ priyaḥ
ayam anvagamad bhrātā vanam eva dṛḍhavrataḥ
“As I was being sent into exile by my father, this my dear younger brother, the son of Sumitrā, firm in his vow, followed me into the very forest.”
Words: pitrā — by (my) father; pravrājyamānaṃ — being sent into exile; māṃ — me; saumitrir — the son of Sumitrā; anujaḥ — the younger brother; priyaḥ — dear; ayam — this; anvagamad — followed; bhrātā — brother; vanam — into the forest; eva — the very; dṛḍhavrataḥ — firm in vow
2.48.15
pitrā niyuktā bhagavan praveṣyāmas tapovanam
dharmam evācariṣyāmas tatra mūlaphalāśanāḥ
“Enjoined by my father, revered one, we shall enter the penance-grove; there, living on roots and fruits, we shall practise dharma alone.”
Words: pitrā — by (my) father; niyuktā — enjoined, appointed; bhagavan — O revered one; praveṣyāmas — we shall enter; tapovanam — the penance-grove; dharmam — dharma, righteousness; evācariṣyāmas — alone we shall practise; tatra — there; mūlaphalāśanāḥ — eating roots and fruits
2.48.16
tasya tadvacanaṃ śrutvā rājaputrasya dhīmataḥ
upānayata dharmātmā gām arghyam udakaṃ tataḥ
Hearing that speech of the wise prince, the righteous one then brought forward a cow, the arghya-offering and water.
Words: tasya — his, of that; tadvacanaṃ — that speech; śrutvā — having heard; rājaputrasya — of the prince; dhīmataḥ — of the wise one; upānayata — brought forward, offered; dharmātmā — the righteous one; gām — a cow; arghyam — the arghya (respectful offering); udakaṃ — water; tataḥ — then
2.48.17
mṛgapakṣibhir āsīno munibhiś ca samantataḥ
rāmam āgatam abhyarcya svāgatenāha taṃ muniḥ
Seated amid beasts and birds and sages on every side, the sage, having honoured the arriving Rāma, addressed him with a word of welcome.
Words: mṛgapakṣibhir — by beasts and birds; āsīno — seated; munibhiś — by sages; ca — and; samantataḥ — on every side, all around; rāmam — Rāma; āgatam — arrived, come; abhyarcya — having honoured, worshipped; svāgatenāha — addressed with a welcome; taṃ — him; muniḥ — the sage
2.48.18
pratigṛhya ca tām arcām upaviṣṭaṃ sarāghavam
bharadvājo 'bravīd vākyaṃ dharmayuktam idaṃ tadā
And when Rāma, having received that honour, was seated together with the Rāghava (Lakṣmaṇa), Bharadvāja then spoke this speech in accord with dharma:
Words: pratigṛhya — having received, accepted; ca — and; tām — that; arcām — honour, worship; upaviṣṭaṃ — seated; sarāghavam — together with the Rāghava (Lakṣmaṇa); bharadvājo — Bharadvāja; 'bravīd — spoke; vākyaṃ — speech, words; dharmayuktam — in accord with dharma; idaṃ — this; tadā — then
2.48.19
cirasya khalu kākutstha paśyāmi tvām ihāgatam
śrutaṃ tava mayā cedaṃ vivāsanam akāraṇam
“After a long time indeed, O Kākutstha, I see you come here; and I have heard this of your banishment, which was without cause.”
Words: cirasya — after a long time; khalu — indeed; kākutstha — O Kākutstha (descendant of Kakutstha); paśyāmi — I see; tvām — you; ihāgatam — come here; śrutaṃ — heard; tava — of you, your; mayā — by me; cedaṃ — and this; vivāsanam — banishment, exile; akāraṇam — without cause
2.48.20
avakāśo vivikto 'yaṃ mahānadyoḥ samāgame
puṇyaś ca ramaṇīyaś ca vasatv iha bhagān sukham
“This is a secluded open spot at the meeting of the great rivers, holy and delightful; let your Honour dwell here in comfort.”
Words: avakāśo — open spot, space; vivikto — secluded; 'yaṃ — this; mahānadyoḥ — of the great rivers; samāgame — at the meeting, confluence; puṇyaś — holy; ca — and; ramaṇīyaś — delightful; ca — and; vasatv — let (him) dwell; iha — here; bhagān — your Honour (bhavān); sukham — comfortably, in ease
2.48.21
evam uktas tu vacanaṃ bharadvājena rāghavaḥ
pratyuvāca śubhaṃ vākyaṃ rāmaḥ sarvahite rataḥ
Thus addressed by Bharadvāja with that speech, the Rāghava Rāma, devoted to the good of all, replied with an auspicious word:
Words: evam — thus; uktas — addressed, spoken to; tu — but, and; vacanaṃ — with the speech; bharadvājena — by Bharadvāja; rāghavaḥ — the Rāghava; pratyuvāca — replied; śubhaṃ — auspicious; vākyaṃ — speech, words; rāmaḥ — Rāma; sarvahite — in the good of all; rataḥ — devoted, delighting
2.48.22
bhagavann ita āsannaḥ paurajānapado janaḥ
āgamiṣyati vaidehīṃ māṃ cāpi prekṣako janaḥ
anena kāraṇenāham iha vāsaṃ na rocaye
“Revered one, from here the townsfolk and country-folk are near; people come as onlookers to see the Videhan lady and myself—for this reason I do not favour dwelling here.”
Words: bhagavann — O revered one; ita — from here; āsannaḥ — is near, close by; paurajānapado — of town and country; janaḥ — the folk, people; āgamiṣyati — will come; vaidehīṃ — the Videhan lady; māṃ — me; cāpi — and also; prekṣako — as onlooker, spectator; janaḥ — the folk, people; anena — by this; kāraṇenāham — for the reason, I; iha — here; vāsaṃ — dwelling, residence; na — not; rocaye — I favour, take pleasure in
2.48.23
ekānte paśya bhagavann āśramasthānam uttamam
ramate yatra vaidehī sukhārhā janakātmajā
“Look out, revered one, in a solitary place for an excellent site for a hermitage, where the Videhan princess, daughter of Janaka, who deserves comfort, may find delight.”
Words: ekānte — in a solitary place; paśya — look, seek out; bhagavann — O revered one; āśramasthānam — a site for a hermitage; uttamam — excellent, best; ramate — may delight, find pleasure; yatra — where; vaidehī — the Videhan (princess); sukhārhā — deserving comfort; janakātmajā — daughter of Janaka
2.48.24
etac chrutvā śubhaṃ vākyaṃ bharadvājo mahāmuniḥ
rāghavasya tato vākyam artha grāhakam abravīt
Hearing this auspicious speech of the Rāghava, the great sage Bharadvāja then spoke words full of meaning:
Words: etac — this; chrutvā — having heard; śubhaṃ — auspicious; vākyaṃ — speech, words; bharadvājo — Bharadvāja; mahāmuniḥ — the great sage; rāghavasya — of the Rāghava; tato — then; vākyam — speech, words; artha — meaningful, substantive; grāhakam — conveying, holding (the sense); abravīt — spoke, said
2.48.25
daśakrośa itas tāta girir yasmin nivatsyasi
maharṣisevitaḥ puṇyaḥ sarvataḥ sukha darśanaḥ
“Ten krośas from here, my child, is a mountain on which you shall dwell, frequented by great seers, holy, on every side fair to look upon.”
Words: daśakrośa — ten krośas (away); itas — from here; tāta — my child, dear one; girir — mountain; yasmin — on which; nivatsyasi — you shall dwell; maharṣisevitaḥ — frequented by great seers; puṇyaḥ — holy; sarvataḥ — on every side; sukha — pleasant; darśanaḥ — to look upon, in appearance
2.48.26
golāṅgūlānucarito vānararkṣaniṣevitaḥ
citrakūṭa iti khyāto gandhamādanasaṃnibhaḥ
“Roamed by langurs and haunted by monkeys and bears, it is renowned as Citrakūṭa, resembling Gandhamādana.”
Words: golāṅgūlānucarito — roamed by langurs; vānararkṣaniṣevitaḥ — haunted by monkeys and bears; citrakūṭa — Citrakūṭa; iti — thus, so; khyāto — renowned, known; gandhamādanasaṃnibhaḥ — resembling Gandhamādana
2.48.27
yāvatā citra kūṭasya naraḥ śṛṅgāṇy avekṣate
kalyāṇāni samādhatte na pāpe kurute manaḥ
“As long as a man beholds the peaks of Citrakūṭa, he accomplishes auspicious deeds and sets not his mind on evil.”
Words: yāvatā — as long as, in so far as; citra — of Citra(kūṭa); kūṭasya — of the peak(-mountain); naraḥ — a man; śṛṅgāṇy — the peaks; avekṣate — beholds, looks upon; kalyāṇāni — auspicious (deeds); samādhatte — accomplishes, undertakes; na — not; pāpe — on evil, sin; kurute — sets, makes; manaḥ — the mind
2.48.28
ṛṣayas tatra bahavo vihṛtya śaradāṃ śatam
tapasā divam ārūḍhāḥ kapālaśirasā saha
“Many seers there, having sported for a hundred autumns, mounted to heaven through their austerity, together with Kapālaśiras.”
Words: ṛṣayas — seers; tatra — there; bahavo — many; vihṛtya — having sported, disported themselves; śaradāṃ — of autumns (years); śatam — a hundred; tapasā — by austerity; divam — to heaven; ārūḍhāḥ — mounted, ascended; kapālaśirasā — with Kapālaśiras; saha — together with
2.48.29
praviviktam ahaṃ manye taṃ vāsaṃ bhavataḥ sukham
iha vā vanavāsāya vasa rāma mayā saha
“I hold that dwelling there to be secluded and comfortable for you; or else, Rāma, dwell here with me for your forest life.”
Words: praviviktam — secluded, retired; ahaṃ — I; manye — think, hold; taṃ — that; vāsaṃ — dwelling, residence; bhavataḥ — for your Honour; sukham — comfortable, pleasant; iha — here; vā — or; vanavāsāya — for forest-dwelling; vasa — dwell; rāma — O Rāma; mayā — with me; saha — together with
2.48.30
sa rāmaṃ sarvakāmais taṃ bharadvājaḥ priyātithim
sabhāryaṃ saha ca bhrātrā pratijagrāha dharmavit
That Bharadvāja, knower of dharma, received Rāma, his welcome guest, with all objects of desire, together with his wife and his brother.
Words: sa — he; rāmaṃ — Rāma; sarvakāmais — with all desirable things; taṃ — that, him; bharadvājaḥ — Bharadvāja; priyātithim — the welcome guest; sabhāryaṃ — together with his wife; saha — together with; ca — and; bhrātrā — with (his) brother; pratijagrāha — received, welcomed; dharmavit — knower of dharma
2.48.31
tasya prayāge rāmasya taṃ maharṣim upeyuṣaḥ
prapannā rajanī puṇyā citrāḥ kathayataḥ kathāḥ
For Rāma, who at Prayāga had come to that great seer and was telling wondrous tales, the holy night set in.
Words: tasya — his, of him; prayāge — at Prayāga; rāmasya — of Rāma; taṃ — that; maharṣim — the great seer; upeyuṣaḥ — who had come to, approached; prapannā — set in, arrived; rajanī — the night; puṇyā — holy; citrāḥ — wondrous, varied; kathayataḥ — (of him) telling, relating; kathāḥ — tales, stories
2.48.32
prabhātāyāṃ rajanyāṃ tu bharadvājam upāgamat
uvāca naraśārdūlo muniṃ jvalitatejasaṃ
When the night had brightened into dawn, that tiger among men went up to Bharadvāja and spoke to the sage of blazing splendour:
Words: prabhātāyāṃ — having brightened (into dawn); rajanyāṃ — the night; tu — but, and; bharadvājam — to Bharadvāja; upāgamat — went up to, approached; uvāca — spoke, said; naraśārdūlo — the tiger among men; muniṃ — to the sage; jvalitatejasaṃ — of blazing splendour
2.48.33
śarvarīṃ bhavanann adya satyaśīla tavāśrame
uṣitāḥ smeha vasatim anujānātu no bhavān
“O you of truthful conduct, having spent the night today in your āśrama, we have lodged here; let your Honour give us leave.”
Words: śarvarīṃ — the night; bhavanann — dwelling, staying; adya — today; satyaśīla — O you of truthful conduct; tavāśrame — in your āśrama; uṣitāḥ — having dwelt, stayed; smeha — we (are) here; vasatim — the lodging, stay; anujānātu — let (him) give leave, permit; no — us; bhavān — your Honour
2.48.34
rātryāṃ tu tasyāṃ vyuṣṭāyāṃ bharadvājo 'bravīd idam
madhumūlaphalopetaṃ citrakūṭaṃ vrajeti ha
When that night had passed, Bharadvāja said this: “Go to Citrakūṭa, well-supplied with honey, roots and fruits.”
Words: rātryāṃ — the night; tu — but, and; tasyāṃ — that; vyuṣṭāyāṃ — having passed, being spent; bharadvājo — Bharadvāja; 'bravīd — said, spoke; idam — this; madhumūlaphalopetaṃ — supplied with honey, roots and fruits; citrakūṭaṃ — to Citrakūṭa; vrajeti — ‘go’; ha — indeed
2.48.35
tatra kuñjarayūthāni mṛgayūthāni cābhitaḥ
vicaranti vanānteṣu tāni drakṣyasi rāghava
“There herds of elephants and herds of deer roam about on every side within the forest tracts; those you shall see, O Rāghava.”
Words: tatra — there; kuñjarayūthāni — herds of elephants; mṛgayūthāni — herds of deer; cābhitaḥ — and on every side; vicaranti — roam about, range; vanānteṣu — in the forest tracts; tāni — those; drakṣyasi — you shall see; rāghava — O Rāghava
2.48.36
prahṛṣṭakoyaṣṭikakokilasvanair vināditaṃ taṃ vasudhādharaṃ śivam
mṛgaiś ca mattair bahubhiś ca kuñjaraiḥ suramyam āsādya samāvasāśramam
mṛgaiś ca mattair bahubhiś ca kuñjaraiḥ
suramyam āsādya samāvasāśramam
Reaching that auspicious, most lovely mountain, resounding with the cries of joyous lapwings and cuckoos and with the many rutting deer and elephants, take up your dwelling in a hermitage there.
Words: prahṛṣṭakoyaṣṭikakokilasvanair — with the cries of joyous lapwings and cuckoos; vināditaṃ — resounding, made to resound; taṃ — that; vasudhādharaṃ — mountain (earth-bearer); śivam — auspicious; mṛgaiś — with deer; ca — and; mattair — rutting, in rut; bahubhiś — many; ca — and; kuñjaraiḥ — with elephants; suramyam — most lovely, delightful; āsādya — having reached; samāvasāśramam — take up dwelling in a hermitage
← 2.47 Rāma grieves and asks Lakṣmaṇa to return · Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa · 2.49 The raft across the Yamunā →
Composed by Maharṣi Vālmīki, the ādikavi of the ādikāvya: the first poet of the first poem. Sanskrit: The Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa: Critical Edition, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1960–1975 (gen. eds. G. H. Bhatt, U. P. Shah); IAST from GRETIL (Göttingen). Translation and word glosses: Claude Opus 4.6–4.7; summaries and sequences: ChatGPT Astra (machine-made). Numbering follows the Critical Edition, not the vulgate (e.g. Gita Press, valmikiramayan.net), so sarga and verse numbers can differ from those editions.
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