{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":43,"title":"Rāma crosses Kosala’s rivers","sentence":"He crosses the Vedaśruti, Gomatī & Syandikā, shows Sītā the ancestral lands and longs to see his parents again","portion":"The river journey to Citrakūṭa","sequence":[[{"steps":["Rāma continues through the remaining night, performs his dawn worship, and travels past outlying villages and forests (43.1–3)"],"from":1,"to":3,"sarga":43},{"steps":["along the way he hears villagers condemn Daśaratha's decision and Kaikeyī's demands (43.4–7)"],"from":4,"to":7,"sarga":43},{"steps":["heading toward the country associated with Agastya, the travelers cross the Vedaśruti, then the Gomatī and Syandikā rivers (43.8–10)"],"from":8,"to":10,"sarga":43},{"steps":["Rāma points out to Sītā the prosperous country traditionally given by Manu to Ikṣvāku (43.11–12)"],"from":11,"to":12,"sarga":43},{"steps":["speaking with Sumantra, he wonders when he will return to his parents and once again visit the Sarayū's woods (43.13–15)."],"from":13,"to":15,"sarga":43}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.043.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"rāmo 'pi rātriśeṣeṇa tenaiva mahad antaram","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"jagāma puruṣavyāghraḥ pitur ājñām anusmaran","q":null}],"tr":"Rāma too, the tiger among men, in just that remainder of the night traversed a great distance, mindful of his father's command.","w":[["rāmo 'pi","Rāma too","rāmaḥ api"],["rātriśeṣeṇa","with the remainder of the night","",[["rātri","night"],["śeṣa","remainder, rest"]]],["tenaiva","by that very","tena eva"],["mahad antaram","a great distance","mahat antaram"],["jagāma","went, traversed"],["puruṣavyāghraḥ","the tiger among men","",[["puruṣa","man"],["vyāghra","tiger"]]],["pitur","of his father","pituḥ"],["ājñām","command"],["anusmaran","remembering, mindful of"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.043.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tathaiva gacchatas tasya vyapāyād rajanī śivā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"upāsya sa śivāṃ saṃdhyāṃ viṣayāntaṃ vyagāhata","q":null}],"tr":"As he journeyed on in the same way, the auspicious night wore away; and having worshipped the holy twilight, he plunged into the far border of the kingdom.","w":[["tathaiva","just so, in the same way","tathā eva"],["gacchatas tasya","as he was going","gacchataḥ tasya (gen. abs.)"],["vyapāyād","passed away, wore away","vyapāyāt"],["rajanī","the night"],["śivā","auspicious"],["upāsya","having worshipped, attended upon"],["sa","he"],["śivāṃ","holy, auspicious"],["saṃdhyāṃ","the twilight"],["viṣayāntaṃ","the border of the kingdom","",[["viṣaya","kingdom, territory"],["anta","end, border"]]],["vyagāhata","plunged into, entered"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.043.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"grāmān vikṛṣṭasīmāṃs tān puṣpitāni vanāni ca","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"paśyann atiyayau śīghraṃ śarair iva hayottamaiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Gazing on those villages with their far-flung boundaries and the flowering forests, he swept swiftly past, as if borne on arrows, by his excellent horses.","w":[["grāmān","the villages"],["vikṛṣṭasīmāṃs","with far-drawn boundaries","vikṛṣṭasīmān",[["vikṛṣṭa","drawn apart, extended"],["sīman","boundary"]]],["tān","those"],["puṣpitāni","flowering, in bloom"],["vanāni","forests"],["ca","and"],["paśyann","gazing, seeing","paśyan"],["atiyayau","passed swiftly by, went past"],["śīghraṃ","swiftly"],["śarair iva","as if by arrows","śaraiḥ iva"],["hayottamaiḥ","by his excellent horses","",[["haya","horse"],["uttama","best, excellent"]]]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.043.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śṛṇvan vāco manuṣyāṇāṃ grāmasaṃvāsavāsinām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rājānaṃ dhig daśarathaṃ kāmasya vaśam āgatam","q":null}],"tr":"hearing the words of the people who dwelt together in the villages: 'A curse on King Daśaratha, fallen under the sway of desire —","w":[["śṛṇvan","hearing"],["vāco","the words","vācaḥ"],["manuṣyāṇāṃ","of the people"],["grāmasaṃvāsavāsinām","of those dwelling together in the villages","",[["grāma","village"],["saṃvāsa","dwelling together"],["vāsin","dweller"]]],["rājānaṃ","the king"],["dhig","fie upon, a curse on","dhik"],["daśarathaṃ","Daśaratha"],["kāmasya","of desire"],["vaśam","the sway, power"],["āgatam","come under, fallen into"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.043.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"hā nṛśaṃsādya kaikeyī pāpā pāpānubandhinī","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tīkṣṇā saṃbhinnamaryādā tīkṣṇe karmaṇi vartate","q":null}],"tr":"Alas, cruel this day is Kaikeyī, wicked and pursuing wickedness, harsh, having shattered all bounds of propriety, she engages in a harsh deed —","w":[["hā","alas"],["nṛśaṃsādya","cruel this day","nṛśaṃsā adya"],["kaikeyī","Kaikeyī"],["pāpā","wicked, sinful"],["pāpānubandhinī","pursuing sin, bent on wickedness","pāpa-anubandhinī",[["pāpa","sin, evil"],["anubandhin","pursuing, attached to"]]],["tīkṣṇā","harsh, fierce"],["saṃbhinnamaryādā","having broken the bounds of propriety","",[["saṃbhinna","broken, shattered"],["maryādā","bound, limit of propriety"]]],["tīkṣṇe","in a harsh"],["karmaṇi","deed"],["vartate","engages, acts"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.043.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yā putram īdṛśaṃ rājñaḥ pravāsayati dhārmikam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vana vāse mahāprājñaṃ sānukrośam atandritam","q":null}],"tr":"she who drives into exile such a son of the king — righteous, greatly wise, compassionate and unwearied — to dwell in the forest!'","w":[["yā","she who"],["putram","the son"],["īdṛśaṃ","such a"],["rājñaḥ","of the king"],["pravāsayati","sends into exile, banishes"],["dhārmikam","righteous"],["vana vāse","to dwelling in the forest","",[["vana","forest"],["vāsa","dwelling, residence"]]],["mahāprājñaṃ","greatly wise","",[["mahā","great"],["prājña","wise, sagacious"]]],["sānukrośam","compassionate","sa-anukrośam",[["sa","with"],["anukrośa","compassion, pity"]]],["atandritam","unwearied, diligent"]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.043.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"etā vāco manuṣyāṇāṃ grāmasaṃvāsavāsinām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śṛṇvann atiyayau vīraḥ kosalān kosaleśvaraḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Hearing these words of the people who dwelt together in the villages, the hero, lord of the Kosalas, passed on beyond the Kosala lands.","w":[["etā","these"],["vāco","the words","vācaḥ"],["manuṣyāṇāṃ","of the people"],["grāmasaṃvāsavāsinām","of those dwelling together in the villages","",[["grāma","village"],["saṃvāsa","dwelling together"],["vāsin","dweller"]]],["śṛṇvann","hearing","śṛṇvan"],["atiyayau","passed on beyond"],["vīraḥ","the hero"],["kosalān","the Kosala lands"],["kosaleśvaraḥ","the lord of the Kosalas","kosala-īśvaraḥ",[["kosala","Kosala"],["īśvara","lord"]]]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.043.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tato vedaśrutiṃ nāma śivavārivahāṃ nadīm","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"uttīryābhimukhaḥ prāyād agastyādhyuṣitāṃ diśam","q":null}],"tr":"Then, crossing the river named Vedaśruti, which bore auspicious waters, he went on facing the region inhabited by Agastya.","w":[["tato","then","tataḥ"],["vedaśrutiṃ","Vedaśruti"],["nāma","by name"],["śivavārivahāṃ","bearing auspicious waters","",[["śiva","auspicious"],["vāri","water"],["vahā","bearing, carrying"]]],["nadīm","the river"],["uttīryābhimukhaḥ","having crossed, facing (it)","uttīrya abhimukhaḥ"],["prāyād","went forth","prāyāt"],["agastyādhyuṣitāṃ","inhabited by Agastya","agastya-adhyuṣitāṃ",[["agastya","Agastya (the sage)"],["adhyuṣita","inhabited, dwelt in"]]],["diśam","the region, direction"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.043.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"gatvā tu suciraṃ kālaṃ tataḥ śītajalāṃ nadīm","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"gomatīṃ goyutānūpām atarat sāgaraṃgamām","q":null}],"tr":"After journeying a very long while, he then crossed the cool-watered river Gomatī, whose meadow-banks teemed with cattle, flowing on to the sea.","w":[["gatvā","having gone, journeyed"],["tu","and"],["suciraṃ","very long"],["kālaṃ","time"],["tataḥ","then"],["śītajalāṃ","cool-watered","",[["śīta","cool, cold"],["jala","water"]]],["nadīm","river"],["gomatīṃ","the Gomatī"],["goyutānūpām","with meadow-banks full of cattle","go-yuta-anūpām",[["go","cow, cattle"],["yuta","joined with, full of"],["anūpa","watery meadow, riverbank"]]],["atarat","crossed"],["sāgaraṃgamām","flowing to the sea","sāgaram-gamām",[["sāgara","ocean, sea"],["gama","going"]]]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.043.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"gomatīṃ cāpy atikramya rāghavaḥ śīghragair hayaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mayūrahaṃsābhirutāṃ tatāra syandikāṃ nadīm","q":null}],"tr":"And crossing the Gomatī too, Rāghava, with his swift-going horses, forded the river Syandikā, loud with the cries of peacocks and geese.","w":[["gomatīṃ","the Gomatī"],["cāpy","and also","ca api"],["atikramya","having crossed, gone beyond"],["rāghavaḥ","Rāghava"],["śīghragair","with swift-going","śīghragaiḥ",[["śīghra","swift, fast"],["ga","going"]]],["hayaiḥ","horses"],["mayūrahaṃsābhirutāṃ","resounding with peacocks and geese","",[["mayūra","peacock"],["haṃsa","goose, swan"],["abhiruta","resounding, cried out"]]],["tatāra","crossed, forded"],["syandikāṃ","the Syandikā"],["nadīm","river"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.043.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa mahīṃ manunā rājñā dattām ikṣvākave purā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sphītāṃ rāṣṭrāvṛtāṃ rāmo vaidehīm anvadarśayat","q":null}],"tr":"Rāma pointed out to Vaidehī the land that King Manu had given of old to Ikṣvāku, prosperous and covered with realms.","w":[["sa","he"],["mahīṃ","the land, earth"],["manunā","by Manu"],["rājñā","the king"],["dattām","given"],["ikṣvākave","to Ikṣvāku"],["purā","of old, long ago"],["sphītāṃ","flourishing, prosperous"],["rāṣṭrāvṛtāṃ","covered with realms","rāṣṭra-āvṛtāṃ",[["rāṣṭra","kingdom, realm"],["āvṛta","covered, surrounded"]]],["rāmo","Rāma","rāmaḥ"],["vaidehīm","to Vaidehī (Sītā)"],["anvadarśayat","pointed out, showed"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.043.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sūta ity eva cābhāṣya sārathiṃ tam abhīkṣṇaśaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"haṃsamattasvaraḥ śrīmān uvāca puruṣarṣabhaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"And addressing that charioteer again and again with 'O charioteer,' the illustrious bull among men, his voice like an exultant swan's, spoke:","w":[["sūta","'O charioteer'"],["ity eva","thus indeed","iti eva"],["cābhāṣya","and having addressed","ca ābhāṣya"],["sārathiṃ","the charioteer"],["tam","him, that"],["abhīkṣṇaśaḥ","again and again, repeatedly"],["haṃsamattasvaraḥ","with voice like an exultant swan","",[["haṃsa","swan, goose"],["matta","excited, exultant"],["svara","voice, sound"]]],["śrīmān","the illustrious one"],["uvāca","said, spoke"],["puruṣarṣabhaḥ","the bull among men","puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ",[["puruṣa","man"],["ṛṣabha","bull, best of"]]]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.043.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kadāhaṃ punar āgamya sarayvāḥ puṣpite vane","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mṛgayāṃ paryāṭaṣyāmi mātrā pitrā ca saṃgataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"'When shall I come back again and roam in the chase in the flowering forest of the Sarayū, reunited with my mother and father?'","w":[["kadāhaṃ","when shall I","kadā ahaṃ"],["punar","again"],["āgamya","having come back, returned"],["sarayvāḥ","of the Sarayū","sarayvāḥ"],["puṣpite","flowering, in bloom"],["vane","in the forest"],["mṛgayāṃ","the hunt, chase"],["paryāṭaṣyāmi","shall roam about, range","paryaṭiṣyāmi (roam about)"],["mātrā","with mother"],["pitrā","with father"],["ca","and"],["saṃgataḥ","reunited, joined together"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.043.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nātyartham abhikāṅkṣāmi mṛgayāṃ sarayūvane","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ratir hy eṣātulā loke rājarṣigaṇasaṃmatā","q":null}],"tr":"'Not overmuch do I long for the hunt in the Sarayū forest — yet this is a peerless delight in the world, esteemed by the whole host of royal seers.'","w":[["nātyartham","not overmuch, not excessively","na atyartham"],["abhikāṅkṣāmi","I long for, desire"],["mṛgayāṃ","the hunt, chase"],["sarayūvane","in the Sarayū forest","sarayū-vane",[["sarayū","the Sarayū river"],["vana","forest"]]],["ratir","delight, pleasure","ratiḥ"],["hy","for, indeed","hi"],["eṣātulā","this peerless (one)","eṣā atulā"],["loke","in the world"],["rājarṣigaṇasaṃmatā","esteemed by the host of royal seers","",[["rājarṣi","royal seer"],["gaṇa","host, multitude"],["saṃmata","esteemed, approved"]]]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.043.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa tam adhvānam aikṣvākaḥ sūtaṃ madhurayā girā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"taṃ tam artham abhipretya yayauvākyam udīrayan","q":null}],"tr":"Uttering to the charioteer, in sweet speech, words aimed now at this matter and now at that, the scion of Ikṣvāku traversed that road.","w":[["sa","he"],["tam","that"],["adhvānam","the road, journey"],["aikṣvākaḥ","the scion of Ikṣvāku"],["sūtaṃ","to the charioteer"],["madhurayā","with sweet"],["girā","speech, voice"],["taṃ tam artham","now this, now that matter"],["abhipretya","having in mind, aiming at"],["yayauvākyam","traversed (it); words","yayau vākyam"],["udīrayan","uttering, speaking forth"]]}]}