{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":99,"title":"Rāma explains Daśaratha’s obligations","sentence":"The marriage pledge and wartime boons bind the succession, Bharata & Śatrughna must govern while Rāma & Lakṣmaṇa remain in the forest","portion":"The dispute over Kingship and duty","sequence":[[{"steps":["Rāma acknowledges that Bharata's appeal is worthy of their family (99.1–2)"],"from":1,"to":2,"sarga":99},{"steps":["he recalls Daśaratha's promise of the Kingdom as a bride-price to Kaikeyī's father at her marriage, followed by the boons granted to Kaikeyī after the war between Devas and asuras","he treats Kaikeyī's later demands as claims their father was bound to fulfill (99.3–6)"],"from":3,"to":6,"sarga":99},{"steps":["his own part is the fourteen-year exile; Bharata's is to accept abhiṣeka (99.7–9)"],"from":7,"to":9,"sarga":99},{"steps":["he urges Bharata to free their father from his debt, citing Gaya's explanation that a son is called putra because he saves his father from the hell called Put","he recalls the wish for many righteous sons so that at least one may perform the ancestral rites at Gayā (99.10–14)"],"from":10,"to":14,"sarga":99},{"steps":["he tells Bharata to return with Śatrughna and govern the people, while he continues with Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa into Daṇḍaka (99.15–17)"],"from":15,"to":17,"sarga":99},{"steps":["Bharata will have the royal parasol, Rāma the shade of forest trees","with one brother helping each of them, all four can preserve Daśaratha's word (99.18–19)."],"from":18,"to":19,"sarga":99}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.099.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"punar evaṃ bruvāṇaṃ tu bharataṃ lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pratyuvaca tataḥ śrīmāñ jñātimadhye 'tisatkṛtaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Then the glorious elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa (Rāma), highly honoured in the midst of his kinsmen, replied to Bharata, who was speaking thus once more:","w":[["punar","again"],["evaṃ","thus"],["bruvāṇaṃ","speaking"],["tu","but, and"],["bharataṃ","to Bharata"],["lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ","the elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa (Rāma)","",[["lakṣmaṇa","Lakṣmaṇa"],["agraja","elder brother"]]],["pratyuvaca","replied"],["tataḥ","then"],["śrīmāñ","the glorious one","śrīmān"],["jñātimadhye","in the midst of his kinsmen","",[["jñāti","kinsman, relative"],["madhya","middle, midst"]]],["'tisatkṛtaḥ","highly honoured","atisatkṛtaḥ",[["ati","exceedingly"],["satkṛta","honoured, esteemed"]]]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.099.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"upapannam idaṃ vākyaṃ yat tvam evam abhāṣathāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"jātaḥ putro daśarathāt kaikeyyāṃ rājasattamāt","q":null}],"tr":"Fitting is this speech that you have spoken thus, born as you are the son of Daśaratha, best of kings, in the womb of Kaikeyī.","w":[["upapannam","fitting, proper"],["idaṃ vākyaṃ","this speech"],["yat","that, which"],["tvam","you"],["evam","thus"],["abhāṣathāḥ","you have spoken"],["jātaḥ","born"],["putro","the son","putraḥ"],["daśarathāt","from Daśaratha"],["kaikeyyāṃ","in (the womb of) Kaikeyī"],["rājasattamāt","the best of kings","",[["rāja","king"],["sattama","best of"]]]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.099.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"purā bhrātaḥ pitā naḥ sa mātaraṃ te samudvahan","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mātāmahe samāśrauṣīd rājyaśulkam anuttamam","q":null}],"tr":"Long ago, O brother, when our father took your mother in marriage, he promised to her father (your maternal grandfather) the kingdom as an unsurpassed bride-price.","w":[["purā","formerly, long ago"],["bhrātaḥ","O brother"],["pitā naḥ","our father"],["sa","he","saḥ"],["mātaraṃ te","your mother"],["samudvahan","marrying, taking in wedlock"],["mātāmahe","to the maternal grandfather","",[["mātā","mother"],["maha","(grand)father"]]],["samāśrauṣīd","promised, pledged","samāśrauṣīt"],["rājyaśulkam","the kingdom as bride-price","",[["rājya","kingdom"],["śulka","bride-price, fee"]]],["anuttamam","unsurpassed"]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.099.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"devāsure ca saṃgrāme jananyai tava pārthivaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"saṃprahṛṣṭo dadau rājā varam ārādhitaḥ prabhuḥ","q":null}],"tr":"And in the war between gods and asuras, the king, the lord, well pleased and gratified, granted a boon to your mother.","w":[["devāsure","of gods and asuras","",[["deva","god"],["asura","demon, asura"]]],["ca","and"],["saṃgrāme","in the battle"],["jananyai tava","to your mother"],["pārthivaḥ","the king"],["saṃprahṛṣṭo","well pleased","saṃprahṛṣṭaḥ"],["dadau","gave, granted"],["rājā","the king"],["varam","a boon"],["ārādhitaḥ","gratified, propitiated"],["prabhuḥ","the lord"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.099.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tataḥ sā saṃpratiśrāvya tava mātā yaśasvinī","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ayācata naraśreṣṭhaṃ dvau varau varavarṇinī","q":null}],"tr":"Then your illustrious mother, of lovely complexion, having secured his pledge, asked the best of men for two boons.","w":[["tataḥ","then"],["sā","she","sā"],["saṃpratiśrāvya","having exacted his promise"],["tava mātā","your mother"],["yaśasvinī","the illustrious"],["ayācata","asked, begged"],["naraśreṣṭhaṃ","the best of men","",[["nara","man"],["śreṣṭha","best"]]],["dvau varau","two boons"],["varavarṇinī","of lovely complexion","",[["vara","fine, choice"],["varṇin","of (such) hue"]]]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.099.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tava rājyaṃ naravyāghra mama pravrājanaṃ tathā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tac ca rājā tathā tasyai niyuktaḥ pradadau varam","q":null}],"tr":"The kingdom for you, O tiger among men, and my banishment — and the king, bound by his word, granted her that boon accordingly.","w":[["tava rājyaṃ","the kingdom for you"],["naravyāghra","O tiger among men","",[["nara","man"],["vyāghra","tiger"]]],["mama pravrājanaṃ","my banishment"],["tathā","and, likewise"],["tac ca","and that","tat ca"],["rājā","the king"],["tathā","so, accordingly"],["tasyai","to her"],["niyuktaḥ","bound, obligated"],["pradadau","granted, bestowed"],["varam","the boon"]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.099.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tena pitrāham apy atra niyuktaḥ puruṣarṣabha","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"caturdaśa vane vāsaṃ varṣāṇi varadānikam","q":null}],"tr":"By that father I too, O bull among men, was accordingly directed to a dwelling in the forest for fourteen years, as the fulfilment of the boon.","w":[["tena","by that"],["pitrāham","father, I","pitrā aham"],["apy","too","api"],["atra","herein, in this matter"],["niyuktaḥ","was directed, appointed"],["puruṣarṣabha","O bull among men","",[["puruṣa","man"],["ṛṣabha","bull, best of"]]],["caturdaśa","fourteen"],["vane","in the forest"],["vāsaṃ","dwelling, residence"],["varṣāṇi","years"],["varadānikam","as the granting of the boon","",[["vara","boon"],["dānika","pertaining to the gift"]]]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.099.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"so 'haṃ vanam idaṃ prāpto nirjanaṃ lakṣmaṇānvitaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śītayā cāpratidvandvaḥ satyavāde sthitaḥ pituḥ","q":null}],"tr":"So I, peerless, have come to this desolate forest, accompanied by Lakṣmaṇa and Sītā, standing firm in my father's truthfulness.","w":[["so 'haṃ","I, that same one","saḥ ahaṃ"],["vanam idaṃ","this forest"],["prāpto","reached, arrived at","prāptaḥ"],["nirjanaṃ","desolate, uninhabited","",[["nis","without"],["jana","people"]]],["lakṣmaṇānvitaḥ","accompanied by Lakṣmaṇa","lakṣmaṇa-anvitaḥ",[["lakṣmaṇa","Lakṣmaṇa"],["anvita","accompanied by"]]],["śītayā","with Sītā","sītayā"],["cāpratidvandvaḥ","and without a rival, peerless","ca apratidvandvaḥ",[["a","without"],["pratidvandva","adversary, rival"]]],["satyavāde","in truthfulness of speech","",[["satya","truth"],["vāda","speech, word"]]],["sthitaḥ","standing firm, abiding"],["pituḥ","of the father"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.099.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bhavān api tathety eva pitaraṃ satyavādinam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kartum arhati rājendraṃ kṣipram evābhiṣecanāt","q":null}],"tr":"You too, by your 'so be it,' ought to make our father, the lord of kings, a keeper of his word, by promptly accepting the consecration.","w":[["bhavān api","you too"],["tathety","'so be it'","tathā iti"],["eva","indeed"],["pitaraṃ","the father"],["satyavādinam","truthful, a speaker of truth","",[["satya","truth"],["vādin","speaking"]]],["kartum arhati","ought to make"],["rājendraṃ","the lord of kings","",[["rāja","king"],["indra","lord, chief"]]],["kṣipram","quickly"],["evābhiṣecanāt","indeed by the consecration","eva abhiṣecanāt"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.099.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ṛṇān mocaya rājānaṃ matkṛte bharata prabhum","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pitaraṃ trāhi dharmajña mātaraṃ cābhinandaya","q":null}],"tr":"For my sake, Bharata, free the king, the lord, from his debt; save our father, O knower of dharma, and gladden your mother.","w":[["ṛṇān","from the debt","ṛṇāt"],["mocaya","free, release"],["rājānaṃ","the king"],["matkṛte","for my sake","",[["mat","me, my"],["kṛta","for the sake of"]]],["bharata","O Bharata"],["prabhum","the lord"],["pitaraṃ","the father"],["trāhi","save, deliver"],["dharmajña","O knower of dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["jña","knower"]]],["mātaraṃ","the mother"],["cābhinandaya","and gladden, please","ca abhinandaya"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.099.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śrūyate hi purā tāta śrutir gītā yaśasvinī","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"gayena yajamānena gayeṣv eva pitṝn prati","q":null}],"tr":"For it is heard, dear one, that long ago a glorious sacred verse was sung by Gaya while performing sacrifice at Gayā, concerning the ancestors:","w":[["śrūyate hi","for it is heard"],["purā","of old"],["tāta","dear one"],["śrutir","a sacred saying, verse","śrutiḥ"],["gītā","sung"],["yaśasvinī","glorious"],["gayena","by Gaya"],["yajamānena","while sacrificing"],["gayeṣv eva","at Gayā itself","gayeṣu eva"],["pitṝn prati","concerning the ancestors"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.099.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"puṃ nāmnā narakād yasmāt pitaraṃ trāyate sutaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tasmāt putra iti proktaḥ pitṝn yat pāti vā sutaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"“Because a son saves his father from the hell named 'Put,' he is therefore called 'putra' (son) — or so called because a son protects his ancestors.”","w":[["puṃ nāmnā","by the name 'Put'","pum nāmnā"],["narakād","from the hell","narakāt"],["yasmāt","because, from which"],["pitaraṃ","the father"],["trāyate","saves, rescues"],["sutaḥ","the son"],["tasmāt","therefore"],["putra iti","'putra' thus"],["proktaḥ","is called, declared"],["pitṝn","the ancestors"],["yat","because, in that"],["pāti vā","or protects"],["sutaḥ","the son"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.099.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"eṣṭavyā bahavaḥ putrā guṇavanto bahuśrutāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"teṣāṃ vai samavetānām api kaś cid gayāṃ vrajet","q":null}],"tr":"Many sons should be desired, virtuous and deeply learned; for out of them, assembled together, at least one might go to Gayā (to perform the rites).","w":[["eṣṭavyā","should be desired"],["bahavaḥ putrā","many sons"],["guṇavanto","virtuous","guṇavantaḥ"],["bahuśrutāḥ","deeply learned","",[["bahu","much"],["śruta","heard, learned"]]],["teṣāṃ vai","of them indeed"],["samavetānām","of those assembled"],["api kaś cid","even someone, at least one"],["gayāṃ","to Gayā"],["vrajet","might go"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.099.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"evaṃ rājarṣayaḥ sarve pratītā rājanandana","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tasmāt trāhi naraśreṣṭha pitaraṃ narakāt prabho","q":null}],"tr":"Thus all the royal seers are firmly convinced, O delight of kings; therefore, O best of men, save our father from hell, O lord.","w":[["evaṃ","thus"],["rājarṣayaḥ","the royal seers","",[["rāja","royal, king"],["ṛṣi","seer"]]],["sarve","all"],["pratītā","are convinced, hold it established","pratītāḥ"],["rājanandana","O delight of kings","",[["rāja","king"],["nandana","delight, son"]]],["tasmāt","therefore"],["trāhi","save, deliver"],["naraśreṣṭha","O best of men","",[["nara","man"],["śreṣṭha","best"]]],["pitaraṃ","the father"],["narakāt","from hell"],["prabho","O lord"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.099.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ayodhyāṃ gaccha bharata prakṛtīr anurañjaya","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śatrughna sahito vīra saha sarvair dvijātibhiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Go to Ayodhyā, Bharata, and win the affection of the subjects, accompanied by Śatrughna, O hero, together with all the twice-born.","w":[["ayodhyāṃ","to Ayodhyā"],["gaccha","go"],["bharata","O Bharata"],["prakṛtīr","the subjects","prakṛtīḥ"],["anurañjaya","win over, please"],["śatrughna sahito","accompanied by Śatrughna","śatrughna sahitaḥ"],["vīra","O hero"],["saha sarvair","together with all","saha sarvaiḥ"],["dvijātibhiḥ","the twice-born (brahmins)","",[["dvi","twice"],["jāti","birth"]]]]},{"v":16,"ref":"2.099.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"pravekṣye daṇḍakāraṇyam aham apy avilambayan","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ābhyāṃ tu sahito rājan vaidehyā lakṣmaṇena ca","q":null}],"tr":"I too, without delay, shall enter the Daṇḍaka forest, accompanied by these two, O king — by Vaidehī and by Lakṣmaṇa.","w":[["pravekṣye","I shall enter"],["daṇḍakāraṇyam","the Daṇḍaka forest","",[["daṇḍaka","Daṇḍaka"],["araṇya","forest"]]],["aham apy","I too","aham api"],["avilambayan","without delaying"],["ābhyāṃ tu sahito","accompanied by these two","ābhyāṃ tu sahitaḥ"],["rājan","O king"],["vaidehyā","by Vaidehī (Sītā)"],["lakṣmaṇena ca","and by Lakṣmaṇa"]]},{"v":17,"ref":"2.099.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tvaṃ rājā bhava bharata svayaṃ narāṇāṃ vanyānām aham api rājarāṇ mṛgāṇām","q":["tvaṃ rājā bhava bharata svayaṃ narāṇāṃ","vanyānām aham api rājarāṇ mṛgāṇām"]},{"p":"c","t":"gaccha tvaṃ puravaram adya saṃprahṛṣṭaḥ saṃhṛṣṭas tv aham api daṇḍakān pravekṣye","q":["gaccha tvaṃ puravaram adya saṃprahṛṣṭaḥ","saṃhṛṣṭas tv aham api daṇḍakān pravekṣye"]}],"tr":"You, Bharata, be king of men yourself; and I too shall be king of the wild beasts. Go today, well pleased, to the best of cities; and I too, delighted, shall enter the Daṇḍakas.","w":[["tvaṃ","you"],["rājā","king"],["bhava","become, be"],["bharata","O Bharata"],["svayaṃ","yourself"],["narāṇāṃ","of men"],["vanyānām","of the forest (creatures)"],["aham api","I too"],["rājarāṇ","king","rājarāṭ",[["rāja","king"],["rāj","ruler, sovereign"]]],["mṛgāṇām","of the beasts"],["gaccha tvaṃ","go you"],["puravaram","to the best of cities","",[["pura","city"],["vara","best"]]],["adya","today"],["saṃprahṛṣṭaḥ","well pleased"],["saṃhṛṣṭas tv","and delighted","saṃhṛṣṭaḥ tu"],["aham api","I too"],["daṇḍakān","the Daṇḍaka (forests)"],["pravekṣye","shall enter"]]},{"v":18,"ref":"2.099.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"chāyāṃ te dinakarabhāḥ prabādhamānaṃ varṣatraṃ bharata karotu mūrdhni śītām","q":["chāyāṃ te dinakarabhāḥ prabādhamānaṃ","varṣatraṃ bharata karotu mūrdhni śītām"]},{"p":"c","t":"eteṣām aham api kānanadrumāṇāṃ chāyāṃ tām atiśayinīṃ sukhaṃ śrayiṣye","q":["eteṣām aham api kānanadrumāṇāṃ","chāyāṃ tām atiśayinīṃ sukhaṃ śrayiṣye"]}],"tr":"Let the parasol, warding off the sun's rays, cast cool shade upon your head, Bharata; while I too shall happily resort to that surpassing shade of these forest trees.","w":[["chāyāṃ","shade"],["te","for you"],["dinakarabhāḥ","the sun's rays","",[["dinakara","the sun (day-maker)"],["bhā","ray, light"]]],["prabādhamānaṃ","warding off"],["varṣatraṃ","the parasol (rain-shield)","",[["varṣa","rain"],["tra","protection"]]],["bharata","O Bharata"],["karotu","let it make, cast"],["mūrdhni","on the head"],["śītām","cool"],["eteṣām","of these"],["aham api","I too"],["kānanadrumāṇāṃ","of the forest trees","",[["kānana","forest"],["druma","tree"]]],["chāyāṃ tām","that shade"],["atiśayinīṃ","surpassing, excellent"],["sukhaṃ","happily, in comfort"],["śrayiṣye","shall resort to"]]},{"v":19,"ref":"2.099.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śatrughnaḥ kuśalamatis tu te sahāyaḥ saumitrir mama viditaḥ pradhānamitram","q":["śatrughnaḥ kuśalamatis tu te sahāyaḥ","saumitrir mama viditaḥ pradhānamitram"]},{"p":"c","t":"catvāras tanayavarā vayaṃ narendraṃ satyasthaṃ bharata carāma mā viṣādam","q":["catvāras tanayavarā vayaṃ narendraṃ","satyasthaṃ bharata carāma mā viṣādam"]}],"tr":"Skilful-minded Śatrughna is your helper, and Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa) is known as my chief friend; we four, the finest of sons, shall keep the king true to his word — grieve not, Bharata.","w":[["śatrughnaḥ","Śatrughna"],["kuśalamatis","of skilful mind","kuśalamatiḥ",[["kuśala","skilful, expert"],["mati","mind"]]],["tu","and"],["te sahāyaḥ","your helper"],["saumitrir","Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa)","saumitriḥ"],["mama","my"],["viditaḥ","known"],["pradhānamitram","chief friend","",[["pradhāna","chief, principal"],["mitra","friend"]]],["catvāras","four","catvāraḥ"],["tanayavarā","the finest of sons","tanayavarāḥ",[["tanaya","son"],["vara","best, finest"]]],["vayaṃ","we"],["narendraṃ","the lord of men (the king)","",[["nara","man"],["indra","lord"]]],["satyasthaṃ","established in truth","",[["satya","truth"],["stha","standing, abiding"]]],["bharata","O Bharata"],["carāma","let us keep, render"],["mā viṣādam","grieve not"]]}]}