{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":77,"title":"Bharata’s march to the Gaṅgā","sentence":"The Queens, army, priests, craftspeople and townspeople accompany him, the company camps before the river crossing","portion":"The expedition to bring Rāma back","sequence":[[{"steps":["Bharata leaves at dawn with ministers, priests, and a large military escort, described as nine thousand elephants, sixty thousand chariots, and a hundred thousand horsemen (77.1–5)"],"from":1,"to":5,"sarga":77},{"steps":["Kausalyā, Sumitrā, and Kaikeyī travel with them, hoping to bring Rāma back (77.6–9)"],"from":6,"to":9,"sarga":77},{"steps":["townspeople, merchants, craftspeople, physicians, performers, herdsmen, and many others join the expedition (77.10–15)"],"from":10,"to":15,"sarga":77},{"steps":["brāhmaṇas follow in carts, and the company proceeds toward the river (77.16–18)"],"from":16,"to":18,"sarga":77},{"steps":["on reaching the Gaṅgā, Bharata orders them to camp and rest before crossing the next day","he also wishes to offer water there for his father (77.19–21)"],"from":19,"to":21,"sarga":77},{"steps":["the ministers arrange the camps, and Bharata spends the night thinking about Rāma's return (77.22–23)."],"from":22,"to":23,"sarga":77}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.077.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tataḥ samutthitaḥ kālyam āsthāya syandanottamam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"prayayau bharataḥ śīghraṃ rāmadarśanakāṅkṣayā","q":null}],"tr":"Then, having risen at dawn and mounted an excellent chariot, Bharata set out swiftly, longing to see Rāma.","w":[["tataḥ","then"],["samutthitaḥ","having risen"],["kālyam","at dawn, at the right time"],["āsthāya","having mounted"],["syandanottamam","an excellent chariot","syandana-uttamam",[["syandana","chariot"],["uttama","best, excellent"]]],["prayayau","set out"],["bharataḥ","Bharata"],["śīghraṃ","swiftly"],["rāmadarśanakāṅkṣayā","out of longing to see Rāma","",[["rāma","Rāma"],["darśana","sight"],["kāṅkṣā","longing"]]]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.077.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"agrataḥ prayayus tasya sarve mantripurodhasaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"adhiruhya hayair yuktān rathān sūryarathopamān","q":null}],"tr":"In front of him went all the ministers and priests, mounted upon chariots yoked with horses and resembling the chariot of the sun.","w":[["agrataḥ","in front"],["prayayus","went","prayayuḥ"],["tasya","of him, his"],["sarve","all"],["mantripurodhasaḥ","the ministers and priests","",[["mantrin","minister"],["purodhas","family priest"]]],["adhiruhya","having mounted"],["hayair","with horses","hayaiḥ"],["yuktān","yoked"],["rathān","chariots"],["sūryarathopamān","resembling the chariot of the sun","sūrya-ratha-upamān",[["sūrya","sun"],["ratha","chariot"],["upama","resembling"]]]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.077.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"navanāgasahasrāṇi kalpitāni yathāvidhi","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"anvayur bharataṃ yāntam ikṣvāku kulanandanam","q":null}],"tr":"Nine thousand elephants, duly caparisoned, followed Bharata, delight of the Ikṣvāku line, as he went.","w":[["navanāgasahasrāṇi","nine thousand elephants","",[["nava","nine"],["nāga","elephant"],["sahasra","thousand"]]],["kalpitāni","equipped, caparisoned"],["yathāvidhi","duly, according to rule","",[["yathā","according to"],["vidhi","rule"]]],["anvayur","followed","anvayuḥ"],["bharataṃ","Bharata"],["yāntam","as he went"],["ikṣvāku kulanandanam","delight of the Ikṣvāku line","ikṣvākukulanandanam",[["ikṣvāku","Ikṣvāku"],["kula","line, family"],["nandana","delight, gladdener"]]]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.077.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ṣaṣṭhī rathasahasrāṇi dhanvino vividhāyudhāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"anvayur bharataṃ yāntaṃ rājaputraṃ yaśasvinam","q":null}],"tr":"Sixty thousand chariots, with archers bearing weapons of various kinds, followed the illustrious prince Bharata as he went.","w":[["ṣaṣṭhī","sixty"],["rathasahasrāṇi","thousands of chariots","",[["ratha","chariot"],["sahasra","thousand"]]],["dhanvino","archers","dhanvinaḥ"],["vividhāyudhāḥ","with weapons of various kinds","vividha-āyudhāḥ",[["vividha","various"],["āyudha","weapon"]]],["anvayur","followed","anvayuḥ"],["bharataṃ","Bharata"],["yāntaṃ","as he went"],["rājaputraṃ","the prince","rāja-putraṃ",[["rāja","king"],["putra","son"]]],["yaśasvinam","the illustrious"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.077.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śataṃ sahasrāṇy aśvānāṃ samārūḍhāni rāghavam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"anvayur bharataṃ yāntaṃ rājaputraṃ yaśasvinam","q":null}],"tr":"A hundred thousand horses, all mounted by their riders, followed Rāghava — the illustrious prince Bharata — as he went.","w":[["śataṃ","a hundred"],["sahasrāṇy","thousand","sahasrāṇi"],["aśvānāṃ","of horses"],["samārūḍhāni","mounted, ridden"],["rāghavam","Rāghava (Bharata)"],["anvayur","followed","anvayuḥ"],["bharataṃ","Bharata"],["yāntaṃ","as he went"],["rājaputraṃ","the prince","rāja-putraṃ",[["rāja","king"],["putra","son"]]],["yaśasvinam","the illustrious"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.077.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kaikeyī ca sumitrā ca kausalyā ca yaśasvinī","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rāmānayanasaṃhṛṣṭā yayur yānena bhāsvatā","q":null}],"tr":"Kaikeyī, Sumitrā, and the illustrious Kausalyā, delighted at the prospect of bringing Rāma back, rode in a resplendent carriage.","w":[["kaikeyī ca","and Kaikeyī"],["sumitrā ca","and Sumitrā"],["kausalyā ca","and Kausalyā"],["yaśasvinī","the illustrious"],["rāmānayanasaṃhṛṣṭā","delighted at Rāma's being brought back","rāma-ānayana-saṃhṛṣṭā",[["rāma","Rāma"],["ānayana","bringing back"],["saṃhṛṣṭa","delighted"]]],["yayur","went, rode","yayuḥ"],["yānena","in a carriage"],["bhāsvatā","resplendent, shining"]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.077.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prayātāś cāryasaṃghātā rāmaṃ draṣṭuṃ salakṣmaṇam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tasyaiva ca kathāś citrāḥ kurvāṇā hṛṣṭamānasāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"And throngs of noble people set out to see Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa, telling wondrous tales about him, their minds delighted:","w":[["prayātāś","set out","prayātāḥ"],["cāryasaṃghātā","and the throngs of noble ones","ca āryasaṃghātāḥ",[["ārya","noble"],["saṃghāta","throng, multitude"]]],["rāmaṃ","Rāma"],["draṣṭuṃ","to see"],["salakṣmaṇam","together with Lakṣmaṇa","sa-lakṣmaṇam",[["sa","with"],["lakṣmaṇa","Lakṣmaṇa"]]],["tasyaiva","about him","tasya eva"],["ca","and"],["kathāś","tales","kathāḥ"],["citrāḥ","wondrous, varied"],["kurvāṇā","making, telling"],["hṛṣṭamānasāḥ","their minds delighted","",[["hṛṣṭa","delighted"],["manas","mind"]]]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.077.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"meghaśyāmaṃ mahābāhuṃ sthirasattvaṃ dṛḍhavratam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kadā drakṣyāmahe rāmaṃ jagataḥ śokanāśanam","q":null}],"tr":"'When shall we behold Rāma — dark as a raincloud, mighty-armed, of firm resolve and steadfast vows, destroyer of the world's grief?'","w":[["meghaśyāmaṃ","dark as a cloud","",[["megha","cloud"],["śyāma","dark"]]],["mahābāhuṃ","mighty-armed","",[["mahā","great"],["bāhu","arm"]]],["sthirasattvaṃ","of firm resolve","",[["sthira","firm"],["sattva","being, resolve"]]],["dṛḍhavratam","steadfast in his vows","",[["dṛḍha","firm"],["vrata","vow"]]],["kadā","when"],["drakṣyāmahe","shall we see"],["rāmaṃ","Rāma"],["jagataḥ","of the world"],["śokanāśanam","destroyer of grief","",[["śoka","grief"],["nāśana","destroyer"]]]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.077.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dṛṣṭa eva hi naḥ śokam apaneṣyati rāghavaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tamaḥ sarvasya lokasya samudyann iva bhāskaraḥ","q":null}],"tr":"'The moment he is seen, Rāghava will dispel our grief, as the rising sun dispels the darkness of the whole world.'","w":[["dṛṣṭa eva hi","as soon as he is seen","dṛṣṭaḥ eva hi"],["naḥ","our"],["śokam","grief"],["apaneṣyati","will dispel, remove"],["rāghavaḥ","Rāghava"],["tamaḥ","the darkness"],["sarvasya lokasya","of the whole world"],["samudyann iva","like (the sun) rising","samudyan iva"],["bhāskaraḥ","the sun","",[["bhās","light"],["kara","maker"]]]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.077.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ity evaṃ kathayantas te saṃprahṛṣṭāḥ kathāḥ śubhāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pariṣvajānāś cānyonyaṃ yayur nāgarikās tadā","q":null}],"tr":"Telling such auspicious tales, greatly delighted, and embracing one another, the townsfolk then went along.","w":[["ity evaṃ","thus","iti evaṃ"],["kathayantas","telling","kathayantaḥ"],["te","they"],["saṃprahṛṣṭāḥ","greatly delighted"],["kathāḥ","tales"],["śubhāḥ","auspicious"],["pariṣvajānāś","embracing","pariṣvajānāḥ"],["cānyonyaṃ","and one another","ca anyonyaṃ"],["yayur","went","yayuḥ"],["nāgarikās","the townsfolk","nāgarikāḥ"],["tadā","then"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.077.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ye ca tatrāpare sarve saṃmatā ye ca naigamāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rāmaṃ prati yayur hṛṣṭāḥ sarvāḥ prakṛtayas tadā","q":null}],"tr":"And all the other respected persons there, and the merchants — all the subjects — then went joyfully toward Rāma.","w":[["ye ca","and (those) who"],["tatrāpare","the others there","tatra apare"],["sarve","all"],["saṃmatā","the respected ones","saṃmatāḥ"],["ye ca","and (those) who"],["naigamāḥ","the merchants, townsmen"],["rāmaṃ prati","toward Rāma"],["yayur","went","yayuḥ"],["hṛṣṭāḥ","joyful"],["sarvāḥ","all"],["prakṛtayas","the subjects","prakṛtayaḥ"],["tadā","then"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.077.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"maṇi kārāś ca ye ke cit kumbhakārāś ca śobhanāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sūtrakarmakṛtaś caiva ye ca śastropajīvinaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Whatever jewelers there were, and the skilled potters, and the workers in thread, and those who live by weapons —","w":[["maṇi kārāś ca","and the jewelers","maṇikārāḥ ca",[["maṇi","gem"],["kāra","maker"]]],["ye ke cit","whosoever"],["kumbhakārāś ca","and the potters","kumbhakārāḥ ca",[["kumbha","pot"],["kāra","maker"]]],["śobhanāḥ","skilled, fine"],["sūtrakarmakṛtaś caiva","and the workers in thread","sūtrakarmakṛtaḥ ca eva",[["sūtra","thread"],["karman","work"],["kṛt","doer"]]],["ye ca","and (those) who"],["śastropajīvinaḥ","live by weapons","śastra-upajīvinaḥ",[["śastra","weapon"],["upajīvin","living by"]]]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.077.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"māyūrakāḥ krākacikā rocakā vedhakās tathā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dantakārāḥ sudhākārās tathā gandhopajīvinaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"peacock-feather workers, sawyers, burnishers, and borers, ivory-carvers, plasterers, and those who live by perfumery,","w":[["māyūrakāḥ","peacock-feather workers"],["krākacikā","sawyers","krākacikāḥ"],["rocakā","burnishers, polishers","rocakāḥ"],["vedhakās","borers, drillers","vedhakāḥ"],["tathā","and, likewise"],["dantakārāḥ","ivory-carvers","",[["danta","tooth, ivory"],["kāra","maker"]]],["sudhākārās","plasterers (workers in lime)","sudhākārāḥ",[["sudhā","lime, plaster"],["kāra","maker"]]],["tathā","and, likewise"],["gandhopajīvinaḥ","those who live by perfumery","gandha-upajīvinaḥ",[["gandha","perfume"],["upajīvin","living by"]]]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.077.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"suvarṇakārāḥ prakhyātās tathā kambaladhāvakāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"snāpakācchādakā vaidyā dhūpakāḥ śauṇḍikās tathā","q":null}],"tr":"renowned goldsmiths, washers of woolen blankets, bath-attendants and clothiers, physicians, incense-makers, and vintners,","w":[["suvarṇakārāḥ","goldsmiths","",[["suvarṇa","gold"],["kāra","maker"]]],["prakhyātās","renowned","prakhyātāḥ"],["tathā","and, likewise"],["kambaladhāvakāḥ","washers of woolen blankets","",[["kambala","blanket, wool"],["dhāvaka","washer"]]],["snāpakācchādakā","bath-attendants and clothiers","snāpaka-ācchādakāḥ",[["snāpaka","one who bathes others"],["ācchādaka","one who clothes"]]],["vaidyā","physicians","vaidyāḥ"],["dhūpakāḥ","incense-makers, fumigators"],["śauṇḍikās","vintners, distillers","śauṇḍikāḥ"],["tathā","and, likewise"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.077.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"rajakās tunnavāyāś ca grāmaghoṣamahattarāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śailūṣāś ca saha strībhir yānti kaivartakās tathā","q":null}],"tr":"washermen and tailors, the elders of villages and herdsmen's settlements, and actors with their women, and fishermen — all went along.","w":[["rajakās","washermen","rajakāḥ"],["tunnavāyāś ca","and tailors","tunnavāyāḥ ca",[["tunna","stitching, sewing"],["vāya","weaver"]]],["grāmaghoṣamahattarāḥ","the elders of villages and herdsmen's settlements","",[["grāma","village"],["ghoṣa","herdsmen's hamlet"],["mahattara","elder, chief"]]],["śailūṣāś ca","and actors, dancers","śailūṣāḥ ca"],["saha","together with"],["strībhir","their women","strībhiḥ"],["yānti","go"],["kaivartakās","fishermen","kaivartakāḥ"],["tathā","and, likewise"]]},{"v":16,"ref":"2.077.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"samāhitā vedavido brāhmaṇā vṛttasaṃmatāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"gorathair bharataṃ yāntam anujagmuḥ sahasraśaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Composed brahmins, knowers of the Veda, esteemed for their conduct, followed Bharata by the thousands in ox-carts as he went.","w":[["samāhitā","composed, attentive","samāhitāḥ"],["vedavido","knowers of the Veda","vedavidaḥ",[["veda","Veda"],["vid","knower"]]],["brāhmaṇā","brahmins","brāhmaṇāḥ"],["vṛttasaṃmatāḥ","esteemed for their conduct","",[["vṛtta","conduct"],["saṃmata","approved, esteemed"]]],["gorathair","in ox-carts","gorathaiḥ",[["go","ox"],["ratha","cart"]]],["bharataṃ","Bharata"],["yāntam","as he went"],["anujagmuḥ","followed"],["sahasraśaḥ","by the thousands"]]},{"v":17,"ref":"2.077.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"suveṣāḥ śuddhavasanās tāmramṛṣṭānulepanāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sarve te vividhair yānaiḥ śanair bharatam anvayuḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Well-attired, in clean garments, anointed with burnished reddish unguents, all of them followed Bharata slowly in various vehicles.","w":[["suveṣāḥ","well-dressed","su-veṣāḥ",[["su","well"],["veṣa","dress, attire"]]],["śuddhavasanās","in clean garments","śuddhavasanāḥ",[["śuddha","clean, pure"],["vasana","garment"]]],["tāmramṛṣṭānulepanāḥ","anointed with burnished reddish unguents","tāmra-mṛṣṭa-anulepanāḥ",[["tāmra","copper-red"],["mṛṣṭa","polished, rubbed"],["anulepana","unguent"]]],["sarve te","all of them"],["vividhair","various","vividhaiḥ"],["yānaiḥ","in vehicles"],["śanair","slowly","śanaiḥ"],["bharatam","Bharata"],["anvayuḥ","followed"]]},{"v":18,"ref":"2.077.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prahṛṣṭamuditā senā sānvayāt kaikayīsutam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vyavatiṣṭhata sā senā bharatasyānuyāyinī","q":null}],"tr":"The army, thrilled and rejoicing, followed the son of Kaikeyī; and that army, marching in Bharata's train, arrayed itself.","w":[["prahṛṣṭamuditā","thrilled and rejoicing","",[["prahṛṣṭa","thrilled"],["mudita","glad"]]],["senā","the army"],["sānvayāt","it followed","sā anvayāt"],["kaikayīsutam","the son of Kaikeyī (Bharata)","",[["kaikayī","Kaikeyī"],["suta","son"]]],["vyavatiṣṭhata","arrayed itself, took position"],["sā senā","that army"],["bharatasyānuyāyinī","following Bharata","bharatasya anuyāyinī",[["bharata","Bharata"],["anuyāyin","following"]]]]},{"v":19,"ref":"2.077.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nirīkṣyānugatāṃ senāṃ tāṃ ca gaṅgāṃ śivodakām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bharataḥ sacivān sarvān abravīd vākyakovidaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Beholding the army that followed and the Gaṅgā with her auspicious waters, Bharata, skilled in speech, said to all his counsellors:","w":[["nirīkṣyānugatāṃ","having beheld ... which followed","nirīkṣya anugatāṃ"],["senāṃ","the army"],["tāṃ ca gaṅgāṃ","and that Gaṅgā"],["śivodakām","of auspicious waters","śiva-udakām",[["śiva","auspicious"],["udaka","water"]]],["bharataḥ","Bharata"],["sacivān sarvān","all the counsellors"],["abravīd","said","abravīt"],["vākyakovidaḥ","skilled in speech","",[["vākya","speech"],["kovida","skilled"]]]]},{"v":20,"ref":"2.077.020","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"niveśayata me sainyam abhiprāyeṇa sarvaśaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"viśrāntaḥ pratariṣyāmaḥ śva idānīṃ mahānadīm","q":null}],"tr":"'Encamp my whole army as is fitting; having rested, we shall cross the great river tomorrow.","w":[["niveśayata","encamp, settle"],["me","my"],["sainyam","army"],["abhiprāyeṇa","according to plan, as is fitting"],["sarvaśaḥ","wholly, in every way"],["viśrāntaḥ","rested"],["pratariṣyāmaḥ","we shall cross over"],["śva","tomorrow","śvaḥ"],["idānīṃ","now, at present"],["mahānadīm","the great river","",[["mahā","great"],["nadī","river"]]]]},{"v":21,"ref":"2.077.021","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dātuṃ ca tāvad icchāmi svar gatasya mahīpateḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"aurdhvadeha nimittārtham avatīryodakaṃ nadīm","q":null}],"tr":"And meanwhile I wish, for the sake of the funeral rite of the king who has gone to heaven, to go down into the river and offer the water-libation.'","w":[["dātuṃ","to give"],["ca","and"],["tāvad","meanwhile","tāvat"],["icchāmi","I wish"],["svar gatasya","of him who has gone to 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(the troops)","tān"],["chandena","according to (their) pleasure"],["svena svena","each his own"],["pṛthakpṛthak","each apart, separately"]]},{"v":23,"ref":"2.077.023","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"niveśya gaṅgām anu tāṃ mahānadīṃ camūṃ vidhānaiḥ paribarha śobhinīm","q":["niveśya gaṅgām anu tāṃ mahānadīṃ","camūṃ vidhānaiḥ paribarha śobhinīm"]},{"p":"c","t":"uvāsa rāmasya tadā mahātmano vicintayāno bharato nivartanam","q":["uvāsa rāmasya tadā mahātmano","vicintayāno bharato nivartanam"]}],"tr":"Having encamped along that great river Gaṅgā the army — drawn up in due order and resplendent with its trappings — Bharata then dwelt there, pondering the return of the great-souled Rāma.","w":[["niveśya","having encamped"],["gaṅgām anu","along the Gaṅgā"],["tāṃ mahānadīṃ","that great river","",[["mahā","great"],["nadī","river"]]],["camūṃ","the army"],["vidhānaiḥ","with orderly arrangements"],["paribarha śobhinīm","resplendent with its trappings","paribarhaśobhinīm",[["paribarha","paraphernalia, trappings"],["śobhin","shining, resplendent"]]],["uvāsa","dwelt, stayed"],["rāmasya","of Rāma"],["tadā","then"],["mahātmano","of the great-souled one","mahātmanaḥ",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["vicintayāno","pondering","vicintayānaḥ"],["bharato","Bharata","bharataḥ"],["nivartanam","the return, bringing-back"]]}]}