{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":60,"title":"Daśaratha’s body preserved in oil","sentence":"Kausalyā blames Kaikeyī, the ministers place the body in an oil trough and await a son before cremation","portion":"Daśaratha’s confession and death","sequence":[[{"steps":["Kausalyā holds Daśaratha's head and bitterly tells Kaikeyī that she now has the unopposed Kingdom she wanted (60.1–3)"],"from":1,"to":3,"sarga":60},{"steps":["deprived of both husband and son, she feels abandoned and blames Kaikeyī's ambition for the family's destruction (60.4–6)"],"from":4,"to":6,"sarga":60},{"steps":["she worries about Rāma and Sītā and imagines Janaka's grief when he hears what has happened (60.7–10)"],"from":7,"to":10,"sarga":60},{"steps":["attendants lead her away (60.11–13)"],"from":11,"to":13,"sarga":60},{"steps":["the ministers preserve Daśaratha's body in a trough of oil and guard it, postponing cremation until his son is present (60.11–13)"],"from":11,"to":13,"sarga":60},{"steps":["the palace and city continue mourning, and the people openly condemn Kaikeyī (60.14–19)."],"from":14,"to":19,"sarga":60}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.060.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tam agnim iva saṃśāntam ambuhīnam ivārṇavam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"hataprabham ivādityaṃ svargathaṃ prekṣya bhūmipam","q":null}],"tr":"Beholding the lord of the earth gone to heaven — like a fire burnt out, like an ocean drained of water, like the sun robbed of its splendor —","w":[["tam","him"],["agnim iva","like a fire"],["saṃśāntam","extinguished, gone out"],["ambuhīnam","without water","",[["ambu","water"],["hīna","bereft of"]]],["ivārṇavam","like an ocean","iva arṇavam"],["hataprabham","with its radiance destroyed","",[["hata","destroyed"],["prabhā","radiance"]]],["ivādityaṃ","like the sun","iva ādityaṃ"],["svargathaṃ","gone to heaven","svargatam (svarga-gata)",[["svarga","heaven"],["gata","gone"]]],["prekṣya","having beheld"],["bhūmipam","the lord of the earth","",[["bhūmi","earth"],["pa","protector, lord"]]]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.060.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kausalyā bāṣpapūrṇākṣī vividhaṃ śokakarśitā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"upagṛhya śiro rājñaḥ kaikeyīṃ pratyabhāṣata","q":null}],"tr":"Kausalyā, her eyes brimming with tears, wasted by manifold grief, clasping the king's head, addressed Kaikeyī:","w":[["kausalyā","Kausalyā"],["bāṣpapūrṇākṣī","her eyes filled with tears","bāṣpa-pūrṇa-akṣī",[["bāṣpa","tears"],["pūrṇa","filled"],["akṣi","eye"]]],["vividhaṃ","in many ways"],["śokakarśitā","emaciated with grief","",[["śoka","grief"],["karśita","emaciated"]]],["upagṛhya","having clasped, embraced"],["śiro","the head","śiraḥ"],["rājñaḥ","of the king"],["kaikeyīṃ","Kaikeyī"],["pratyabhāṣata","addressed, spoke to"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.060.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sakāmā bhava kaikeyi bhuṅkṣva rājyam akaṇṭakam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tyaktvā rājānam ekāgrā nṛśaṃse duṣṭacāriṇi","q":null}],"tr":"“Have your wish fulfilled, Kaikeyī; enjoy the kingdom free of rivals, having cast off the king and left him alone — you cruel woman of wicked conduct!","w":[["sakāmā","with your desire fulfilled","",[["sa","with"],["kāma","desire"]]],["bhava","be"],["kaikeyi","O Kaikeyī"],["bhuṅkṣva","enjoy"],["rājyam","the kingdom"],["akaṇṭakam","free of thorns, without a rival","",[["a","without"],["kaṇṭaka","thorn"]]],["tyaktvā","having abandoned"],["rājānam","the king"],["ekāgrā","alone, single-minded"],["nṛśaṃse","O cruel one"],["duṣṭacāriṇi","O evil-doer, of wicked conduct","",[["duṣṭa","wicked"],["cārin","behaving"]]]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.060.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vihāya māṃ gato rāmo bhartā ca svargato mama","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vipathe sārthahīneva nāhaṃ jīvitum utsahe","q":null}],"tr":"Rāma has gone, forsaking me, and my husband has gone to heaven; like a woman left without her caravan on a trackless road, I have no will to live.","w":[["vihāya","having abandoned"],["māṃ","me"],["gato","has gone","gataḥ"],["rāmo","Rāma","rāmaḥ"],["bhartā","husband"],["ca","and"],["svargato","gone to heaven","svargataḥ",[["svarga","heaven"],["gata","gone"]]],["mama","my"],["vipathe","on a wrong road, off the path"],["sārthahīneva","like one bereft of the caravan","sārthahīnā iva",[["sārtha","caravan"],["hīna","bereft of"]]],["nāhaṃ","not I","na ahaṃ"],["jīvitum","to live"],["utsahe","am able, have the will"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.060.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bhartāraṃ taṃ parityajya kā strī daivatam ātmanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"icchej jīvitum anyatra kaikeyyās tyaktadharmaṇaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"What woman, having forsaken that husband who is her very deity, would wish to live — save Kaikeyī, who has cast off all dharma?","w":[["bhartāraṃ","husband"],["taṃ","that"],["parityajya","having abandoned"],["kā","what"],["strī","woman"],["daivatam","deity"],["ātmanaḥ","her own"],["icchej","would wish","icchet"],["jīvitum","to live"],["anyatra","otherwise than, except"],["kaikeyyās","than Kaikeyī","kaikeyyāḥ"],["tyaktadharmaṇaḥ","who has abandoned dharma","",[["tyakta","abandoned"],["dharman","dharma, duty"]]]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.060.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"na lubdho budhyate doṣān kiṃ pākam iva bhakṣayan","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kubjānimittaṃ kaikeyyā rāghavāṇān kulaṃ hatam","q":null}],"tr":"A greedy person does not perceive the evils, like one eating the kiṃpāka fruit; because of the hunchback, by Kaikeyī the lineage of the Rāghavas has been destroyed.","w":[["na","not"],["lubdho","a greedy one","lubdhaḥ"],["budhyate","perceives"],["doṣān","the evils, faults"],["kiṃ pākam","the kiṃpāka fruit (fair but poisonous)","kiṃpākam"],["iva","like"],["bhakṣayan","eating"],["kubjānimittaṃ","on account of the hunchback","kubjā-nimittaṃ",[["kubjā","hunchbacked woman"],["nimitta","cause"]]],["kaikeyyā","by Kaikeyī"],["rāghavāṇān","of the Rāghavas","rāghavāṇāṃ"],["kulaṃ","the lineage"],["hatam","destroyed"]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.060.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"aniyoge niyuktena rājñā rāmaṃ vivāsitam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sabhāryaṃ janakaḥ śrutvā patitapsyaty ahaṃ yathā","q":null}],"tr":"When Janaka hears that Rāma has been banished with his wife by the king who was bound to an improper task, he too will burn with grief, just as I do.","w":[["aniyoge","in a matter not to be commanded","",[["a","not"],["niyoga","command, injunction"]]],["niyuktena","appointed, bound"],["rājñā","by the king"],["rāmaṃ","Rāma"],["vivāsitam","banished, sent to exile"],["sabhāryaṃ","together with his wife","",[["sa","with"],["bhāryā","wife"]]],["janakaḥ","Janaka"],["śrutvā","having heard"],["patitapsyaty","will burn with grief","paritapsyati"],["ahaṃ","I"],["yathā","as, just as"]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.060.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"rāmaḥ kamalapatrākṣo jīvanāśam ito gataḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"videharājasya sutā tahā sītā tapasvinī","q":null},{"p":"e","t":"duḥkhasyānucitā duḥkhaṃ vane paryudvijiṣyati","q":null}],"tr":"Lotus-eyed Rāma has gone from here to the ruin of his living; and likewise the daughter of Videha's king, poor Sītā, unused to sorrow, will be sorely distressed by misery in the forest.","w":[["rāmaḥ","Rāma"],["kamalapatrākṣo","lotus-petal-eyed","kamala-patra-akṣaḥ",[["kamala","lotus"],["patra","petal, leaf"],["akṣa","eye"]]],["jīvanāśam","to the loss of livelihood","jīva-nāśam",[["jīva","life, living"],["nāśa","loss, ruin"]]],["ito","from here","itaḥ"],["gataḥ","gone"],["videharājasya","of the king of Videha","",[["videha","Videha"],["rāja","king"]]],["sutā","daughter"],["tahā","likewise","tathā"],["sītā","Sītā"],["tapasvinī","poor, suffering"],["duḥkhasyānucitā","unaccustomed to sorrow","duḥkhasya anucitā"],["duḥkhaṃ","misery, sorrow"],["vane","in the forest"],["paryudvijiṣyati","will be sorely distressed, terrified"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.060.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nadatāṃ bhīmaghoṣāṇāṃ niśāsu mṛgapakṣiṇām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"niśamya nūnaṃ saṃstrastā rāghavaṃ saṃśrayiṣyati","q":null}],"tr":"Hearing at night the beasts and birds that cry with dreadful voices, surely, terrified, she will cling to Rāghava.","w":[["nadatāṃ","of (them) crying, roaring"],["bhīmaghoṣāṇāṃ","of dreadful cry","",[["bhīma","dreadful"],["ghoṣa","cry, sound"]]],["niśāsu","in the nights"],["mṛgapakṣiṇām","of beasts and birds","",[["mṛga","beast, deer"],["pakṣin","bird"]]],["niśamya","having heard"],["nūnaṃ","surely"],["saṃstrastā","terrified"],["rāghavaṃ","to Rāghava"],["saṃśrayiṣyati","will cling, take refuge"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.060.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vṛddhaś caivālpaputraś ca vaidehīm anicintayan","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"so 'pi śokasamāviṣṭo nanu tyakṣyati jīvitam","q":null}],"tr":"And Janaka, aged and with few sons, brooding over Vaidehī, overcome by grief, will surely give up his life too.","w":[["vṛddhaś","old","vṛddhaḥ"],["caivālpaputraś","and having few sons","ca eva alpaputraḥ",[["alpa","few"],["putra","son"]]],["ca","and"],["vaidehīm","Vaidehī"],["anicintayan","constantly brooding over","anucintayan"],["so 'pi","he too","saḥ api"],["śokasamāviṣṭo","overcome by grief","śoka-samāviṣṭaḥ",[["śoka","grief"],["samāviṣṭa","overcome, entered"]]],["nanu","surely"],["tyakṣyati","will give up"],["jīvitam","life"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.060.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tāṃ tataḥ saṃpariṣvajya vilapantīṃ tapasvinīm","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vyapaninyuḥ suduḥkhārtāṃ kausalyāṃ vyāvahārikāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Then the household attendants, embracing the wretched, lamenting Kausalyā, sorely stricken with grief, led her away.","w":[["tāṃ","her"],["tataḥ","then"],["saṃpariṣvajya","having embraced"],["vilapantīṃ","lamenting"],["tapasvinīm","wretched, poor"],["vyapaninyuḥ","led away"],["suduḥkhārtāṃ","sorely afflicted with grief","su-duḥkha-ārtāṃ",[["su","very"],["duḥkha","grief"],["ārta","afflicted"]]],["kausalyāṃ","Kausalyā"],["vyāvahārikāḥ","the attendants (managing affairs)"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.060.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tailadroṇyām athāmātyāḥ saṃveśya jagatīpatim","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rājñaḥ sarvāṇy athādiṣṭāś cakruḥ karmāṇy anantaram","q":null}],"tr":"Then the ministers, laying the lord of the earth in a trough of oil, and duly directed, thereafter performed all the king's rites in order.","w":[["tailadroṇyām","in a trough of oil","taila-droṇyām",[["taila","oil"],["droṇī","trough, vat"]]],["athāmātyāḥ","then the ministers","atha amātyāḥ"],["saṃveśya","having laid, placed"],["jagatīpatim","the lord of the earth","",[["jagatī","earth"],["pati","lord"]]],["rājñaḥ","of the king"],["sarvāṇy","all","sarvāṇi"],["athādiṣṭāś","then, being directed","atha ādiṣṭāḥ"],["cakruḥ","performed"],["karmāṇy","the rites","karmāṇi"],["anantaram","thereafter, one after another"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.060.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"na tu saṃkalanaṃ rājño vinā putreṇa mantriṇaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sarvajñāḥ kartum īṣus te tato rakṣanti bhūmipam","q":null}],"tr":"But the wise ministers did not wish to carry out the king's cremation without his son; and so they kept guarding the king's body.","w":[["na tu","but not"],["saṃkalanaṃ","the funeral, cremation"],["rājño","of the king","rājñaḥ"],["vinā","without"],["putreṇa","the son"],["mantriṇaḥ","the ministers"],["sarvajñāḥ","all-knowing, wise","",[["sarva","all"],["jña","knowing"]]],["kartum","to do"],["īṣus","wished, ventured","īṣuḥ"],["te","they"],["tato","therefore, then","tataḥ"],["rakṣanti","guard, preserve"],["bhūmipam","the (dead) king","",[["bhūmi","earth"],["pa","lord"]]]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.060.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tailadroṇyāṃ tu sacivaiḥ śāyitaṃ taṃ narādhipam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"hā mṛto 'yam iti jñātvā striyas tāḥ paryadevayan","q":null}],"tr":"And realizing 'Alas, he is dead!' — the lord of men laid by the ministers in the oil-trough — those women wailed aloud.","w":[["tailadroṇyāṃ","in the oil-trough","taila-droṇyāṃ",[["taila","oil"],["droṇī","trough, vat"]]],["tu","and"],["sacivaiḥ","by the ministers"],["śāyitaṃ","laid to rest"],["taṃ","that"],["narādhipam","the lord of men","",[["nara","man"],["adhipa","lord"]]],["hā","alas"],["mṛto 'yam","he is dead","mṛtaḥ ayam"],["iti","thus"],["jñātvā","having realized"],["striyas","the women","striyaḥ"],["tāḥ","those"],["paryadevayan","lamented, wailed"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.060.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bāhūn udyamya kṛpaṇā netraprasravaṇair mukhaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rudantyaḥ śokasaṃtaptāḥ kṛpaṇaṃ paryadevayan","q":null}],"tr":"Raising their arms, the wretched women, weeping with faces streaming tears from their eyes, tormented by grief, lamented piteously.","w":[["bāhūn","their arms"],["udyamya","having raised"],["kṛpaṇā","wretched, piteous","kṛpaṇāḥ"],["netraprasravaṇair","with (faces) that are fountains of the eyes","netra-prasravaṇaiḥ",[["netra","eye"],["prasravaṇa","spring, fountain"]]],["mukhaiḥ","with faces"],["rudantyaḥ","weeping"],["śokasaṃtaptāḥ","burning with grief","",[["śoka","grief"],["saṃtapta","scorched, tormented"]]],["kṛpaṇaṃ","piteously"],["paryadevayan","lamented"]]},{"v":16,"ref":"2.060.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"niśānakṣatrahīneva strīva bhartṛvivarjitā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"purī nārājatāyodhyā hīnā rājñā mahātmanā","q":null}],"tr":"Like a night bereft of stars, like a woman deprived of her husband, the city of Ayodhyā, robbed of its great-souled king, gave no radiance.","w":[["niśānakṣatrahīneva","like a night bereft of stars","niśā-nakṣatra-hīnā iva",[["niśā","night"],["nakṣatra","star"],["hīna","bereft of"]]],["strīva","like a woman","strī iva"],["bhartṛvivarjitā","deprived of her husband","",[["bhartṛ","husband"],["vivarjita","deprived, forsaken"]]],["purī","the city"],["nārājatāyodhyā","Ayodhyā did not shine","na arājata ayodhyā"],["hīnā","bereft"],["rājñā","of the king"],["mahātmanā","the great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]]]},{"v":17,"ref":"2.060.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bāṣpaparyākulajanā hāhābhūtakulāṅganā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śūnyacatvaraveśmāntā na babhrāja yathāpuram","q":null}],"tr":"Its people bewildered with tears, its noble women crying 'Alas!', its squares and houses left desolate, the city no longer shone as before.","w":[["bāṣpaparyākulajanā","its people confounded with tears","",[["bāṣpa","tears"],["paryākula","confounded, agitated"],["jana","people"]]],["hāhābhūtakulāṅganā","its noble women crying 'alas!'","hāhā-bhūta-kula-aṅganā",[["hāhā","alas"],["bhūta","become"],["kula","noble family"],["aṅganā","woman"]]],["śūnyacatvaraveśmāntā","with empty squares and house-interiors","śūnya-catvara-veśma-antā",[["śūnya","empty"],["catvara","square, crossroads"],["veśman","house"],["anta","interior, end"]]],["na babhrāja","did not shine"],["yathāpuram","as before"]]},{"v":18,"ref":"2.060.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"gataprabhā dyaur iva bhāskaraṃ vinā vyapetanakṣatragaṇeva śarvarī","q":["gataprabhā dyaur iva bhāskaraṃ vinā","vyapetanakṣatragaṇeva śarvarī"]},{"p":"c","t":"purī babhāse rahitā mahātmanā na cāsrakaṇṭhākulamārgacatvarā","q":["purī babhāse rahitā mahātmanā","na cāsrakaṇṭhākulamārgacatvarā"]}],"tr":"Like the sky whose brightness is gone without the sun, like a night from which the host of stars has departed, the city appeared, forsaken by its great-souled king, its roads and squares no longer thronged, its throats choked with tears.","w":[["gataprabhā","with its splendor gone","",[["gata","gone"],["prabhā","splendor"]]],["dyaur iva","like the sky","dyauḥ iva"],["bhāskaraṃ","the sun"],["vinā","without"],["vyapetanakṣatragaṇeva","like (a night) whose host of stars has departed","vyapeta-nakṣatra-gaṇā iva",[["vyapeta","departed"],["nakṣatra","star"],["gaṇa","host"]]],["śarvarī","night"],["purī","the city"],["babhāse","appeared, showed"],["rahitā","bereft, forsaken"],["mahātmanā","by the great-souled (king)","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["na cāsrakaṇṭhākulamārgacatvarā","and its streets and squares no longer thronged, throats choked with tears","na ca asra-kaṇṭha-ākula-mārga-catvarā",[["asra","tears"],["kaṇṭha","throat"],["ākula","crowded, choked"],["mārga","road"],["catvara","square"]]]]},{"v":19,"ref":"2.060.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"narāś ca nāryaś ca sametya saṃghaśo vigarhamāṇā bharatasya mātaram","q":["narāś ca nāryaś ca sametya saṃghaśo","vigarhamāṇā bharatasya mātaram"]},{"p":"c","t":"tadā nagaryāṃ naradevasaṃkṣaye babhūvur ārtā na ca śarma lebhire","q":["tadā nagaryāṃ naradevasaṃkṣaye","babhūvur ārtā na ca śarma lebhire"]}],"tr":"And the men and women, gathering in throngs and reviling Bharata's mother, were then, at the death of the king, stricken with grief throughout the city, and found no comfort.","w":[["narāś ca","and men","narāḥ ca"],["nāryaś ca","and women","nāryaḥ ca"],["sametya","having assembled"],["saṃghaśo","in throngs, in groups","saṃghaśaḥ"],["vigarhamāṇā","reviling, censuring"],["bharatasya","of Bharata"],["mātaram","the mother"],["tadā","then"],["nagaryāṃ","in the city"],["naradevasaṃkṣaye","at the death of the king (man-god)","nara-deva-saṃkṣaye",[["nara","man"],["deva","god"],["saṃkṣaya","destruction, death"]]],["babhūvur","became","babhūvuḥ"],["ārtā","afflicted","ārtāḥ"],["na ca","and not"],["śarma","peace, comfort"],["lebhire","obtained"]]}]}