{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":56,"title":"Kausalyā & Daśaratha reconcile","sentence":"He begs her to stop deepening his pain, she apologizes and says five nights of separation have felt like five years","portion":"Sumantra’s return and the parents’ grief","sequence":[[{"steps":["Daśaratha recalls the time he shot at an unseen target by sound (56.1–2)"],"from":1,"to":2,"sarga":56},{"steps":["burdened by that memory as well as the present separation, he begs Kausalyā not to wound him further (56.3–6)"],"from":3,"to":6,"sarga":56},{"steps":["she takes his folded hands and apologizes (56.7–9)"],"from":7,"to":9,"sarga":56},{"steps":["she says she knows his commitment to truth but that grief made her speak harshly (56.10–11)"],"from":10,"to":11,"sarga":56},{"steps":["she reflects that grief destroys judgment and endurance (56.12–13)"],"from":12,"to":13,"sarga":56},{"steps":["she says the five nights since Rāma left have felt like five years (56.14–15)"],"from":14,"to":15,"sarga":56},{"steps":["evening comes, and Daśaratha, somewhat comforted by her gentleness, falls asleep (56.16–17)."],"from":16,"to":17,"sarga":56}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.056.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"evaṃ tu kruddhayā rājā rāmamātrā saśokayā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śrāvitaḥ paruṣaṃ vākyaṃ cintayām āsa duḥkhitaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Thus made to hear harsh words by Rāma's angry, grief-stricken mother, the king, distressed, fell to brooding.","w":[["evaṃ","thus"],["tu","and"],["kruddhayā","by the angry (woman)"],["rājā","the king"],["rāmamātrā","by Rāma's mother","rāmamātrā",[["rāma","Rāma"],["mātṛ","mother"]]],["saśokayā","grief-stricken","",[["sa","with"],["śoka","grief"]]],["śrāvitaḥ","made to hear"],["paruṣaṃ","harsh"],["vākyaṃ","words"],["cintayām āsa","brooded, reflected"],["duḥkhitaḥ","distressed"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.056.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tasya cintayamānasya pratyabhāt karma duṣkṛtam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yad anena kṛtaṃ pūrvam ajñānāc chabdavedhinā","q":null}],"tr":"As he brooded, there rose before his mind an evil deed that he had done long ago in ignorance, shooting at a mere sound.","w":[["tasya","of him"],["cintayamānasya","as he was brooding"],["pratyabhāt","appeared, came to mind"],["karma","deed"],["duṣkṛtam","evil, ill-done","",[["dus","ill, bad"],["kṛta","done"]]],["yad","which","yat"],["anena","by him"],["kṛtaṃ","done"],["pūrvam","formerly"],["ajñānāc","out of ignorance","ajñānāt"],["chabdavedhinā","by (him) who shoots at sound","śabdavedhinā",[["śabda","sound"],["vedhin","piercer, marksman"]]]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.056.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"amanās tena śokena rāmaśokena ca prabhuḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dahyamānas tu śokābhyāṃ kausalyām āha bhūpatiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Out of his senses with that grief and with grief for Rāma, the lord, burning with both sorrows, the king spoke to Kausalyā:","w":[["amanās","out of his mind","amanāḥ"],["tena","by that"],["śokena","grief"],["rāmaśokena","by grief for Rāma","",[["rāma","Rāma"],["śoka","grief"]]],["ca","and"],["prabhuḥ","the lord"],["dahyamānas","being burned","dahyamānaḥ"],["tu","and"],["śokābhyāṃ","by the two griefs"],["kausalyām","to Kausalyā"],["āha","said"],["bhūpatiḥ","the king","bhūpatiḥ",[["bhū","earth"],["pati","lord"]]]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.056.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prasādaye tvāṃ kausalye racito 'yaṃ mayāñjaliḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vatsalā cānṛśaṃsā ca tvaṃ hi nityaṃ pareṣv api","q":null}],"tr":"I beg your favour, Kausalyā; this suppliant gesture is offered by me; for you are ever tender and free of cruelty, even toward strangers.","w":[["prasādaye","I beg the favour of"],["tvāṃ","you"],["kausalye","O Kausalyā"],["racito","made, formed","racitaḥ"],["'yaṃ","this","ayaṃ"],["mayāñjaliḥ","by me the joined-palms","mayā añjaliḥ"],["vatsalā","affectionate, tender"],["cānṛśaṃsā","and free of cruelty","ca anṛśaṃsā",[["a","without"],["nṛśaṃsa","cruel"]]],["ca","and"],["tvaṃ","you"],["hi","for, indeed"],["nityaṃ","always"],["pareṣv","toward others","pareṣu"],["api","even"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.056.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bhartā tu khalu nārīṇāṃ guṇavān nirguṇo 'pi vā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dharmaṃ vimṛśamānānāṃ pratyakṣaṃ devi daivatam","q":null}],"tr":"For a husband, O queen, whether he has virtues or none, is truly for women who ponder dharma their visible deity.","w":[["bhartā","husband"],["tu","indeed"],["khalu","truly"],["nārīṇāṃ","of women"],["guṇavān","possessed of virtues"],["nirguṇo","without virtue","nirguṇaḥ",[["nir","without"],["guṇa","virtue"]]],["'pi","even","api"],["vā","or"],["dharmaṃ","dharma"],["vimṛśamānānāṃ","of (women) reflecting on"],["pratyakṣaṃ","visible, present before the eyes"],["devi","O queen"],["daivatam","deity"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.056.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sā tvaṃ dharmaparā nityaṃ dṛṣṭalokaparāvara","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nārhase vipriyaṃ vaktuṃ duḥkhitāpi suduḥkhitam","q":null}],"tr":"You, ever devoted to dharma, who have seen the higher and lower worlds, ought not, even in your own grief, to speak what is unwelcome to one so deeply grieved.","w":[["sā","she, such"],["tvaṃ","you"],["dharmaparā","devoted to dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["para","intent on"]]],["nityaṃ","always"],["dṛṣṭalokaparāvara","O you who have perceived the higher and lower of the world","",[["dṛṣṭa","seen"],["loka","world"],["parāvara","higher and lower"]]],["nārhase","you ought not","na arhase"],["vipriyaṃ","an unwelcome thing","",[["vi","un-"],["priya","dear, pleasing"]]],["vaktuṃ","to speak"],["duḥkhitāpi","though grieved","duḥkhitā api"],["suduḥkhitam","to one deeply grieved","",[["su","very"],["duḥkhita","grieved"]]]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.056.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tad vākyaṃ karuṇaṃ rājñaḥ śrutvā dīnasya bhāṣitam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kausalyā vyasṛjad bāṣpaṃ praṇālīva navodakam","q":null}],"tr":"Hearing that piteous speech uttered by the wretched king, Kausalyā let her tears flow, like a channel [releasing] fresh water.","w":[["tad","that","tat"],["vākyaṃ","speech"],["karuṇaṃ","piteous"],["rājñaḥ","of the king"],["śrutvā","having heard"],["dīnasya","of the wretched"],["bhāṣitam","spoken, uttered"],["kausalyā","Kausalyā"],["vyasṛjad","released, let flow","vyasṛjat"],["bāṣpaṃ","tears"],["praṇālīva","like a channel","praṇālī iva"],["navodakam","fresh water","nava udakam",[["nava","fresh, new"],["udaka","water"]]]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.056.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa mūdrhṇi baddhvā rudatī rājñaḥ padmam ivāñjalim","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"saṃbhramād abravīt trastā tvaramāṇākṣaraṃ vacaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Weeping, holding to her head the king's suppliant hands like a lotus, in agitation and fright she spoke words whose syllables came in haste:","w":[["sa","she","sā"],["mūdrhṇi","on (her) head","mūrdhni"],["baddhvā","having clasped"],["rudatī","weeping"],["rājñaḥ","the king's"],["padmam","a lotus"],["ivāñjalim","like the joined palms","iva añjalim"],["saṃbhramād","out of agitation","saṃbhramāt"],["abravīt","said"],["trastā","frightened"],["tvaramāṇākṣaraṃ","with hurrying syllables","tvaramāṇa akṣaraṃ",[["tvaramāṇa","hurrying"],["akṣara","syllable"]]],["vacaḥ","words"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.056.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prasīda śirasā yāce bhūmau nitatitāsmi te","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yācitāsmi hatā deva hantavyāhaṃ na hi tvayā","q":null}],"tr":"Be gracious! With bowed head I entreat you; I have fallen to the ground before you. I beg you—undone am I, O king; yet I am not one to be slain by you.","w":[["prasīda","be gracious"],["śirasā","with (my) head"],["yāce","I entreat"],["bhūmau","on the ground"],["nitatitāsmi","I have fallen down","nipatitā asmi"],["te","before you"],["yācitāsmi","I have begged","yācitā asmi"],["hatā","undone, slain"],["deva","O lord"],["hantavyāhaṃ","I am to be slain","hantavyā ahaṃ"],["na","not"],["hi","indeed"],["tvayā","by you"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.056.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"naiṣā hi sā strī bhavati ślāghanīyena dhīmatā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ubhayor lokayor vīra patyā yā saṃprasādyate","q":null}],"tr":"For that woman, O hero, who must be conciliated by a praiseworthy, wise husband, does not fare well in either world.","w":[["naiṣā","she is not this","na eṣā"],["hi","for"],["sā","that"],["strī","woman"],["bhavati","becomes, is"],["ślāghanīyena","by the praiseworthy"],["dhīmatā","by the wise"],["ubhayor","in both","ubhayoḥ"],["lokayor","worlds","lokayoḥ"],["vīra","O hero"],["patyā","by a husband"],["yā","who"],["saṃprasādyate","is conciliated"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.056.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"jānāmi dharmaṃ dharmajña tvāṃ jāne satyavādinam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"putraśokārtayā tat tu mayā kim api bhāṣitam","q":null}],"tr":"I know dharma, O knower of dharma; I know you to be a speaker of truth. But that unbecoming word was uttered by me, stricken as I am with grief for my son.","w":[["jānāmi","I know"],["dharmaṃ","dharma"],["dharmajña","O knower of dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["jña","knower"]]],["tvāṃ","you"],["jāne","I know"],["satyavādinam","a truth-speaker","",[["satya","truth"],["vādin","speaker"]]],["putraśokārtayā","by (me) afflicted with grief for a son","",[["putra","son"],["śoka","grief"],["ārta","afflicted"]]],["tat","that"],["tu","but"],["mayā","by me"],["kim api","something (unbecoming)"],["bhāṣitam","was spoken"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.056.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śoko nāśayate dhairyaṃ śoko nāśayate śrutam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śoko nāśayate sarvaṃ nāsti śokasamo ripuḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Grief destroys firmness; grief destroys learning; grief destroys everything—there is no enemy like grief.","w":[["śoko","grief","śokaḥ"],["nāśayate","destroys"],["dhairyaṃ","firmness"],["śoko","grief","śokaḥ"],["nāśayate","destroys"],["śrutam","learning, sacred lore"],["śoko","grief","śokaḥ"],["nāśayate","destroys"],["sarvaṃ","everything"],["nāsti","there is not","na asti"],["śokasamo","equal to grief","śokasamaḥ",[["śoka","grief"],["sama","equal"]]],["ripuḥ","enemy"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.056.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śayam āpatitaḥ soḍhuṃ praharo ripuhastataḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"soḍhum āpatitaḥ śokaḥ susūkṣmo 'pi na śakyate","q":null}],"tr":"A blow fallen from an enemy's hand may be borne; but grief once come, even the very subtlest, cannot be endured.","w":[["śayam","possible (to bear)","śakyam"],["āpatitaḥ","fallen upon"],["soḍhuṃ","to bear"],["praharo","a blow","prahāraḥ"],["ripuhastataḥ","from the enemy's hand","",[["ripu","enemy"],["hasta","hand"]]],["soḍhum","to bear"],["āpatitaḥ","come upon"],["śokaḥ","grief"],["susūkṣmo","very subtle","susūkṣmaḥ",[["su","very"],["sūkṣma","subtle, fine"]]],["'pi","even","api"],["na","not"],["śakyate","is able (to be endured)"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.056.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vanavāsāya rāmasya pañcarātro 'dya gaṇyate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yaḥ śokahataharṣāyāḥ pañcavarṣopamo mama","q":null}],"tr":"Today the fifth night is reckoned since Rāma's going to dwell in the forest—a night which, to me whose joy is slain by grief, is like five years.","w":[["vanavāsāya","for dwelling in the forest","",[["vana","forest"],["vāsa","dwelling"]]],["rāmasya","of Rāma"],["pañcarātro","the fifth night","pañcarātraḥ",[["pañca","five"],["rātra","night"]]],["'dya","today","adya"],["gaṇyate","is counted"],["yaḥ","which"],["śokahataharṣāyāḥ","of (me) whose joy is slain by grief","",[["śoka","grief"],["hata","slain"],["harṣa","joy"]]],["pañcavarṣopamo","like five years","pañcavarṣa upamaḥ",[["pañca","five"],["varṣa","year"],["upama","like"]]],["mama","to me"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.056.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"taṃ hi cintayamānāyāḥ śoko 'yaṃ hṛdi vardhate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"adīnām iva vegena samudrasalilaṃ mahat","q":null}],"tr":"As I brood upon him, this grief swells in my heart, as the great ocean-water swells with the force of the rivers.","w":[["taṃ","him"],["hi","indeed"],["cintayamānāyāḥ","of (me) brooding"],["śoko","grief","śokaḥ"],["'yaṃ","this","ayaṃ"],["hṛdi","in the heart"],["vardhate","grows, swells"],["adīnām","of the rivers","nadīnām"],["iva","like"],["vegena","with the force"],["samudrasalilaṃ","the ocean-water","",[["samudra","ocean"],["salila","water"]]],["mahat","great"]]},{"v":16,"ref":"2.056.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"evaṃ hi kathayantyās tu kausalyāyāḥ śubhaṃ vacaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mandaraśmir abhūt suryo rajanī cābhyavartata","q":null}],"tr":"As Kausalyā was thus uttering her gracious words, the sun grew dim of ray and the night came on.","w":[["evaṃ","thus"],["hi","indeed"],["kathayantyās","of (her) speaking","kathayantyāḥ"],["tu","and"],["kausalyāyāḥ","of Kausalyā"],["śubhaṃ","auspicious, gracious"],["vacaḥ","words"],["mandaraśmir","of dim rays","mandaraśmiḥ",[["manda","dim, faint"],["raśmi","ray"]]],["abhūt","became"],["suryo","the sun","sūryaḥ"],["rajanī","the night"],["cābhyavartata","and drew on","ca abhyavartata"]]},{"v":17,"ref":"2.056.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"atha prahlādito vākyair devyā kausalyayā nṛpaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śokena ca samākrānto nidrāyā vaśam eyivān","q":null}],"tr":"Then, gladdened by the words of Queen Kausalyā yet overwhelmed by grief, the king passed under the sway of sleep.","w":[["atha","then"],["prahlādito","gladdened","prahlāditaḥ"],["vākyair","by the words","vākyaiḥ"],["devyā","by the queen"],["kausalyayā","by Kausalyā"],["nṛpaḥ","the king"],["śokena","by grief"],["ca","and"],["samākrānto","overwhelmed","samākrāntaḥ"],["nidrāyā","of sleep","nidrāyāḥ"],["vaśam","under the sway"],["eyivān","came, went"]]}]}