{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":18,"title":"Resistance or obedience","sentence":"Lakṣmaṇa offers force and Kausalyā asks Rāma to stay, Rāma cites ancestral precedents and upholds his father’s word","portion":"Kausalyā’s grief and Lakṣmaṇa’s resistance","sequence":[[{"steps":["Lakṣmaṇa tells Kausalyā that Rāma has done nothing wrong and that an aging King led by his wife's wishes should not be obeyed in this matter (18.1–5)"],"from":1,"to":5,"sarga":18},{"steps":["he urges Rāma to take power before the decision becomes public (18.6–9)"],"from":6,"to":9,"sarga":18},{"steps":["he promises to defeat any opposition, including Bharata's supporters, and says that wherever Rāma goes, he will go first (18.10–15)"],"from":10,"to":15,"sarga":18},{"steps":["Kausalyā asks Rāma to stay and fulfill his duty to her instead; she threatens to fast to death if he leaves (18.16–24)"],"from":16,"to":24,"sarga":18},{"steps":["Rāma answers that he cannot disobey his father","he cites Kaṇḍu killing a cow at his father's command, Sagara's sons digging the earth and meeting destruction, and Paraśurāma striking down his mother with an axe on his father's orders","he presents their obedience as precedents for keeping his own father's word (18.25–31)"],"from":25,"to":31,"sarga":18},{"steps":["he tells Lakṣmaṇa that affection and military force cannot cancel a binding promise (18.32–36)"],"from":32,"to":36,"sarga":18},{"steps":["he asks his mother's permission and blessing, promising to return after completing the exile (18.37–40)."],"from":37,"to":40,"sarga":18}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.018.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tathā tu vilapantīṃ tāṃ kausalyāṃ rāmamātaram","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"uvāca lakṣmaṇo dīnas tat kālasadṛśaṃ vacaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"As Kausalyā, Rāma's mother, was lamenting thus, the dejected Lakṣmaṇa spoke to her these words befitting the moment.","w":[["tathā","thus"],["tu","and, but"],["vilapantīṃ","lamenting"],["tāṃ","her"],["kausalyāṃ","Kausalyā"],["rāmamātaram","Rāma's mother","",[["rāma","Rāma"],["mātṛ","mother"]]],["uvāca","spoke"],["lakṣmaṇo","Lakṣmaṇa","lakṣmaṇaḥ"],["dīnas","dejected, miserable","dīnaḥ"],["tat","that"],["kālasadṛśaṃ","befitting the moment","",[["kāla","time, moment"],["sadṛśa","fitting, suitable"]]],["vacaḥ","words, speech"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.018.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"na rocate mamāpy etad ārye yad rāghavo vanam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tyaktvā rājyaśriyaṃ gacchet striyā vākyavaśaṃ gataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"\"This does not please me either, noble lady—that Rāghava, fallen under the sway of a woman's word, should abandon the royal fortune and go to the forest.","w":[["na","not"],["rocate","pleases"],["mamāpy","to me too","mama api"],["etad","this","etat"],["ārye","O noble lady"],["yad","that","yat"],["rāghavo","Rāghava","rāghavaḥ"],["vanam","to the forest"],["tyaktvā","having abandoned"],["rājyaśriyaṃ","the royal fortune","rājyaśriya",[["rājya","kingdom, royal"],["śrī","fortune, splendour"]]],["gacchet","should go"],["striyā","of a woman"],["vākyavaśaṃ","under the sway of the word","",[["vākya","word, speech"],["vaśa","control, power"]]],["gataḥ","gone, fallen"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.018.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"viparītaś ca vṛddhaś ca viṣayaiś ca pradharṣitaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nṛpaḥ kim iva na brūyāc codyamānaḥ samanmathaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Perverse and aged and overcome by the objects of sense, what indeed would the king not say, being urged on and full of passion?","w":[["viparītaś","perverse, deranged","viparītaḥ"],["ca","and"],["vṛddhaś","aged, old","vṛddhaḥ"],["ca","and"],["viṣayaiś","by the objects of sense","viṣayaiḥ"],["ca","and"],["pradharṣitaḥ","overcome, assailed"],["nṛpaḥ","the king"],["kim","what"],["iva","indeed, as it were"],["na","not"],["brūyāc","would say","brūyāt"],["codyamānaḥ","being urged, incited"],["samanmathaḥ","full of passion, love","sa-manmathaḥ",[["sa","with"],["manmatha","love, passion"]]]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.018.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nāsyāparādhaṃ paśyāmi nāpi doṣaṃ tathā vidham","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yena nirvāsyate rāṣṭrād vanavāsāya rāghavaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"I see no offence of his, nor any fault of such a kind, for which Rāghava should be banished from the realm to dwell in the forest.","w":[["nāsyāparādhaṃ","not his offence","na asya aparādhaṃ",[["a","without, mis-"],["parādha","offence, fault"]]],["paśyāmi","I see"],["nāpi","nor even","na api"],["doṣaṃ","fault, flaw"],["tathā","such"],["vidham","of a kind"],["yena","by which, for which"],["nirvāsyate","he is banished"],["rāṣṭrād","from the realm","rāṣṭrāt"],["vanavāsāya","for dwelling in the forest","",[["vana","forest"],["vāsa","dwelling"]]],["rāghavaḥ","Rāghava"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.018.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"na taṃ paśyāmy ahaṃ loke parokṣam api yo naraḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"amitro 'pi nirasto 'pi yo 'sya doṣam udāharet","q":null}],"tr":"I do not see in this world the man—even in secret, even an enemy, even one who is cast out—who could cite a single fault of his.","w":[["na","not"],["taṃ","that (man)"],["paśyāmy","I see","paśyāmi"],["ahaṃ","I"],["loke","in the world"],["parokṣam","in secret, out of sight"],["api","even"],["yo","who","yaḥ"],["naraḥ","the man"],["amitro","an enemy","amitraḥ",[["a","non-"],["mitra","friend"]]],["'pi","even","api"],["nirasto","cast out, rejected","nirastaḥ"],["'pi","even","api"],["yo","who","yaḥ"],["'sya","of his","asya"],["doṣam","fault"],["udāharet","would cite, adduce"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.018.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"devakalpam ṛjuṃ dāntaṃ ripūṇām api vatsalam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"avekṣamāṇaḥ ko dharmaṃ tyajet putram akāraṇāt","q":null}],"tr":"Who, having regard for dharma, would abandon without cause a son godlike, upright, self-controlled, and tender even to his foes?","w":[["devakalpam","godlike","",[["deva","god"],["kalpa","like, resembling"]]],["ṛjuṃ","upright, straight"],["dāntaṃ","self-controlled"],["ripūṇām","of foes"],["api","even"],["vatsalam","tender, affectionate"],["avekṣamāṇaḥ","having regard, considering"],["ko","who","kaḥ"],["dharmaṃ","dharma"],["tyajet","would abandon"],["putram","a son"],["akāraṇāt","without cause","",[["a","without"],["kāraṇa","cause, reason"]]]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.018.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tad idaṃ vacanaṃ rājñaḥ punar bālyam upeyuṣaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"putraḥ ko hṛdaye kuryād rājavṛttam anusmaran","q":null}],"tr":"What son, remembering the conduct proper to kings, would take to heart this command of a king who has fallen back into childishness?","w":[["tad","that","tat"],["idaṃ","this"],["vacanaṃ","word, command"],["rājñaḥ","of the king"],["punar","again","punaḥ"],["bālyam","childishness"],["upeyuṣaḥ","having reached, fallen into"],["putraḥ","son"],["ko","who","kaḥ"],["hṛdaye","in the heart"],["kuryād","would make, hold","kuryāt"],["rājavṛttam","the conduct of kings","",[["rāja","king"],["vṛtta","conduct, behaviour"]]],["anusmaran","remembering"]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.018.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yāvad eva na jānāti kaś cid artham imaṃ naraḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tāvad eva mayā sādham ātmasthaṃ kuru śāsanam","q":null}],"tr":"While not a single man yet knows of this matter, this very moment, with me at your side, take the sovereignty firmly into your own hands.","w":[["yāvad","as long as, while","yāvat"],["eva","just"],["na","not"],["jānāti","knows"],["kaś","any","kaḥ"],["cid","-ever, some","cit"],["artham","matter, affair"],["imaṃ","this"],["naraḥ","man"],["tāvad","so long, then","tāvat"],["eva","just, this very"],["mayā","by me, with me"],["sādham","together","sārdham"],["ātmasthaṃ","standing in yourself, in your own control","",[["ātman","self"],["stha","standing"]]],["kuru","make"],["śāsanam","rule, sovereignty"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.018.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"mayā pārśve sadhanuṣā tava guptasya rāghava","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kaḥ samartho 'dhikaṃ kartuṃ kṛtāntasyeva tiṣṭhataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"With me armed with my bow guarding you at your side, Rāghava, who is able to do anything against you, who stand as if you were Death himself?","w":[["mayā","by me"],["pārśve","at the side"],["sadhanuṣā","armed with a bow","",[["sa","with"],["dhanus","bow"]]],["tava","your"],["guptasya","of (you) being guarded"],["rāghava","O Rāghava"],["kaḥ","who"],["samartho","able","samarthaḥ"],["'dhikaṃ","anything more, superior","adhikaṃ"],["kartuṃ","to do"],["kṛtāntasyeva","as if of Death, Yama","kṛtāntasya iva",[["kṛtānta","Death, Yama, fate"]]],["tiṣṭhataḥ","standing"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.018.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nirmanuṣyām imāṃ sarvām ayodhyāṃ manujarṣabha","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kariṣyāmi śarais tīkṣṇair yadi sthāsyati vipriye","q":null}],"tr":"This whole city of Ayodhyā, O bull among men, I shall make empty of men with my sharp arrows, if it takes its stand in hostility.","w":[["nirmanuṣyām","empty of men","",[["nir","without"],["manuṣya","man"]]],["imāṃ","this"],["sarvām","whole, entire"],["ayodhyāṃ","Ayodhyā"],["manujarṣabha","O bull among men","",[["manuja","man"],["ṛṣabha","bull, best"]]],["kariṣyāmi","I shall make"],["śarais","with arrows","śaraiḥ"],["tīkṣṇair","sharp","tīkṣṇaiḥ"],["yadi","if"],["sthāsyati","it will stand"],["vipriye","in hostility, opposition"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.018.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bharatasyātha pakṣyo vā yo vāsya hitam icchati","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sarvān etān vadhiṣyāmi mṛdur hi paribhūyate","q":null}],"tr":"Whether a partisan of Bharata, or whoever wishes his welfare—all of these I shall slay; for the gentle man is despised.","w":[["bharatasyātha","and of Bharata","bharatasya atha"],["pakṣyo","a partisan, adherent","pakṣyaḥ"],["vā","or"],["yo","who","yaḥ"],["vāsya","or his","vā asya"],["hitam","welfare, good"],["icchati","wishes"],["sarvān","all"],["etān","these"],["vadhiṣyāmi","I shall slay"],["mṛdur","the gentle one","mṛduḥ"],["hi","for, indeed"],["paribhūyate","is despised, scorned"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.018.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tvayā caiva mayā caiva kṛtvā vairam anuttamam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kasya śaktiḥ śriyaṃ dātuṃ bharatāyāriśāsana","q":null}],"tr":"Once you and I have set up a matchless enmity, who has the power to give the sovereignty to Bharata, O chastiser of foes?","w":[["tvayā","by you"],["caiva","and","ca eva"],["mayā","by me"],["caiva","and","ca eva"],["kṛtvā","having made"],["vairam","enmity"],["anuttamam","unsurpassed, matchless","",[["an","un-"],["uttama","highest, best"]]],["kasya","of whom, whose"],["śaktiḥ","power"],["śriyaṃ","the sovereignty, fortune"],["dātuṃ","to give"],["bharatāyāriśāsana","to Bharata, O chastiser of foes","bharatāya ariśāsana",[["bharata","Bharata"],["ari","foe"],["śāsana","chastiser, ruler"]]]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.018.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"anurakto 'smi bhāvena bhrātaraṃ devi tattvataḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"satyena dhanuṣā caiva datteneṣṭena te śape","q":null}],"tr":"I am devoted to my brother in my very being, in truth, O queen; by my truth, by my bow, by my gifts and sacrifices I swear it to you.","w":[["anurakto","devoted, attached","anuraktaḥ"],["'smi","I am","asmi"],["bhāvena","in feeling, being"],["bhrātaraṃ","to my brother"],["devi","O queen"],["tattvataḥ","truly, in truth"],["satyena","by truth"],["dhanuṣā","by my bow"],["caiva","and","ca eva"],["datteneṣṭena","by gifts given and sacrifices offered","dattena iṣṭena",[["datta","gift given"],["iṣṭa","sacrifice offered"]]],["te","to you"],["śape","I swear"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.018.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dīptam agnim araṇyaṃ vā yadi rāmaḥ pravekṣyate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"praviṣṭaṃ tatra māṃ devi tvaṃ pūrvam avadhāraya","q":null}],"tr":"If Rāma is to enter blazing fire or the wilderness, know for certain, O queen, that I have entered there before him.","w":[["dīptam","blazing"],["agnim","fire"],["araṇyaṃ","the wilderness, forest"],["vā","or"],["yadi","if"],["rāmaḥ","Rāma"],["pravekṣyate","will enter"],["praviṣṭaṃ","entered"],["tatra","there"],["māṃ","me"],["devi","O queen"],["tvaṃ","you"],["pūrvam","before, first"],["avadhāraya","know for certain, be assured"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.018.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"harāmi vīryād duḥkhaṃ te tamaḥ sūrya ivoditaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"devī paśyatu me vīryaṃ rāghavaś caiva paśyatu","q":null}],"tr":"By my valour I shall take away your sorrow, as the risen sun dispels darkness; let the queen behold my prowess, and let Rāghava behold it too.","w":[["harāmi","I take away"],["vīryād","by valour","vīryāt"],["duḥkhaṃ","sorrow"],["te","your"],["tamaḥ","darkness"],["sūrya","the sun"],["ivoditaḥ","as though risen","iva uditaḥ"],["devī","the queen"],["paśyatu","let (her) behold"],["me","my"],["vīryaṃ","prowess, valour"],["rāghavaś","Rāghava","rāghavaḥ"],["caiva","and too","ca eva"],["paśyatu","let (him) behold"]]},{"v":16,"ref":"2.018.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"etat tu vacanaṃ śrutvā lakṣmaṇasya mahātmanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"uvāca rāmaṃ kausalyā rudantī śokalālasā","q":null}],"tr":"But having heard this speech of the great-souled Lakṣmaṇa, Kausalyā, weeping and languishing with grief, said to Rāma:","w":[["etat","this"],["tu","but"],["vacanaṃ","speech"],["śrutvā","having heard"],["lakṣmaṇasya","of Lakṣmaṇa"],["mahātmanaḥ","the great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul, self"]]],["uvāca","said"],["rāmaṃ","to Rāma"],["kausalyā","Kausalyā"],["rudantī","weeping"],["śokalālasā","languishing with grief","",[["śoka","grief"],["lālasā","yearning, languishing"]]]]},{"v":17,"ref":"2.018.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bhrātus te vadataḥ putra lakṣmaṇasya śrutaṃ tvayā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yad atrānantaraṃ tat tvaṃ kuruṣva yadi rocate","q":null}],"tr":"\"You have heard, my son, your brother Lakṣmaṇa speaking; do now what follows from this, if it pleases you.","w":[["bhrātus","of your brother","bhrātuḥ"],["te","your"],["vadataḥ","speaking"],["putra","O son"],["lakṣmaṇasya","of Lakṣmaṇa"],["śrutaṃ","heard"],["tvayā","by you"],["yad","what","yat"],["atrānantaraṃ","hereupon, next after this","atra anantaraṃ"],["tat","that"],["tvaṃ","you"],["kuruṣva","do"],["yadi","if"],["rocate","it pleases"]]},{"v":18,"ref":"2.018.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"na cādharmyaṃ vacaḥ śrutvā sapatnyā mama bhāṣitam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vihāya śokasaṃtaptāṃ gantum arhasi mām itaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"And having heard the unrighteous word spoken by my co-wife, you ought not to leave me here, scorched with grief, and go away.","w":[["na","not"],["cādharmyaṃ","and the unrighteous","ca adharmyaṃ",[["a","un-"],["dharmya","righteous, lawful"]]],["vacaḥ","word"],["śrutvā","having heard"],["sapatnyā","by the co-wife, rival"],["mama","my"],["bhāṣitam","spoken"],["vihāya","abandoning, leaving"],["śokasaṃtaptāṃ","scorched with grief","",[["śoka","grief"],["saṃtapta","scorched, tormented"]]],["gantum","to go"],["arhasi","you ought"],["mām","me"],["itaḥ","from here"]]},{"v":19,"ref":"2.018.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dharmajña yadi dharmiṣṭho dharmaṃ caritum icchasi","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śuśrūṣa mām ihasthas tvaṃ cara dharmam anuttamam","q":null}],"tr":"O knower of dharma, if being most righteous you wish to practise dharma, then stay here and serve me, and so practise the highest dharma.","w":[["dharmajña","O knower of dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["jña","knower"]]],["yadi","if"],["dharmiṣṭho","most righteous","dharmiṣṭhaḥ"],["dharmaṃ","dharma"],["caritum","to practise"],["icchasi","you wish"],["śuśrūṣa","serve, obey"],["mām","me"],["ihasthas","staying here","ihasthaḥ",[["iha","here"],["stha","standing"]]],["tvaṃ","you"],["cara","practise"],["dharmam","dharma"],["anuttamam","the highest","",[["an","un-"],["uttama","surpassable, highest"]]]]},{"v":20,"ref":"2.018.020","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śuśrūṣur jananīṃ putra svagṛhe niyato vasan","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pareṇa tapasā yuktaḥ kāśyapas tridivaṃ gataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Serving his mother, my son, dwelling self-restrained in his own home, endowed with supreme austerity, Kāśyapa went to heaven.","w":[["śuśrūṣur","serving, obedient","śuśrūṣuḥ"],["jananīṃ","his mother"],["putra","O son"],["svagṛhe","in his own home","",[["sva","own"],["gṛha","house, home"]]],["niyato","self-restrained","niyataḥ"],["vasan","dwelling"],["pareṇa","supreme, highest"],["tapasā","with austerity"],["yuktaḥ","endowed, joined"],["kāśyapas","Kāśyapa","kāśyapaḥ"],["tridivaṃ","to heaven","",[["tri","three"],["diva","heaven"]]],["gataḥ","went"]]},{"v":21,"ref":"2.018.021","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yathaiva rājā pūjyas te gauraveṇa tathā hy aham","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tvāṃ nāham anujānāmi na gantavyam ito vanam","q":null}],"tr":"Just as the king is to be honoured by you with reverence, so too am I; I do not give you leave—you must not go from here to the forest.","w":[["yathaiva","just as","yathā eva"],["rājā","the king"],["pūjyas","to be honoured","pūjyaḥ"],["te","by you"],["gauraveṇa","with reverence"],["tathā","so"],["hy","indeed","hi"],["aham","I"],["tvāṃ","you"],["nāham","not I","na aham"],["anujānāmi","give leave, permit"],["na","not"],["gantavyam","to be gone, one must go"],["ito","from here","itaḥ"],["vanam","to the forest"]]},{"v":22,"ref":"2.018.022","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tvadviyogān na me kāryaṃ jīvitena sukhena vā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tvayā saha mama śreyas tṛṇānām api bhakṣaṇam","q":null}],"tr":"Through separation from you I have no use for life or comfort; better for me even to eat grass together with you.","w":[["tvadviyogān","because of separation from you","tvadviyogāt",[["tvat","you"],["viyoga","separation"]]],["na","not"],["me","for me"],["kāryaṃ","need, use, business"],["jīvitena","with life"],["sukhena","with comfort, happiness"],["vā","or"],["tvayā","with you"],["saha","together"],["mama","for me"],["śreyas","better","śreyaḥ"],["tṛṇānām","of grasses"],["api","even"],["bhakṣaṇam","the eating"]]},{"v":23,"ref":"2.018.023","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yadi tvaṃ yāsyasi vanaṃ tyaktvā māṃ śokalālasām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ahaṃ prāyam ihāsiṣye na hi śakṣyāmi jīvitum","q":null}],"tr":"If you shall go to the forest, abandoning me who languish in grief, I shall sit here fasting unto death, for I shall not be able to live.","w":[["yadi","if"],["tvaṃ","you"],["yāsyasi","will go"],["vanaṃ","to the forest"],["tyaktvā","having abandoned"],["māṃ","me"],["śokalālasām","languishing in grief","",[["śoka","grief"],["lālasā","yearning, languishing"]]],["ahaṃ","I"],["prāyam","fasting to death"],["ihāsiṣye","shall sit here","iha āsiṣye"],["na","not"],["hi","for"],["śakṣyāmi","I shall be able"],["jīvitum","to live"]]},{"v":24,"ref":"2.018.024","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tatas tvaṃ prāpsyase putra nirayaṃ lokaviśrutam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"brahmahatyām ivādharmāt samudraḥ saritāṃ patiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Then you, my son, will attain a world-famed hell through that unrighteousness, as the ocean, lord of rivers, incurred the guilt of brahmin-slaying.","w":[["tatas","then","tataḥ"],["tvaṃ","you"],["prāpsyase","will attain"],["putra","O son"],["nirayaṃ","hell"],["lokaviśrutam","world-famed","",[["loka","world"],["viśruta","famed, renowned"]]],["brahmahatyām","the guilt of slaying a brahmin","",[["brahma","brahmin"],["hatyā","slaying"]]],["ivādharmāt","as through unrighteousness","iva adharmāt",[["a","un-"],["dharma","righteousness"]]],["samudraḥ","the ocean"],["saritāṃ","of rivers"],["patiḥ","lord"]]},{"v":25,"ref":"2.018.025","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vilapantīṃ tathā dīnāṃ kausalyāṃ jananīṃ tataḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"uvāca rāmo dharmātmā vacanaṃ dharmasaṃhitam","q":null}],"tr":"Then to his mother Kausalyā, lamenting thus in her misery, righteous Rāma spoke words in keeping with dharma:","w":[["vilapantīṃ","lamenting"],["tathā","thus"],["dīnāṃ","wretched, in misery"],["kausalyāṃ","Kausalyā"],["jananīṃ","his mother"],["tataḥ","then"],["uvāca","spoke"],["rāmo","Rāma","rāmaḥ"],["dharmātmā","the righteous one","",[["dharma","dharma"],["ātman","soul, self"]]],["vacanaṃ","words"],["dharmasaṃhitam","in keeping with dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["saṃhita","joined with, conformable"]]]]},{"v":26,"ref":"2.018.026","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nāsti śaktiḥ pitur vākyaṃ samatikramituṃ mama","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"prasādaye tvāṃ śirasā gantum icchāmy ahaṃ vanam","q":null}],"tr":"\"I have no power to transgress my father's word; bowing my head I entreat you—I wish to go to the forest.","w":[["nāsti","there is not","na asti"],["śaktiḥ","power"],["pitur","of the father","pituḥ"],["vākyaṃ","word"],["samatikramituṃ","to transgress, overstep"],["mama","my"],["prasādaye","I propitiate, entreat"],["tvāṃ","you"],["śirasā","with my head"],["gantum","to go"],["icchāmy","I wish","icchāmi"],["ahaṃ","I"],["vanam","to the forest"]]},{"v":27,"ref":"2.018.027","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ṛṣiṇā ca pitur vākyaṃ kurvatā vratacāriṇā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"gaur hatā jānatā dharmaṃ kaṇḍunāpi vipaścitā","q":null}],"tr":"Even the sage Kaṇḍu, a vow-keeper and learned, who knew dharma, slew a cow in carrying out his father's word.","w":[["ṛṣiṇā","by the sage"],["ca","and"],["pitur","of the father","pituḥ"],["vākyaṃ","word"],["kurvatā","doing, carrying out"],["vratacāriṇā","by the vow-keeper","",[["vrata","vow"],["cārin","practising"]]],["gaur","a cow","gauḥ"],["hatā","was slain"],["jānatā","by (him) knowing"],["dharmaṃ","dharma"],["kaṇḍunāpi","even by Kaṇḍu","kaṇḍunā api"],["vipaścitā","by the learned, wise"]]},{"v":28,"ref":"2.018.028","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"asmākaṃ ca kule pūrvaṃ sagarasyājñayā pituḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"khanadbhiḥ sāgarair bhūtim avāptaḥ sumahān vadhaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"And in our own line long ago, at the command of their father Sagara, the sons of Sagara, digging for treasure, met a very great destruction.","w":[["asmākaṃ","our"],["ca","and"],["kule","in the line, family"],["pūrvaṃ","formerly, long ago"],["sagarasyājñayā","by the command of Sagara","sagarasya ājñayā"],["pituḥ","of the father"],["khanadbhiḥ","by (those) digging"],["sāgarair","by the sons of Sagara","sāgaraiḥ"],["bhūtim","treasure, wealth"],["avāptaḥ","was obtained, incurred"],["sumahān","very great","",[["su","very"],["mahat","great"]]],["vadhaḥ","destruction, slaughter"]]},{"v":29,"ref":"2.018.029","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"jāmadagnyena rāmeṇa reṇukā jananī svayam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kṛttā paraśunāraṇye pitur vacanakāriṇā","q":null}],"tr":"Rāma the son of Jamadagni, doing his father's word, himself cut down his mother Reṇukā with an axe in the forest.","w":[["jāmadagnyena","by the son of Jamadagni"],["rāmeṇa","by Rāma"],["reṇukā","Reṇukā"],["jananī","the mother"],["svayam","himself, in person"],["kṛttā","was cut down, severed"],["paraśunāraṇye","with an axe in the forest","paraśunā araṇye"],["pitur","of the father","pituḥ"],["vacanakāriṇā","by (him) doing the word","",[["vacana","word"],["kārin","doing"]]]]},{"v":30,"ref":"2.018.030","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"na khalv etan mayaikena kriyate pitṛśāsanam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pūrvair ayam abhipreto gato mārgo 'nugamyate","q":null}],"tr":"Truly this carrying out of a father's command is not done by me alone; this is the path desired and trodden by my forebears, and I follow it.","w":[["na","not"],["khalv","truly, indeed","khalu"],["etan","this","etat"],["mayaikena","by me alone","mayā ekena"],["kriyate","is done"],["pitṛśāsanam","a father's command","",[["pitṛ","father"],["śāsana","command, order"]]],["pūrvair","by the forebears, ancestors","pūrvaiḥ"],["ayam","this"],["abhipreto","desired, intended","abhipretaḥ"],["gato","gone, trodden","gataḥ"],["mārgo","the path","mārgaḥ"],["'nugamyate","is followed","anugamyate"]]},{"v":31,"ref":"2.018.031","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tad etat tu mayā kāryaṃ kriyate bhuvi nānyathā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pitur hi vacanaṃ kurvan na kaś cin nāma hīyate","q":null}],"tr":"So this duty is done by me, and not otherwise, upon the earth; for by doing his father's word no one, indeed, is ever ruined.","w":[["tad","therefore","tat"],["etat","this"],["tu","but, indeed"],["mayā","by me"],["kāryaṃ","duty, to be done"],["kriyate","is done"],["bhuvi","on earth"],["nānyathā","not otherwise","na anyathā"],["pitur","of the father","pituḥ"],["hi","for"],["vacanaṃ","word"],["kurvan","doing"],["na","not"],["kaś","any","kaḥ"],["cin","-ever","cit"],["nāma","indeed, at all"],["hīyate","is ruined, comes to harm"]]},{"v":32,"ref":"2.018.032","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tām evam uktvā jananīṃ lakṣmaṇaṃ punar abravīt","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tava lakṣmaṇa jānāmi mayi sneham anuttamam","q":null},{"p":"e","t":"abhiprāyam avijñāya satyasya ca śamasya ca","q":null}],"tr":"Having spoken thus to his mother, he said again to Lakṣmaṇa: \"I know, Lakṣmaṇa, your matchless love for me—but without understanding the true intent of truth and of self-restraint.","w":[["tām","her"],["evam","thus"],["uktvā","having spoken"],["jananīṃ","to his mother"],["lakṣmaṇaṃ","to Lakṣmaṇa"],["punar","again","punaḥ"],["abravīt","said"],["tava","your"],["lakṣmaṇa","O Lakṣmaṇa"],["jānāmi","I know"],["mayi","for me, in me"],["sneham","love, affection"],["anuttamam","matchless","",[["an","un-"],["uttama","highest"]]],["abhiprāyam","the intent, purport"],["avijñāya","not having understood","",[["a","not"],["vijñāya","having understood"]]],["satyasya","of truth"],["ca","and"],["śamasya","of self-restraint, tranquillity"],["ca","and"]]},{"v":33,"ref":"2.018.033","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dharmo hi paramo loke dharme satyaṃ pratiṣṭhitam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dharmasaṃśritam etac ca pitur vacanam uttamam","q":null}],"tr":"For dharma is supreme in the world, and in dharma is truth established; and this excellent word of my father rests upon dharma.","w":[["dharmo","dharma","dharmaḥ"],["hi","for"],["paramo","supreme","paramaḥ"],["loke","in the world"],["dharme","in dharma"],["satyaṃ","truth"],["pratiṣṭhitam","established"],["dharmasaṃśritam","resting upon dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["saṃśrita","resorting to, based on"]]],["etac","this","etat"],["ca","and"],["pitur","of the father","pituḥ"],["vacanam","word"],["uttamam","excellent, highest"]]},{"v":34,"ref":"2.018.034","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"saṃśrutya ca pitur vākyaṃ mātur vā brāhmaṇasya vā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"na kartavyaṃ vṛthā vīra dharmam āśritya tiṣṭhatā","q":null}],"tr":"And having promised to obey the word of a father, or a mother, or a brahmin, it must not be made void, O hero, by one who stands firm in dharma.","w":[["saṃśrutya","having promised, heard"],["ca","and"],["pitur","of the father","pituḥ"],["vākyaṃ","word"],["mātur","of the mother","mātuḥ"],["vā","or"],["brāhmaṇasya","of a brahmin"],["vā","or"],["na","not"],["kartavyaṃ","to be made"],["vṛthā","in vain, void"],["vīra","O hero"],["dharmam","dharma"],["āśritya","resorting to, relying on"],["tiṣṭhatā","by (one) standing firm"]]},{"v":35,"ref":"2.018.035","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"so 'haṃ na śakṣyāmi pitur niyogam ativartitum","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pitur hi vacanād vīra kaikeyyāhaṃ pracoditaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"So I shall not be able to overstep my father's injunction; for by my father's word, O hero, I have been urged on by Kaikeyī.","w":[["so","he, that one","saḥ"],["'haṃ","I","aham"],["na","not"],["śakṣyāmi","I shall be able"],["pitur","of the father","pituḥ"],["niyogam","injunction, command"],["ativartitum","to overstep, transgress"],["pitur","of the father","pituḥ"],["hi","for"],["vacanād","by the word","vacanāt"],["vīra","O hero"],["kaikeyyāhaṃ","by Kaikeyī, I","kaikeyyā ahaṃ"],["pracoditaḥ","urged on, impelled"]]},{"v":36,"ref":"2.018.036","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tad enāṃ visṛjānāryāṃ kṣatradharmāśritāṃ matim","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dharmam āśraya mā taikṣṇyaṃ madbuddhir anugamyatām","q":null}],"tr":"So give up this ignoble intent that rests on the warrior's code; take to dharma, not to harshness—let my resolve be the one you follow.","w":[["tad","therefore","tat"],["enāṃ","this"],["visṛjānāryāṃ","give up the ignoble","visṛja anāryāṃ",[["an","un-"],["ārya","noble"]]],["kṣatradharmāśritāṃ","resting on the warrior's code","kṣatradharma-āśritāṃ",[["kṣatra","warrior, kṣatriya"],["dharma","code, duty"],["āśrita","resting on"]]],["matim","intent, notion"],["dharmam","dharma"],["āśraya","take to, rely on"],["mā","do not"],["taikṣṇyaṃ","harshness, fierceness"],["madbuddhir","my resolve, mind","madbuddhiḥ",[["mad","my"],["buddhi","mind, resolve"]]],["anugamyatām","let it be followed"]]},{"v":37,"ref":"2.018.037","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tam evam uktvā sauhārdād bhrātaraṃ lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"uvāca bhūyaḥ kausalyāṃ prāñjaliḥ śirasānataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Having thus spoken to his brother out of affection, Rāma, the elder of Lakṣmaṇa, spoke again to Kausalyā with joined palms and bowed head:","w":[["tam","him"],["evam","thus"],["uktvā","having spoken"],["sauhārdād","out of affection","sauhārdāt"],["bhrātaraṃ","to his brother"],["lakṣmaṇāgrajaḥ","the elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa","",[["lakṣmaṇa","Lakṣmaṇa"],["agraja","elder-born"]]],["uvāca","spoke"],["bhūyaḥ","again"],["kausalyāṃ","to Kausalyā"],["prāñjaliḥ","with joined palms","",[["pra","forth"],["añjali","joined palms"]]],["śirasānataḥ","with bowed head","śirasā ānataḥ"]]},{"v":38,"ref":"2.018.038","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"anumanyasva māṃ devi gamiṣyantam ito vanam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śāpitāsi mama prāṇaiḥ kuru svastyayanāni me","q":null},{"p":"e","t":"tīrṇapratijñaś ca vanāt punar eṣyāmy ahaṃ purīm","q":null}],"tr":"\"Give me your leave, O queen, as I set out from here to the forest; I adjure you by my life—perform rites of blessing for me; and, my vow fulfilled, I shall return again from the forest to the city.","w":[["anumanyasva","give leave, consent"],["māṃ","me"],["devi","O queen"],["gamiṣyantam","about to go"],["ito","from here","itaḥ"],["vanam","to the forest"],["śāpitāsi","you are adjured","śāpitā asi"],["mama","my"],["prāṇaiḥ","by my life-breaths"],["kuru","make, perform"],["svastyayanāni","rites of blessing, well-wishing","",[["svasti","well-being"],["ayana","rite, means"]]],["me","for me"],["tīrṇapratijñaś","having fulfilled the vow","tīrṇapratijñaḥ",[["tīrṇa","crossed, fulfilled"],["pratijñā","vow, promise"]]],["ca","and"],["vanāt","from the forest"],["punar","again","punaḥ"],["eṣyāmy","I shall come","eṣyāmi"],["ahaṃ","I"],["purīm","to the city"]]},{"v":39,"ref":"2.018.039","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yaśo hy ahaṃ kevalarājyakāraṇān na pṛṣṭhataḥ kartum alaṃ mahodayam","q":["yaśo hy ahaṃ kevalarājyakāraṇān","na pṛṣṭhataḥ kartum alaṃ mahodayam"]},{"p":"c","t":"adīrghakāle na tu devi jīvite vṛṇe 'varām adya mahīm adharmataḥ","q":["adīrghakāle na tu devi jīvite","vṛṇe 'varām adya mahīm adharmataḥ"]}],"tr":"For I am not able, merely for the sake of a kingdom, to cast behind me a glory of great fruit; and since life, O queen, is short, I would not choose today a lowly earth won by unrighteousness.","w":[["yaśo","glory, fame","yaśaḥ"],["hy","for","hi"],["ahaṃ","I"],["kevalarājyakāraṇān","merely for the sake of a kingdom","kevalarājyakāraṇāt",[["kevala","mere, only"],["rājya","kingdom"],["kāraṇa","cause, sake"]]],["na","not"],["pṛṣṭhataḥ","behind, at the back"],["kartum","to place, make"],["alaṃ","able, capable"],["mahodayam","of great fruit, prosperity","mahā-udayam",[["mahā","great"],["udaya","rise, fruit, prosperity"]]],["adīrghakāle","short in duration","a-dīrgha-kāle",[["a","not"],["dīrgha","long"],["kāla","time"]]],["na","not"],["tu","but"],["devi","O queen"],["jīvite","life being"],["vṛṇe","I choose"],["'varām","a lowly, inferior","avarām"],["adya","today"],["mahīm","the earth"],["adharmataḥ","through unrighteousness","",[["a","un-"],["dharma","righteousness"]]]]},{"v":40,"ref":"2.018.040","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prasādayan naravṛṣabhaḥ sa mātaraṃ parākramāj jigamiṣur eva daṇḍakān","q":["prasādayan naravṛṣabhaḥ sa mātaraṃ","parākramāj jigamiṣur eva daṇḍakān"]},{"p":"c","t":"athānujaṃ bhṛśam anuśāsya darśanaṃ cakāra tāṃ hṛdi jananīṃ pradakṣiṇam","q":["athānujaṃ bhṛśam anuśāsya darśanaṃ","cakāra tāṃ hṛdi jananīṃ pradakṣiṇam"]}],"tr":"That bull among men, propitiating his mother while resolved by his own resolve to set out for the Daṇḍaka forest, then, having earnestly instructed his younger brother, fixed the sight of his mother in his heart and reverently circled her.","w":[["prasādayan","propitiating, conciliating"],["naravṛṣabhaḥ","the bull among men","",[["nara","man"],["vṛṣabha","bull, best"]]],["sa","he","saḥ"],["mātaraṃ","his mother"],["parākramāj","through his resolve, valour","parākramāt"],["jigamiṣur","desiring to go","jigamiṣuḥ"],["eva","indeed"],["daṇḍakān","to the Daṇḍaka forests"],["athānujaṃ","then his younger brother","atha anujaṃ"],["bhṛśam","earnestly, greatly"],["anuśāsya","having instructed, admonished"],["darśanaṃ","the sight, seeing"],["cakāra","made, fixed"],["tāṃ","her"],["hṛdi","in the heart"],["jananīṃ","his mother"],["pradakṣiṇam","circumambulation to the right","",[["pra","forth"],["dakṣiṇa","right, southward"]]]]}]}