{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":100,"title":"Jābāli challenges the exile","sentence":"He questions permanent family ties, offerings to the dead and belief in the unseen, urging Rāma to accept the available Kingdom","portion":"The dispute over Kingship and duty","sequence":[[{"steps":["Jābāli intervenes, urging Rāma to reconsider the beliefs keeping him in exile (100.1–2)"],"from":1,"to":2,"sarga":100},{"steps":["he argues that each person is born and dies alone, and that family, property, and homes are temporary associations, like lodgings on a journey (100.3–6)"],"from":3,"to":6,"sarga":100},{"steps":["he urges Rāma to return to the prosperous city waiting for him (100.7–9)"],"from":7,"to":9,"sarga":100},{"steps":["Daśaratha has followed the fate of all mortals, he says, and Rāma's suffering cannot benefit him (100.10–11)"],"from":10,"to":11,"sarga":100},{"steps":["he questions whether offerings can feed the dead and mocks the idea by comparing it to feeding a traveler through someone else's meal (100.12–14)"],"from":12,"to":14,"sarga":100},{"steps":["he claims that religious prescriptions encourage gifts to those who teach them","he asks Rāma to trust what can be observed, set aside claims about the unseen, and accept Bharata's offer (100.15–17)."],"from":15,"to":17,"sarga":100}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.100.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"āśvāsayantaṃ bharataṃ jābālir brāhmaṇottamaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"uvāca rāmaṃ dharmajñaṃ dharmāpetam idaṃ vacaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"As Rāma was consoling Bharata, Jābāli, the foremost of brahmins, spoke to that knower of dharma these words devoid of dharma:","w":[["āśvāsayantaṃ","consoling, reassuring"],["bharataṃ","Bharata"],["jābālir","Jābāli","jābāliḥ"],["brāhmaṇottamaḥ","the foremost of brahmins","",[["brāhmaṇa","brahmin"],["uttama","best, foremost"]]],["uvāca","said, spoke"],["rāmaṃ","to Rāma"],["dharmajñaṃ","the knower of dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["jña","knower"]]],["dharmāpetam","devoid of dharma","dharma-apetam",[["dharma","dharma"],["apeta","gone from, devoid of"]]],["idaṃ vacaḥ","these words"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.100.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sādhu rāghava mā bhūt te buddhir evaṃ nirarthakā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"prākṛtasya narasyeva ārya buddhes tapasvinaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Come now, Rāghava — let not such a futile notion possess you, a noble-minded ascetic, O noble one, as it would some common man.","w":[["sādhu","come now, well"],["rāghava","O Rāghava"],["mā bhūt","let it not be"],["te buddhir","your notion, thought","te buddhiḥ"],["evaṃ","thus, such"],["nirarthakā","futile, purposeless","",[["nis","without"],["arthaka","purpose, meaning"]]],["prākṛtasya","of a common (man)"],["narasyeva","like of a man","narasya iva"],["ārya","O noble one"],["buddhes","of one's intellect","buddheḥ"],["tapasvinaḥ","of an ascetic"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.100.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kaḥ kasya puruṣo bandhuḥ kim āpyaṃ kasya kena cit","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yad eko jāyate jantur eka eva vinaśyati","q":null}],"tr":"What man is kinsman to whom? What is there to be gained by anyone from anyone? For each creature is born alone, and alone it perishes.","w":[["kaḥ","what, who"],["kasya","of whom, to whom"],["puruṣo","man","puruṣaḥ"],["bandhuḥ","kinsman, relative"],["kim āpyaṃ","what is to be gained"],["kasya","by whom"],["kena cit","from anyone"],["yad","since"],["eko","alone","ekaḥ"],["jāyate","is born"],["jantur","a creature","jantuḥ"],["eka eva","alone indeed"],["vinaśyati","perishes"]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.100.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tasmān mātā pitā ceti rāma sajjeta yo naraḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"unmatta iva sa jñeyo nāsti kācid dhi kasya cit","q":null}],"tr":"Therefore, Rāma, the man who clings, saying 'this is my mother, this my father,' should be regarded as a madman; for no tie exists for anyone.","w":[["tasmān","therefore","tasmāt"],["mātā","mother"],["pitā ceti","and father, thus","pitā ca iti"],["rāma","O Rāma"],["sajjeta","would be attached, cling"],["yo naraḥ","the man who","yaḥ naraḥ"],["unmatta iva","like a madman"],["sa jñeyo","he is to be known","saḥ jñeyaḥ"],["nāsti","there is not","na asti"],["kācid","any (tie)","kācit"],["dhi","for, indeed","hi"],["kasya cit","for anyone"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.100.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yathā grāmāntaraṃ gacchan naraḥ kaś cit kva cid vaset","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"utsṛjya ca tam āvāsaṃ pratiṣṭhetāpare 'hani","q":null}],"tr":"Just as a man travelling to another village might lodge somewhere, and then, quitting that lodging, set out again the next day —","w":[["yathā","just as"],["grāmāntaraṃ","to another village","",[["grāma","village"],["antara","other, different"]]],["gacchan","going, travelling"],["naraḥ kaś cit","some man"],["kva cid","somewhere"],["vaset","might lodge, dwell"],["utsṛjya ca","and leaving behind"],["tam āvāsaṃ","that lodging"],["pratiṣṭhetāpare","would set out on the next","pratiṣṭheta apare"],["'hani","day","ahani"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.100.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"evam eva manuṣyāṇāṃ pitā mātā gṛhaṃ vasu","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"āvāsamātraṃ kākutstha sajjante nātra sajjanāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"just so, O Kākutstha, for men their father, mother, home and wealth are but a lodging-place; the wise do not become attached to these.","w":[["evam eva","just so"],["manuṣyāṇāṃ","of men"],["pitā","father"],["mātā","mother"],["gṛhaṃ","home"],["vasu","wealth"],["āvāsamātraṃ","a mere lodging","",[["āvāsa","dwelling, lodging"],["mātra","mere, only"]]],["kākutstha","O Kākutstha"],["sajjante","become attached"],["nātra","not to these","na atra"],["sajjanāḥ","the wise, the good"]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.100.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"pitryaṃ rājyaṃ samutsṛjya sa nārhati narottama","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"āsthātuṃ kāpathaṃ duḥkhaṃ viṣamaṃ bahukaṇṭakam","q":null}],"tr":"You ought not, O best of men, to give up the ancestral kingdom and set foot on an evil road, painful, rough, and beset with thorns.","w":[["pitryaṃ rājyaṃ","the paternal kingdom"],["samutsṛjya","abandoning, giving up"],["sa","he, that one (you)","saḥ"],["nārhati","ought not","na arhati"],["narottama","O best of men","",[["nara","man"],["uttama","best"]]],["āsthātuṃ","to tread, take up"],["kāpathaṃ","an evil road","",[["ku","bad, evil"],["patha","road, path"]]],["duḥkhaṃ","painful"],["viṣamaṃ","rough, difficult"],["bahukaṇṭakam","full of thorns","",[["bahu","many"],["kaṇṭaka","thorn"]]]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.100.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"samṛddhāyām ayodhyāyām ātmānam abhiṣecaya","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ekaveṇīdharā hi tvāṃ nagarī saṃpratīkṣate","q":null}],"tr":"Consecrate yourself in prosperous Ayodhyā; for the city, wearing her single braid like a grieving wife, awaits you.","w":[["samṛddhāyām","in prosperous"],["ayodhyāyām","Ayodhyā"],["ātmānam","yourself"],["abhiṣecaya","consecrate, anoint"],["ekaveṇīdharā","wearing a single braid (as a wife parted from her lord)","",[["eka","one, single"],["veṇī","braid of hair"],["dhara","wearing, bearing"]]],["hi","indeed"],["tvāṃ","for you"],["nagarī","the city"],["saṃpratīkṣate","awaits, looks for"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.100.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"rājabhogān anubhavan mahārhān pārthivātmaja","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vihara tvam ayodhyāyāṃ yathā śakras triviṣṭape","q":null}],"tr":"Enjoying the precious pleasures of a king, O son of a king, disport yourself in Ayodhyā as Śakra (Indra) does in heaven.","w":[["rājabhogān","royal enjoyments","",[["rāja","king"],["bhoga","enjoyment, pleasure"]]],["anubhavan","enjoying, experiencing"],["mahārhān","most precious","",[["mahā","great"],["arha","worthy, costly"]]],["pārthivātmaja","O son of a king","pārthiva-ātmaja",[["pārthiva","king"],["ātmaja","son"]]],["vihara tvam","disport yourself"],["ayodhyāyāṃ","in Ayodhyā"],["yathā","as"],["śakras","Śakra (Indra)","śakraḥ"],["triviṣṭape","in heaven","",[["tri","three"],["viṣṭapa","world, heaven"]]]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.100.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"na te kaś cid daśarataḥs tvaṃ ca tasya na kaś cana","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"anyo rājā tvam anyaś ca tasmāt kuru yad ucyate","q":null}],"tr":"Daśaratha was nothing to you, and you were nothing to him; the king was one person and you are another — therefore do as you are told.","w":[["na te kaś cid","nothing to you"],["daśarataḥs","Daśaratha","daśarathaḥ"],["tvaṃ ca","and you"],["tasya","to him"],["na kaś cana","nothing at all"],["anyo rājā","the king was another","anyaḥ rājā"],["tvam anyaś ca","and you are another","tvam anyaḥ ca"],["tasmāt","therefore"],["kuru","do"],["yad ucyate","what is said","yat ucyate"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.100.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"gataḥ sa nṛpatis tatra gantavyaṃ yatra tena vai","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pravṛttir eṣā martyānāṃ tvaṃ tu mithyā vihanyase","q":null}],"tr":"That king has gone there, whither he was bound to go; this is the natural course of mortals — but you afflict yourself in vain.","w":[["gataḥ","has gone"],["sa nṛpatis","that king","saḥ nṛpatiḥ"],["tatra","there"],["gantavyaṃ","to be gone (whither one must go)"],["yatra","where"],["tena vai","by him indeed"],["pravṛttir eṣā","this is the course","pravṛttiḥ eṣā"],["martyānāṃ","of mortals"],["tvaṃ tu","but you"],["mithyā","in vain, uselessly"],["vihanyase","are being tormented"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.100.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"arthadharmaparā ye ye tāṃs tāñ śocāmi netarān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"te hi duḥkham iha prāpya vināśaṃ pretya bhejire","q":null}],"tr":"Those men, whoever they are, who set dharma above worldly gain — them alone I grieve for, not the others; for having reaped only sorrow here, they meet with annihilation after death.","w":[["arthadharmaparā","bent on dharma above gain","arthadharmaparāḥ",[["artha","wealth, gain"],["dharma","dharma"],["para","intent on, devoted to"]]],["ye ye","whoever"],["tāṃs tāñ","those very ones","tān tān"],["śocāmi","I grieve for"],["netarān","not the others","na itarān"],["te hi","for they"],["duḥkham","sorrow"],["iha","here (in this world)"],["prāpya","having obtained"],["vināśaṃ","destruction, annihilation"],["pretya","after death, having departed"],["bhejire","have met with, attained"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.100.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"aṣṭakā pitṛdaivatyam ity ayaṃ prasṛto janaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"annasyopadravaṃ paśya mṛto hi kim aśiṣyati","q":null}],"tr":"'The Aṣṭakā rite is dedicated to the ancestors' — so these folk busy themselves. Behold the waste of food! For what will a dead man eat?","w":[["aṣṭakā","the Aṣṭakā (ancestral rite)"],["pitṛdaivatyam","having the ancestors as its deities","",[["pitṛ","ancestor, father"],["daivatya","having as deity"]]],["ity","thus","iti"],["ayaṃ prasṛto janaḥ","these people are engaged","ayaṃ prasṛtaḥ janaḥ"],["annasyopadravaṃ","the waste of food","annasya upadravaṃ"],["paśya","behold, see"],["mṛto hi","for the dead one","mṛtaḥ hi"],["kim aśiṣyati","what will he eat"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.100.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yadi bhuktam ihānyena deham anyasya gacchati","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dadyāt pravasataḥ śrāddhaṃ na tat pathy aśanaṃ bhavet","q":null}],"tr":"If food eaten here by one could pass into the body of another, then one might offer a śrāddha for someone gone abroad, and it would serve him as food for the road (so he need carry none).","w":[["yadi","if"],["bhuktam","(food) eaten"],["ihānyena","here by one","iha anyena"],["deham","the body"],["anyasya","of another"],["gacchati","goes into"],["dadyāt","one should give"],["pravasataḥ","for one gone abroad"],["śrāddhaṃ","the funeral offering (śrāddha)"],["na tat","that would not (need to be)","na tat"],["pathy aśanaṃ","food for the road","pathi aśanaṃ",[["pathin","road"],["aśana","food"]]],["bhavet","would be"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.100.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dānasaṃvananā hy ete granthā medhāvibhiḥ kṛtāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yajasva dehi dīkṣasva tapas tapyasva saṃtyaja","q":null}],"tr":"These scriptures — 'sacrifice, give, be consecrated, practise austerity, renounce' — were composed by clever men merely to coax gifts out of people.","w":[["dānasaṃvananā","meant to charm out gifts","dānasaṃvananāḥ",[["dāna","gift, giving"],["saṃvanana","alluring, winning over"]]],["hy","indeed","hi"],["ete granthā","these texts","ete granthāḥ"],["medhāvibhiḥ","by clever men"],["kṛtāḥ","made, composed"],["yajasva","sacrifice!"],["dehi","give!"],["dīkṣasva","be consecrated!"],["tapas tapyasva","practise austerity!","tapaḥ tapyasva"],["saṃtyaja","renounce!"]]},{"v":16,"ref":"2.100.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa nāsti param ity eva kuru buddhiṃ mahāmate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pratyakṣaṃ yat tad ātiṣṭha parokṣaṃ pṛṣṭhataḥ kuru","q":null}],"tr":"Make up your mind, O wise one, to the very conviction that 'there is nothing beyond'; hold to what is evident, and put the unseen behind you.","w":[["sa","and so, then","saḥ"],["nāsti param","there is nothing beyond","na asti param"],["ity eva","just thus","iti eva"],["kuru buddhiṃ","make up your mind"],["mahāmate","O wise one","",[["mahā","great"],["mati","mind, intellect"]]],["pratyakṣaṃ","what is perceptible"],["yat tad","that which","yat tat"],["ātiṣṭha","hold to, rely on"],["parokṣaṃ","the unseen, imperceptible"],["pṛṣṭhataḥ kuru","put behind you"]]},{"v":17,"ref":"2.100.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"satāṃ buddhiṃ puraskṛtya sarvalokanidarśinīm","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rājyaṃ tvaṃ pratigṛhṇīṣva bharatena prasāditaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Deferring to the counsel of the wise, which shows the way to all the world, accept the kingdom, entreated as you are by Bharata.","w":[["satāṃ buddhiṃ","the counsel of the wise"],["puraskṛtya","putting foremost, deferring to"],["sarvalokanidarśinīm","which shows the way to all the world","",[["sarva","all"],["loka","world"],["nidarśin","showing, exemplifying"]]],["rājyaṃ","the kingdom"],["tvaṃ","you"],["pratigṛhṇīṣva","accept, receive"],["bharatena","by Bharata"],["prasāditaḥ","entreated, conciliated"]]}]}