{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":25,"title":"Rāma describes the hardships of forest life","sentence":"Rāma describes the forest’s hunger, exposure, dangerous animals and tapasvin hardships, Sītā remains determined to accompany him","portion":"Sītā insists on joining Rāma","sequence":[[{"steps":["Rāma asks Sītā to reconsider for her own welfare (25.1–3)"],"from":1,"to":3,"sarga":25},{"steps":["he describes the frightening sounds of lions and mountain streams (25.4–6)"],"from":4,"to":6,"sarga":25},{"steps":["he explains that they will sleep on leaves on the ground, wear bark and matted hair, observe fasts, and face hunger, darkness, and harsh winds (25.7–9)"],"from":7,"to":9,"sarga":25},{"steps":["snakes may block the paths and waterways (25.10–11)"],"from":10,"to":11,"sarga":25},{"steps":["insects will bite them, and thorns and tangled grass will obstruct their way (25.12–13)"],"from":12,"to":13,"sarga":25},{"steps":["he concludes that the forest is unsuitable for her","Sītā remains determined and answers him again (25.14–15)."],"from":14,"to":15,"sarga":25}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.025.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa evaṃ bruvatīṃ sītāṃ dharmajño dharmavatsalaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nivartanārthe dharmātmā vākyam etad uvāca ha","q":null}],"tr":"To Sītā, speaking thus, that righteous soul, the knower and lover of dharma, in order to turn her back, spoke these words:","w":[["sa","he"],["evaṃ bruvatīṃ","speaking thus"],["sītāṃ","to Sītā"],["dharmajño","the knower of dharma","dharmajñaḥ",[["dharma","dharma"],["jña","knowing"]]],["dharmavatsalaḥ","the lover of dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["vatsala","fond of"]]],["nivartanārthe","in order to turn her back","nivartana-arthe",[["nivartana","turning back"],["artha","purpose"]]],["dharmātmā","the righteous soul","",[["dharma","dharma"],["ātman","soul"]]],["vākyam etad","this word"],["uvāca ha","spoke indeed"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.025.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sīte mahākulīnāsi dharme ca niratā sadā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ihācara svadharmaṃ tvaṃ mā yathā manasaḥ sukham","q":null}],"tr":"Sītā, you are of noble family and ever devoted to dharma; practice here your own duty, as brings happiness to the mind.","w":[["sīte","O Sītā"],["mahākulīnāsi","you are of noble family","mahākulīnā asi",[["mahā","great"],["kulīna","of good family"]]],["dharme ca niratā","and devoted to dharma"],["sadā","always"],["ihācara","practice here","iha ācara"],["svadharmaṃ","your own dharma","",[["sva","own"],["dharma","duty"]]],["tvaṃ","you"],["mā","(enclitic; here = me, for me)"],["yathā","as"],["manasaḥ sukham","happiness of mind"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.025.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sīte yathā tvāṃ vakṣyāmi tathā kāryaṃ tvayābale","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vane doṣā hi bahavo vadatas tān nibodha me","q":null}],"tr":"Sītā, as I shall tell you, so must you act, weak one; for there are many hardships in the forest—learn them from me as I speak.","w":[["sīte","O Sītā"],["yathā tvāṃ vakṣyāmi","as I shall tell you"],["tathā kāryaṃ","so is it to be done"],["tvayābale","by you, weak one","tvayā abale"],["vane","in the forest"],["doṣā hi bahavo","for many are the faults","doṣāḥ hi bahavaḥ"],["vadatas tān","those, as I tell them","vadataḥ tān"],["nibodha me","learn from me"]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.025.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sīte vimucyatām eṣā vanavāsakṛtā matiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bahudoṣaṃ hi kāntāraṃ vanam ity abhidhīyate","q":null}],"tr":"Sītā, let this resolve to dwell in the forest be given up; for the forest is spoken of as a wilderness full of dangers.","w":[["sīte","O Sītā"],["vimucyatām","let it be given up"],["eṣā","this"],["vanavāsakṛtā","made for forest-dwelling","",[["vana","forest"],["vāsa","dwelling"],["kṛtā","made, formed"]]],["matiḥ","resolve, intention"],["bahudoṣaṃ hi","for full of dangers","bahudoṣaṃ hi",[["bahu","many"],["doṣa","fault, danger"]]],["kāntāraṃ","wilderness"],["vanam","the forest"],["ity abhidhīyate","is so called","iti abhidhīyate"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.025.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"hitabuddhyā khalu vaco mayaitad abhidhīyate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sadā sukhaṃ na jānāmi duḥkham eva sadā vanam","q":null}],"tr":"It is indeed with a mind for your welfare that this word is spoken by me: I have never known the forest to be a pleasure, but always a sorrow.","w":[["hitabuddhyā","with a mind for welfare","",[["hita","welfare, good"],["buddhi","mind, intention"]]],["khalu","indeed"],["vaco","word","vacaḥ"],["mayaitad","this by me","mayā etad"],["abhidhīyate","is spoken"],["sadā sukhaṃ na jānāmi","I never know it to be a pleasure"],["duḥkham eva","only a sorrow"],["sadā","always"],["vanam","the forest"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.025.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"girinirjharasaṃbhūtā girikandaravāsinām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"siṃhānāṃ ninadā duḥkhāḥ śrotuṃ duḥkham ato vanam","q":null}],"tr":"The roars of the lions dwelling in mountain caves, rising up by the mountain torrents, are painful to hear; hence the forest is sorrow.","w":[["girinirjharasaṃbhūtā","rising up by the mountain torrents","",[["giri","mountain"],["nirjhara","torrent, cascade"],["saṃbhūta","arisen"]]],["girikandaravāsinām","of those dwelling in mountain caves","",[["giri","mountain"],["kandara","cave"],["vāsin","dwelling"]]],["siṃhānāṃ","of the lions"],["ninadā","the roars","ninadāḥ"],["duḥkhāḥ","painful"],["śrotuṃ","to hear"],["duḥkham ato vanam","hence the forest is sorrow","duḥkham ataḥ vanam"]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.025.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"supyate parṇaśayyāsu svayaṃ bhagnāsu bhūtale","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rātriṣu śramakhinnena tasmād duḥkhataraṃ vanam","q":null}],"tr":"One must sleep at night, worn out with toil, on beds of leaves broken off by oneself, upon the bare ground; therefore the forest is more painful still.","w":[["supyate","one sleeps"],["parṇaśayyāsu","on beds of leaves","",[["parṇa","leaf"],["śayyā","bed, couch"]]],["svayaṃ bhagnāsu","broken off by oneself"],["bhūtale","on the ground","",[["bhū","earth"],["tala","surface"]]],["rātriṣu","at nights"],["śramakhinnena","by one worn out with toil","",[["śrama","toil, fatigue"],["khinna","weary, distressed"]]],["tasmād duḥkhataraṃ vanam","therefore the forest is more painful","tasmāt duḥkhataraṃ vanam"]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.025.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"upavāsaś ca kartavyā yathāprāṇena maithili","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"jaṭābhāraś ca kartavyo valkalāmbaradhāriṇā","q":null}],"tr":"And fasting must be undertaken according to one's strength, Maithilī; and a burden of matted locks must be borne by one who wears garments of bark.","w":[["upavāsaś ca kartavyā","and fasting must be done","upavāsaḥ ca kartavyā"],["yathāprāṇena","according to one's strength","",[["yathā","according to"],["prāṇa","vital strength"]]],["maithili","O Maithilī"],["jaṭābhāraś ca","and the burden of matted hair","jaṭābhāraḥ ca",[["jaṭā","matted hair"],["bhāra","burden, load"]]],["kartavyo","must be borne","kartavyaḥ"],["valkalāmbaradhāriṇā","by one wearing bark garments","",[["valkala","bark"],["ambara","garment"],["dhārin","wearing"]]]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.025.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"atīva vātas timiraṃ bubhukṣā cātra nityaśaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bhayāni ca mahānty atra tato duḥkhataraṃ vanam","q":null}],"tr":"Excessive wind, darkness, and constant hunger are here, and great terrors here too; hence the forest is more painful still.","w":[["atīva","excessive"],["vātas","wind","vātaḥ"],["timiraṃ","darkness"],["bubhukṣā cātra","and hunger here","bubhukṣā ca atra"],["nityaśaḥ","constantly"],["bhayāni ca","and fears"],["mahānty atra","great here","mahānti atra"],["tato duḥkhataraṃ vanam","hence the forest is more painful","tataḥ duḥkhataraṃ vanam"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.025.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sarīsṛpāś ca bahavo bahurūpāś ca bhāmini","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"caranti pṛthivīṃ darpād ato dukhataraṃ vanam","q":null}],"tr":"And many serpents of many shapes, O lovely one, roam the earth in their insolence; hence the forest is more painful still.","w":[["sarīsṛpāś ca bahavo","and many creeping things","sarīsṛpāḥ ca bahavaḥ"],["bahurūpāś ca","and of many shapes","bahurūpāḥ ca",[["bahu","many"],["rūpa","form, shape"]]],["bhāmini","O radiant one"],["caranti","they roam"],["pṛthivīṃ","the earth"],["darpād","out of insolence","darpāt"],["ato dukhataraṃ vanam","hence the forest is more painful","ataḥ duḥkhataraṃ vanam"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.025.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nadīnilayanāḥ sarpā nadīkuṭilagāminaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tiṣṭhanty āvṛtya panthānam ato duḥkhataraṃ vanam","q":null}],"tr":"Serpents that make their homes in rivers, gliding in windings like a river, lie blocking the path; hence the forest is more painful still.","w":[["nadīnilayanāḥ","having their abode in rivers","",[["nadī","river"],["nilayana","abode, resting-place"]]],["sarpā","serpents","sarpāḥ"],["nadīkuṭilagāminaḥ","gliding in windings like a river","",[["nadī","river"],["kuṭila","crooked, winding"],["gāmin","going, moving"]]],["tiṣṭhanty āvṛtya","they lie having covered","tiṣṭhanti āvṛtya"],["panthānam","the path"],["ato duḥkhataraṃ vanam","hence the forest is more painful","ataḥ duḥkhataraṃ vanam"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.025.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"pataṃgā vṛścikāḥ kīṭā daṃśāś ca maśakaiḥ saha","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bādhante nityam abale sarvaṃ duḥkham ato vanam","q":null}],"tr":"Locusts, scorpions, insects, and gadflies together with mosquitoes constantly torment one, weak lady; all is sorrow, hence the forest.","w":[["pataṃgā","locusts, moths","pataṃgāḥ"],["vṛścikāḥ","scorpions"],["kīṭā","insects","kīṭāḥ"],["daṃśāś ca","and gadflies","daṃśāḥ ca"],["maśakaiḥ saha","together with mosquitoes"],["bādhante","they torment"],["nityam","constantly"],["abale","O weak one"],["sarvaṃ duḥkham","all is sorrow"],["ato vanam","hence the forest","ataḥ vanam"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.025.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"drumāḥ kaṇṭakinaś caiva kuśakāśāś ca bhāmini","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vane vyākulaśākhāgrās tena duḥkhataraṃ vanam","q":null}],"tr":"Thorny trees, and kuśa and kāśa grasses, O lovely one, with branch-tips all entangled in the forest—by that the forest is more painful still.","w":[["drumāḥ","trees"],["kaṇṭakinaś caiva","and thorny","kaṇṭakinaḥ ca eva"],["kuśakāśāś ca","and kuśa and kāśa grasses","kuśakāśāḥ ca",[["kuśa","kuśa-grass"],["kāśa","kāśa-grass"]]],["bhāmini","O radiant one"],["vane","in the forest"],["vyākulaśākhāgrās","with tangled branch-tips","vyākulaśākhāgrāḥ",[["vyākula","confused, tangled"],["śākhā","branch"],["agra","tip"]]],["tena duḥkhataraṃ vanam","by that the forest is more painful"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.025.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tad alaṃ te vanaṃ gatvā kṣamaṃ na hi vanaṃ tava","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vimṛśann iha paśyāmi bahudoṣataraṃ vanam","q":null}],"tr":"So enough of your going to the forest; the forest is not fit for you. Reflecting here, I see the forest as fraught with even greater dangers.","w":[["tad alaṃ","so enough"],["te","for you"],["vanaṃ gatvā","with going to the forest"],["kṣamaṃ na hi","for it is not fitting"],["vanaṃ tava","the forest for you"],["vimṛśann iha","reflecting here","vimṛśan iha"],["paśyāmi","I see"],["bahudoṣataraṃ","fraught with even greater dangers","",[["bahu","many"],["doṣa","fault, danger"],["tara","more"]]],["vanam","the forest"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.025.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vanaṃ tu netuṃ na kṛtā matis tadā babhūva rāmeṇa yadā mahātmanā","q":["vanaṃ tu netuṃ na kṛtā matis tadā","babhūva rāmeṇa yadā mahātmanā"]},{"p":"b","t":"babhūva rāmeṇa yadā mahātmanā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"na tasya sītā vacanaṃ cakāra tat tato 'bravīd rāmam idaṃ suduḥkhitā","q":["na tasya sītā vacanaṃ cakāra tat","tato 'bravīd rāmam idaṃ suduḥkhitā"]},{"p":"d","t":"tato 'bravīd rāmam idaṃ suduḥkhitā","q":null}],"tr":"But when the great-souled Rāma had formed no resolve to take her to the forest, Sītā did not act on that word of his; then, deeply grieved, she said this to Rāma.","w":[["vanaṃ tu netuṃ","but to take her to the forest"],["na kṛtā matis","no resolve was made","na kṛtā matiḥ"],["tadā","then"],["babhūva","was, became"],["rāmeṇa","by Rāma"],["yadā","when"],["mahātmanā","great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["na tasya sītā vacanaṃ cakāra tat","Sītā did not act on that word of his"],["tato 'bravīd","then she said","tataḥ abravīt"],["rāmam idaṃ","this to Rāma"],["suduḥkhitā","deeply grieved","",[["su","very"],["duḥkhita","grieved"]]]]}]}