{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":74,"title":"Construction of Bharata’s route","sentence":"Workers clear and level the ground, plant trees, dig wells and build supplied, defended camps along the road to the Gaṅgā","portion":"The expedition to bring Rāma back","sequence":[[{"steps":["Surveyors, builders, diggers, carpenters, tree-cutters, well-makers, and other workers move ahead (74.1–4)"],"from":1,"to":4,"sarga":74},{"steps":["they clear vegetation, stumps, and stones, and plant trees in treeless stretches (74.5–7)"],"from":5,"to":7,"sarga":74},{"steps":["they level rough ground, fill hollows, and make difficult stretches passable (74.8–10)"],"from":8,"to":10,"sarga":74},{"steps":["they provide waterworks and wells, then decorate and water the road (74.11–13)"],"from":11,"to":13,"sarga":74},{"steps":["suitable stopping places are prepared in well-supplied areas (74.14–16)"],"from":14,"to":16,"sarga":74},{"steps":["the camps include roads, defenses, and accommodation for the traveling company (74.17–19)"],"from":17,"to":19,"sarga":74},{"steps":["the completed route reaches the Gaṅgā (74.20–21)."],"from":20,"to":21,"sarga":74}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.074.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"atha bhūmipradeśajñāḥ sūtrakarmaviśāradāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"svakarmābhiratāḥ śūrāḥ khanakā yantrakās tathā","q":null}],"tr":"Then those who knew the lay of the land, skilled in surveying with the measuring-line, devoted to their tasks and stout of heart, and diggers and machinists as well,","w":[["atha","then"],["bhūmipradeśajñāḥ","knowers of the terrain","",[["bhūmi","land"],["pradeśa","region"],["jña","knower"]]],["sūtrakarmaviśāradāḥ","skilled in surveying with the measuring-line","",[["sūtra","cord, measuring-line"],["karman","work"],["viśārada","skilled, expert"]]],["svakarmābhiratāḥ","devoted to their own tasks","sva-karma-abhiratāḥ",[["sva","own"],["karman","work"],["abhirata","devoted"]]],["śūrāḥ","valiant"],["khanakā","diggers","khanakāḥ"],["yantrakās","machinists, engineers","yantrakāḥ"],["tathā","as well"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.074.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"karmāntikāḥ sthapatayaḥ puruṣā yantrakovidāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tathā vardhakayaś caiva mārgiṇo vṛkṣatakṣakāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"labourers, master-builders, men expert with machines, and likewise carpenters, road-makers, and tree-cutters,","w":[["karmāntikāḥ","labourers, workmen","",[["karmānta","task, work-site"],["ika","relating to"]]],["sthapatayaḥ","master-builders, architects"],["puruṣā","men","puruṣāḥ"],["yantrakovidāḥ","expert with machines","",[["yantra","machine"],["kovida","expert"]]],["tathā","and likewise"],["vardhakayaś caiva","and carpenters","vardhakayaḥ ca eva"],["mārgiṇo","road-makers","mārgiṇaḥ",[["mārga","road"]]],["vṛkṣatakṣakāḥ","tree-cutters","",[["vṛkṣa","tree"],["takṣaka","hewer, cutter"]]]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.074.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kūpakārāḥ sudhākārā vaṃśakarmakṛtas tathā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"samarthā ye ca draṣṭāraḥ puratas te pratasthire","q":null}],"tr":"well-diggers, plasterers, and workers in bamboo, and those capable ones who serve as overseers — they set out in front.","w":[["kūpakārāḥ","well-diggers","",[["kūpa","well"],["kāra","maker"]]],["sudhākārā","plasterers","sudhākārāḥ",[["sudhā","lime, plaster"],["kāra","maker"]]],["vaṃśakarmakṛtas","workers in bamboo","vaṃśakarmakṛtaḥ",[["vaṃśa","bamboo"],["karman","work"],["kṛt","doer"]]],["tathā","and"],["samarthā","capable","samarthāḥ"],["ye ca","and who"],["draṣṭāraḥ","overseers (lit. seers, inspectors)"],["puratas","in front","purataḥ"],["te","they"],["pratasthire","set out"]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.074.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa tu harṣāt tam uddeśaṃ janaugho vipulaḥ prayān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"aśobhata mahāvegaḥ sāgarasyeva parvaṇi","q":null}],"tr":"That vast crowd of people, advancing in joy toward that region, shone with great momentum, like the surge of the sea at the full moon.","w":[["sa tu","and that"],["harṣāt","out of joy"],["tam uddeśaṃ","toward that region"],["janaugho","the crowd of people","janaughaḥ",[["jana","people"],["ogha","flood, mass"]]],["vipulaḥ","vast"],["prayān","advancing"],["aśobhata","shone"],["mahāvegaḥ","of great momentum","",[["mahā","great"],["vega","speed, surge"]]],["sāgarasyeva","like that of the ocean","sāgarasya iva"],["parvaṇi","at the (moon's) node, full moon"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.074.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"te svavāraṃ samāsthāya vartmakarmāṇi kovidāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"karaṇair vividhopetaiḥ purastāt saṃpratasthire","q":null}],"tr":"Taking up each his own station, those skilled in road-work set out in front, equipped with various implements.","w":[["te","they"],["svavāraṃ","his own turn/station","sva-vāraṃ",[["sva","own"],["vāra","turn, station"]]],["samāsthāya","having taken up"],["vartmakarmāṇi","in road-works","",[["vartman","road, track"],["karman","work"]]],["kovidāḥ","skilled"],["karaṇair","with instruments","karaṇaiḥ"],["vividhopetaiḥ","provided with various (ones)","vividha-upetaiḥ",[["vividha","various"],["upeta","provided with"]]],["purastāt","in front"],["saṃpratasthire","set out"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.074.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"latāvallīś ca gulmāṃś ca sthāṇūn aśmana eva ca","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"janās te cakrire mārgaṃ chindanto vividhān drumān","q":null}],"tr":"Cutting down creepers and vines and shrubs, stumps and stones, and trees of many kinds, those men made the road.","w":[["latāvallīś ca","creepers and vines","latāvallīḥ ca",[["latā","creeper"],["vallī","climbing plant"]]],["gulmāṃś ca","and shrubs","gulmān ca"],["sthāṇūn","stumps, posts"],["aśmana eva ca","and stones too","aśmanaḥ eva ca"],["janās","the people","janāḥ"],["te","those"],["cakrire","made"],["mārgaṃ","the road"],["chindanto","cutting down","chindantaḥ"],["vividhān","various"],["drumān","trees"]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.074.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"avṛkṣeṣu ca deśeṣu ke cid vṛkṣān aropayan","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ke cit kuṭhāraiṣ ṭaṅkaiś ca dātraiś chindan kva cit kva cit","q":null}],"tr":"In treeless places some planted trees, while some cut here and there with axes, chisels, and sickles.","w":[["avṛkṣeṣu","in treeless (places)","a-vṛkṣeṣu",[["a","without"],["vṛkṣa","tree"]]],["ca deśeṣu","and regions"],["ke cid","some","ke cit"],["vṛkṣān","trees"],["aropayan","planted"],["ke cit","some"],["kuṭhāraiṣ","with axes","kuṭhāraiḥ"],["ṭaṅkaiś ca","and with chisels","ṭaṅkaiḥ ca"],["dātraiś","with sickles","dātraiḥ"],["chindan","cut"],["kva cit kva cit","here and there"]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.074.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"apare vīraṇastambān balino balavattarāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vidhamanti sma durgāṇi sthalāni ca tatas tataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Others, strong and stronger still, tore up clumps of vīraṇa-grass and cleared away rough ground and high spots here and there.","w":[["apare","others"],["vīraṇastambān","clumps of vīraṇa-grass","",[["vīraṇa","fragrant vīraṇa grass"],["stamba","clump, tuft"]]],["balino","strong","balinaḥ"],["balavattarāḥ","stronger still","",[["balavat","strong"],["tara","more"]]],["vidhamanti sma","tore up, cleared away"],["durgāṇi","rough places, difficult ground"],["sthalāni ca","and high (dry) grounds"],["tatas tataḥ","here and there","tataḥ tataḥ"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.074.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"apare 'pūrayan kūpān pāṃsubhiḥ śvabhram āyatam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nimnabhāgāṃs tathā ke cit samāṃś cakruḥ samantataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Others filled up the wells and a long chasm with earth; and some made the low-lying parts level all around.","w":[["apare","others"],["'pūrayan","filled up","apūrayan"],["kūpān","wells"],["pāṃsubhiḥ","with earth, dust"],["śvabhram","a chasm, pit"],["āyatam","long, deep"],["nimnabhāgāṃs","the low-lying parts","nimnabhāgān",[["nimna","low"],["bhāga","part"]]],["tathā","likewise"],["ke cit","some"],["samāṃś","level","samān"],["cakruḥ","made"],["samantataḥ","all around"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.074.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"babandhur bandhanīyāṃś ca kṣodyān saṃcukṣudus tadā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bibhidur bhedanīyāṃś ca tāṃs tān deśān narās tadā","q":null}],"tr":"Then the men bound up what was to be bound, pounded flat what was to be crushed, and broke up what was to be broken — those various places.","w":[["babandhur","bound up","babandhuḥ"],["bandhanīyāṃś ca","what was to be bound","bandhanīyān ca"],["kṣodyān","what was to be crushed"],["saṃcukṣudus","pounded, crushed","saṃcukṣuduḥ"],["tadā","then"],["bibhidur","broke up, split","bibhiduḥ"],["bhedanīyāṃś ca","what was to be split","bhedanīyān ca"],["tāṃs tān","those various","tān tān"],["deśān","places"],["narās","the men","narāḥ"],["tadā","then"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.074.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"acireṇaiva kālena parivāhān bahūdakān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"cakrur bahuvidhākārān sāgarapratimān bahūn","q":null},{"p":"e","t":"udapānān bahuvidhān vedikā parimaṇḍitān","q":null}],"tr":"In no long time they made many overflowing channels full of water, of manifold form and resembling seas, and many kinds of wells adorned with railed platforms.","w":[["acireṇaiva","in no long (time)","acireṇa eva",[["a","not"],["cira","long time"]]],["kālena","by time"],["parivāhān","overflow-channels, reservoirs"],["bahūdakān","having much water","bahu-udakān",[["bahu","much"],["udaka","water"]]],["cakrur","made","cakruḥ"],["bahuvidhākārān","of manifold form","bahu-vidha-ākārān",[["bahu","many"],["vidha","kind"],["ākāra","form"]]],["sāgarapratimān","resembling seas","",[["sāgara","sea"],["pratima","resembling"]]],["bahūn","many"],["udapānān","wells","",[["uda","water"],["pāna","drinking"]]],["bahuvidhān","of many kinds","bahu-vidhān",[["bahu","many"],["vidha","kind"]]],["vedikā parimaṇḍitān","adorned with railed platforms","vedikā-parimaṇḍitān",[["vedikā","terrace, railing"],["parimaṇḍita","adorned"]]]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.074.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sasudhākuṭṭimatalaḥ prapuṣpitamahīruhaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mattodghuṣṭadvijagaṇaḥ patākābhir alaṃkṛtaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"With its ground paved smooth with plaster, its trees in full bloom, its flocks of birds crying out in rapture, and decked with banners,","w":[["sasudhākuṭṭimatalaḥ","with its floor paved smooth with plaster","",[["sa","with"],["sudhā","lime, plaster"],["kuṭṭima","paved floor"],["tala","surface"]]],["prapuṣpitamahīruhaḥ","with trees in full bloom","",[["prapuṣpita","fully blossomed"],["mahīruh","tree"]]],["mattodghuṣṭadvijagaṇaḥ","with flocks of birds crying in rapture","matta-udghuṣṭa-dvija-gaṇaḥ",[["matta","intoxicated, rapturous"],["udghuṣṭa","loudly calling"],["dvija","bird"],["gaṇa","flock"]]],["patākābhir","with banners","patākābhiḥ"],["alaṃkṛtaḥ","adorned"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.074.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"candanodakasaṃsikto nānākusumabhūṣitaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bahv aśobhata senāyāḥ panthāḥ svargapathopamaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"sprinkled with sandal-scented water and decorated with all sorts of flowers, the army's road shone greatly, like a path to heaven.","w":[["candanodakasaṃsikto","sprinkled with sandal-scented water","candanodakasaṃsiktaḥ",[["candana","sandalwood"],["udaka","water"],["saṃsikta","sprinkled"]]],["nānākusumabhūṣitaḥ","adorned with various flowers","",[["nānā","various"],["kusuma","flower"],["bhūṣita","adorned"]]],["bahv","greatly","bahu"],["aśobhata","shone"],["senāyāḥ","of the army"],["panthāḥ","the road"],["svargapathopamaḥ","resembling a path to heaven","svargapatha-upamaḥ",[["svarga","heaven"],["patha","path"],["upama","resembling"]]]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.074.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ājñāpyātha yathājñapti yuktās te 'dhikṛtā narāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ramaṇīyeṣu deśeṣu bahusvāduphaleṣu ca","q":null}],"tr":"Then, being commanded, the appointed men, diligent, according to the order, in lovely regions abounding in sweet fruits,","w":[["ājñāpyātha","having been commanded, then","ājñāpya atha"],["yathājñapti","according to the order","yathā-ājñapti",[["yathā","according to"],["ājñapti","command"]]],["yuktās","diligent, engaged","yuktāḥ"],["te","those"],["'dhikṛtā","appointed","adhikṛtāḥ"],["narāḥ","men"],["ramaṇīyeṣu","in lovely"],["deśeṣu","regions"],["bahusvāduphaleṣu ca","and abounding in sweet fruits","",[["bahu","much, many"],["svādu","sweet"],["phala","fruit"]]]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.074.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yo niveśas tv abhipreto bharatasya mahātmanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bhūyas taṃ śobhayām āsur bhūṣābhir bhūṣaṇopamam","q":null}],"tr":"whatever encampment was desired by the great-souled Bharata, that they made all the more beautiful with adornments, so it was like an ornament itself.","w":[["yo","which","yaḥ"],["niveśas tv","encampment","niveśaḥ tu"],["abhipreto","was desired, intended","abhipretaḥ"],["bharatasya","by Bharata"],["mahātmanaḥ","the great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["bhūyas","all the more","bhūyaḥ"],["taṃ","that"],["śobhayām āsur","they beautified","śobhayām āsuḥ"],["bhūṣābhir","with adornments","bhūṣābhiḥ"],["bhūṣaṇopamam","resembling an ornament","bhūṣaṇa-upamam",[["bhūṣaṇa","ornament"],["upama","resembling"]]]]},{"v":16,"ref":"2.074.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nakṣatreṣu praśasteṣu muhūrteṣu ca tadvidaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"niveśaṃ sthāpayām āsur bharatasya mahātmanaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Under auspicious constellations and at favourable moments, those who knew such matters set up the encampment of the great-souled Bharata.","w":[["nakṣatreṣu","under the constellations"],["praśasteṣu","auspicious, commended"],["muhūrteṣu ca","and at (favourable) moments"],["tadvidaḥ","those who know such things","tad-vidaḥ",[["tad","that"],["vid","knower"]]],["niveśaṃ","the encampment"],["sthāpayām āsur","set up, established","sthāpayām āsuḥ"],["bharatasya","of Bharata"],["mahātmanaḥ","the great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]]]},{"v":17,"ref":"2.074.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bahupāṃsucayāś cāpi parikhāparivāritāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tatrendrakīlapratimāḥ pratolīvaraśobhitāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"with high ramparts of heaped earth and surrounded by moats, resembling Indra's peaks there, graced with fine broad streets,","w":[["bahupāṃsucayāś cāpi","with many earthen ramparts","bahupāṃsucayāḥ ca api",[["bahu","many"],["pāṃsu","earth, dust"],["caya","heap, mound"]]],["parikhāparivāritāḥ","surrounded by moats","",[["parikhā","moat"],["parivārita","surrounded"]]],["tatrendrakīlapratimāḥ","there resembling Indra's peak","tatra indrakīlapratimāḥ",[["indrakīla","Indra's peak, bolt"],["pratima","resembling"]]],["pratolīvaraśobhitāḥ","graced with fine broad streets","",[["pratolī","broad street"],["vara","excellent"],["śobhita","graced"]]]]},{"v":18,"ref":"2.074.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prāsādamālāsaṃyuktāḥ saudhaprākārasaṃvṛtāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"patākā śobhitāḥ sarve sunirmitamahāpathāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"furnished with rows of palaces, enclosed by white-plastered ramparts, all graced with banners and with well-made great roads —","w":[["prāsādamālāsaṃyuktāḥ","joined with rows of palaces","",[["prāsāda","palace"],["mālā","row, garland"],["saṃyukta","joined"]]],["saudhaprākārasaṃvṛtāḥ","enclosed by white-plastered ramparts","",[["saudha","stuccoed mansion, white plaster"],["prākāra","rampart, wall"],["saṃvṛta","enclosed"]]],["patākā śobhitāḥ","graced with banners","patākā-śobhitāḥ",[["patākā","banner"],["śobhita","graced"]]],["sarve","all"],["sunirmitamahāpathāḥ","with well-made great roads","",[["su","well"],["nirmita","made"],["mahā","great"],["patha","road"]]]]},{"v":19,"ref":"2.074.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"visarpatbhir ivākāśe viṭaṅkāgravimānakaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"samucchritair niveśās te babhuḥ śakrapuropamāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"With their lofty turret-topped mansions seeming to glide through the sky, those encampments looked like the city of Śakra.","w":[["visarpatbhir","gliding, moving along","visarpadbhiḥ"],["ivākāśe","as if in the sky","iva ākāśe"],["viṭaṅkāgravimānakaiḥ","with turret-topped mansions","",[["viṭaṅka","turret, dovecote"],["agra","top"],["vimānaka","mansion, palace"]]],["samucchritair","lofty, raised high","samucchritaiḥ"],["niveśās","the encampments","niveśāḥ"],["te","those"],["babhuḥ","shone, appeared"],["śakrapuropamāḥ","resembling the city of Śakra (Indra)","",[["śakra","Indra"],["pura","city"],["upama","resembling"]]]]},{"v":20,"ref":"2.074.020","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"jāhnavīṃ tu samāsādya vividhadruma kānanām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śītalāmalapānīyāṃ mahāmīnasamākulām","q":null}],"tr":"And reaching the Jāhnavī, with its forests of many kinds of trees, its cool clear waters, and teeming with great fish —","w":[["jāhnavīṃ","the Jāhnavī (Gaṅgā)"],["tu","and"],["samāsādya","having reached"],["vividhadruma kānanām","with forests of many kinds of trees","vividhadruma-kānanām",[["vividha","various"],["druma","tree"],["kānana","forest"]]],["śītalāmalapānīyāṃ","with cool, clear water","",[["śītala","cool"],["amala","clear, pure"],["pānīya","drinking-water"]]],["mahāmīnasamākulām","teeming with great fish","",[["mahā","great"],["mīna","fish"],["samākula","teeming, crowded"]]]]},{"v":21,"ref":"2.074.021","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sacandratārāgaṇamaṇḍitaṃ yathā nabhaḥkṣapāyām amalaṃ virājate","q":["sacandratārāgaṇamaṇḍitaṃ yathā","nabhaḥkṣapāyām amalaṃ virājate"]},{"p":"c","t":"narendramārgaḥ sa tathā vyarājata krameṇa ramyaḥ śubhaśilpinirmitaḥ","q":["narendramārgaḥ sa tathā vyarājata","krameṇa ramyaḥ śubhaśilpinirmitaḥ"]}],"tr":"Just as the spotless sky, adorned with the moon and hosts of stars, shines by night, so did that king's highway shine — delightful in every stretch, wrought by skilled artisans.","w":[["sacandratārāgaṇamaṇḍitaṃ","adorned with the moon and hosts of stars","",[["sa","with"],["candra","moon"],["tārā","star"],["gaṇa","host"],["maṇḍita","adorned"]]],["yathā","just as"],["nabhaḥkṣapāyām","the sky at night","nabhaḥ kṣapāyām",[["nabhas","sky"],["kṣapā","night"]]],["amalaṃ","spotless, clear"],["virājate","shines"],["narendramārgaḥ","the king's highway","",[["naranendra","king (lord of men)"],["mārga","road"]]],["sa","that"],["tathā","so"],["vyarājata","shone"],["krameṇa","stretch by stretch, in due order"],["ramyaḥ","delightful"],["śubhaśilpinirmitaḥ","wrought by skilled artisans","",[["śubha","fine, auspicious"],["śilpin","artisan"],["nirmita","made"]]]]}]}