{"kanda":2,"kandaName":"Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa","sarga":1,"title":"Daśaratha proposes Rāma as heir","sentence":"With Bharata & Śatrughna in Kekaya, Daśaratha weighs Rāma’s fitness to rule and summons an assembly","portion":"Preparations for Rāma’s abhiṣeka","sequence":[[{"steps":["Daśaratha tells Bharata that his maternal uncle Yudhājit has come to take him to the Kekaya Kingdom","Bharata and Śatrughna take leave of their father, Rāma, and their mothers and leave with him (1.1–4)"],"from":1,"to":4,"sarga":1},{"steps":["the brothers are warmly received there, but continue to think of their father; Daśaratha also misses them (1.5–9)"],"from":5,"to":9,"sarga":1},{"steps":["back in Ayodhyā, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa attend to their father, while Rāma looks after public affairs and his obligations to his mothers and elders (1.10–14)"],"from":10,"to":14,"sarga":1},{"steps":["the narrator describes the qualities that make Rāma fit to rule: he speaks kindly, remembers kindness rather than injuries, learns from elders, understands duty and government, manages revenue and expenditure, and is accomplished in warfare (1.15–28)"],"from":15,"to":28,"sarga":1},{"steps":["Daśaratha privately considers Rāma's qualifications and the people's affection for him, judging him even better fitted to rule than himself (1.29–33)"],"from":29,"to":33,"sarga":1},{"steps":["he discusses making Rāma heir with his ministers (1.34)"],"from":34,"to":34,"sarga":1},{"steps":["he summons rulers and leading people from the towns and countryside (1.35–37)."],"from":35,"to":37,"sarga":1}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"2.001.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kasya cit tv atha kālasya rājā daśarathaḥ sutam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bharataṃ kekayīputram abravīd raghunandanaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Then, after some time had passed, King Daśaratha, the delight of the Raghus, spoke to his son Bharata, the son of Kaikeyī:","w":[["kasya cit","a certain, some"],["tv","and, now","tu"],["atha","then"],["kālasya","of time"],["rājā","the king"],["daśarathaḥ","Daśaratha"],["sutam","the son"],["bharataṃ","Bharata"],["kekayīputram","the son of Kaikeyī","",[["kekayī","Kaikeyī"],["putra","son"]]],["abravīd","said, spoke","abravīt"],["raghunandanaḥ","the delight of the Raghus","",[["raghu","Raghu (the line)"],["nandana","delight, gladdener"]]]]},{"v":2,"ref":"2.001.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ayaṃ kekayarājasya putro vasati putraka","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tvāṃ netum āgato vīra yudhājin mātulas tava","q":null}],"tr":"“Here, my dear boy, dwells the son of the Kekaya king; O hero, your maternal uncle Yudhājit has come to take you (with him).”","w":[["ayaṃ","this, here"],["kekayarājasya","of the Kekaya king","",[["kekaya","the Kekayas"],["rāja","king"]]],["putro","the son","putraḥ"],["vasati","dwells, stays"],["putraka","my dear boy, little son"],["tvāṃ","you"],["netum","to lead, to take away"],["āgato","has come","āgataḥ"],["vīra","O hero"],["yudhājin","Yudhājit"],["mātulas","the maternal uncle","mātulaḥ"],["tava","your"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"2.001.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śrutvā daśarathasyaitad bharataḥ kekayīsutaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"gamanāyābhicakrāma śatrughnasahitas tadā","q":null}],"tr":"Hearing this from Daśaratha, Bharata, the son of Kaikeyī, then made ready to go, together with Śatrughna.","w":[["śrutvā","having heard"],["daśarathasyaitad","this of Daśaratha","daśarathasya etat"],["bharataḥ","Bharata"],["kekayīsutaḥ","the son of Kaikeyī","",[["kekayī","Kaikeyī"],["suta","son"]]],["gamanāyābhicakrāma","set out for the journey","gamanāya abhicakrāma"],["śatrughnasahitas","together with Śatrughna","śatrughnasahitaḥ",[["śatrughna","Śatrughna"],["sahita","accompanied by"]]],["tadā","then"]]},{"v":4,"ref":"2.001.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"āpṛcchya pitaraṃ śūro rāmaṃ cākliṣṭakāriṇam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mātṝṃś cāpi naraśreṣṭhaḥ śatrughnasahito yayau","q":null}],"tr":"Having taken leave of his father, and of Rāma the tireless doer of deeds, and of his mothers as well, that best of men, the hero, set off together with Śatrughna.","w":[["āpṛcchya","having taken leave of"],["pitaraṃ","the father"],["śūro","the hero","śūraḥ"],["rāmaṃ","Rāma"],["cākliṣṭakāriṇam","and the tireless doer","ca akliṣṭakāriṇam",[["a-","not"],["kliṣṭa","wearied, troubled"],["kārin","doer, acting"]]],["mātṝṃś","the mothers","mātṝn"],["cāpi","and also","ca api"],["naraśreṣṭhaḥ","the best of men","",[["nara","man"],["śreṣṭha","best"]]],["śatrughnasahito","together with Śatrughna","śatrughnasahitaḥ",[["śatrughna","Śatrughna"],["sahita","accompanied by"]]],["yayau","went, set off"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"2.001.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yudhājit prāpya bharataṃ saśatrughnaṃ praharṣitaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"svapuraṃ prāviśad vīraḥ pitā tasya tutoṣa ha","q":null}],"tr":"Yudhājit, having gained Bharata along with Śatrughna, greatly delighted, entered his own city, the hero; and his (Bharata's) father was pleased.","w":[["yudhājit","Yudhājit"],["prāpya","having obtained, gained"],["bharataṃ","Bharata"],["saśatrughnaṃ","together with Śatrughna","",[["sa","with"],["śatrughna","Śatrughna"]]],["praharṣitaḥ","greatly delighted"],["svapuraṃ","his own city","",[["sva","own"],["pura","city"]]],["prāviśad","entered","prāviśat"],["vīraḥ","the hero"],["pitā","the father"],["tasya","his"],["tutoṣa","was pleased"],["ha","indeed"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"2.001.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa tatra nyavasad bhrātrā saha satkārasatkṛtaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mātulenāśvapatinā putrasnehena lālitaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"There he dwelt with his brother, honoured with hospitality, cherished by his uncle Aśvapati with fatherly affection.","w":[["sa","he"],["tatra","there"],["nyavasad","dwelt, stayed","nyavasat"],["bhrātrā saha","with his brother"],["satkārasatkṛtaḥ","honoured with hospitality","",[["satkāra","hospitality, honour"],["satkṛta","honoured, treated well"]]],["mātulenāśvapatinā","by his uncle Aśvapati","mātulena aśvapatinā",[["mātula","maternal uncle"],["aśvapati","Aśvapati"]]],["putrasnehena","with the affection due a son","",[["putra","son"],["sneha","affection, love"]]],["lālitaḥ","cherished, fondled"]]},{"v":7,"ref":"2.001.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tatrāpi nivasantau tau tarpyamāṇau ca kāmataḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bhrātarau smaratāṃ vīrau vṛddhaṃ daśarathaṃ nṛpam","q":null}],"tr":"Even while dwelling there, gratified to their heart's content, the two heroic brothers kept remembering their aged father, King Daśaratha.","w":[["tatrāpi","even there","tatra api"],["nivasantau","the two dwelling"],["tau","those two"],["tarpyamāṇau","being gratified, satisfied"],["ca","and"],["kāmataḥ","to their heart's desire, at will"],["bhrātarau","the two brothers"],["smaratāṃ","the two remembered"],["vīrau","the two heroes"],["vṛddhaṃ","the aged"],["daśarathaṃ","Daśaratha"],["nṛpam","the king"]]},{"v":8,"ref":"2.001.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"rājāpi tau mahātejāḥ sasmāra proṣitau sutau","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ubhau bharataśatrughnau mahendravaruṇopamau","q":null}],"tr":"The king too, of great splendour, remembered his two absent sons, both Bharata and Śatrughna, who were like great Indra and Varuṇa.","w":[["rājāpi","the king too","rājā api"],["tau","those two"],["mahātejāḥ","of great splendour","",[["mahā","great"],["tejas","splendour, energy"]]],["sasmāra","remembered"],["proṣitau","the two who were away, absent"],["sutau","the two sons"],["ubhau","both"],["bharataśatrughnau","Bharata and Śatrughna","",[["bharata","Bharata"],["śatrughna","Śatrughna"]]],["mahendravaruṇopamau","like great Indra and Varuṇa","",[["mahā","great"],["indra","Indra"],["varuṇa","Varuṇa"],["upama","like, resembling"]]]]},{"v":9,"ref":"2.001.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sarva eva tu tasyeṣṭāś catvāraḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"svaśarīrād vinirvṛttāś catvāra iva bāhavaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"All four of those bulls among men were indeed dear to him, like four arms sprung from his own body.","w":[["sarva eva","all indeed","sarve eva"],["tu","but, and"],["tasyeṣṭāś","dear to him","tasya iṣṭāḥ"],["catvāraḥ","four"],["puruṣarṣabhāḥ","bulls among men","",[["puruṣa","man"],["ṛṣabha","bull, best of"]]],["svaśarīrād","from his own body","svaśarīrāt",[["sva","own"],["śarīra","body"]]],["vinirvṛttāś","sprung forth, come out","vinirvṛttāḥ"],["catvāra iva","like four","catvāraḥ iva"],["bāhavaḥ","arms"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"2.001.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"teṣām api mahātejā rāmo ratikaraḥ pituḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"svayambhūr iva bhūtānāṃ babhūva guṇavattaraḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Among them too, Rāma of great splendour, giver of joy to his father, was, like the Self-existent among beings, the most richly endowed with virtues.","w":[["teṣām api","among them too"],["mahātejā","of great splendour","mahātejāḥ",[["mahā","great"],["tejas","splendour"]]],["rāmo","Rāma","rāmaḥ"],["ratikaraḥ","giver of joy","",[["rati","joy, delight"],["kara","maker, giver"]]],["pituḥ","to the father, of the father"],["svayambhūr iva","like the Self-existent (Brahmā)","svayambhūḥ iva",[["svayam","self"],["bhū","becoming, existing"]]],["bhūtānāṃ","among beings"],["babhūva","became, was"],["guṇavattaraḥ","more richly endowed with virtues","",[["guṇavat","virtuous"],["-tara","more (comparative)"]]]]},{"v":11,"ref":"2.001.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"gate ca bharate rāmo lakṣmaṇaś ca mahābalaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pitaraṃ devasaṃkāśaṃ pūjayām āsatus tadā","q":null}],"tr":"And when Bharata had gone, Rāma and the mighty Lakṣmaṇa then honoured their father, who resembled a god.","w":[["gate ca bharate","and when Bharata had gone","gate ca bharate (loc. abs.)"],["rāmo","Rāma","rāmaḥ"],["lakṣmaṇaś ca","and Lakṣmaṇa","lakṣmaṇaḥ ca"],["mahābalaḥ","the mighty","",[["mahā","great"],["bala","strength"]]],["pitaraṃ","the father"],["devasaṃkāśaṃ","resembling a god","",[["deva","god"],["saṃkāśa","resembling, like"]]],["pūjayām āsatus","the two honoured","pūjayām āsatuḥ"],["tadā","then"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"2.001.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"pitur ājñāṃ puraskṛtya paurakāryāṇi sarvaśaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"cakāra rāmo dharmātmā priyāṇi ca hitāni ca","q":null}],"tr":"Placing his father's command foremost, righteous Rāma performed all the affairs of the townsfolk in every way, doing what was both pleasing and beneficial.","w":[["pitur","of the father","pituḥ"],["ājñāṃ","the command"],["puraskṛtya","having put foremost, honouring"],["paurakāryāṇi","the affairs of the townsfolk","",[["paura","townsman, citizen"],["kārya","task, affair"]]],["sarvaśaḥ","in every way, wholly"],["cakāra","did, performed"],["rāmo","Rāma","rāmaḥ"],["dharmātmā","the righteous-souled","",[["dharma","dharma"],["ātman","soul"]]],["priyāṇi ca","and pleasing things"],["hitāni ca","and beneficial things"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"2.001.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"mātṛbhyo mātṛkāryāṇi kṛtvā paramayantritaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"gurūṇāṃ gurukāryāṇi kāle kāle 'nvavaikṣata","q":null}],"tr":"Performing for his mothers the duties owed to mothers, supremely self-controlled, he looked after the duties owed to his elders time after time.","w":[["mātṛbhyo","for the mothers","mātṛbhyaḥ"],["mātṛkāryāṇi","the duties toward mothers","",[["mātṛ","mother"],["kārya","duty, task"]]],["kṛtvā","having done"],["paramayantritaḥ","supremely restrained, self-controlled","",[["parama","supreme"],["yantrita","restrained, controlled"]]],["gurūṇāṃ","of the elders, teachers"],["gurukāryāṇi","the duties toward elders","",[["guru","elder, teacher"],["kārya","duty, task"]]],["kāle kāle","time after time"],["'nvavaikṣata","attended to, looked after","anvavaikṣata"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"2.001.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"evaṃ daśarathaḥ prīto brāhmaṇā naigamās tathā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rāmasya śīlavṛttena sarve viṣayavāsinaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Thus Daśaratha was pleased, and so too the brahmins, the townspeople, and all who dwelt in the realm, on account of Rāma's character and conduct.","w":[["evaṃ","thus"],["daśarathaḥ","Daśaratha"],["prīto","pleased","prītaḥ"],["brāhmaṇā","the brahmins","brāhmaṇāḥ"],["naigamās","the townsfolk, merchants","naigamāḥ"],["tathā","likewise"],["rāmasya","of Rāma"],["śīlavṛttena","by his character and conduct","",[["śīla","character, disposition"],["vṛtta","conduct, behaviour"]]],["sarve","all"],["viṣayavāsinaḥ","the dwellers in the realm","",[["viṣaya","realm, territory"],["vāsin","dweller"]]]]},{"v":15,"ref":"2.001.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa hi nityaṃ praśāntātmā mṛdupūrvaṃ ca bhāṣate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ucyamāno 'pi paruṣaṃ nottaraṃ pratipadyate","q":null}],"tr":"For he, ever serene of soul, spoke gently and courteously; and even when addressed harshly, he would return no (harsh) reply.","w":[["sa","he"],["hi","for, indeed"],["nityaṃ","ever, always"],["praśāntātmā","serene of soul","praśānta-ātmā",[["praśānta","tranquil, calm"],["ātman","soul"]]],["mṛdupūrvaṃ","gently, courteously (lit. preceded by gentleness)","",[["mṛdu","gentle, soft"],["pūrva","preceded by"]]],["ca","and"],["bhāṣate","speaks"],["ucyamāno 'pi","even when addressed","ucyamānaḥ api"],["paruṣaṃ","harshly, roughly"],["nottaraṃ","no reply","na uttaraṃ"],["pratipadyate","returns, gives"]]},{"v":16,"ref":"2.001.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kathaṃ cid upakāreṇa kṛtenaikena tuṣyati","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"na smaraty apakārāṇāṃ śatam apy ātmavattayā","q":null}],"tr":"He is content with a single good turn done him somehow or other, and through his self-possession does not hold in mind even a hundred injuries.","w":[["kathaṃ cid","somehow, in some way"],["upakāreṇa","by a kindness, good turn"],["kṛtenaikena","by a single (one) done","kṛtena ekena"],["tuṣyati","is satisfied, content"],["na","not"],["smaraty","remembers, holds in mind","smarati"],["apakārāṇāṃ","of injuries, wrongs"],["śatam","a hundred"],["apy","even","api"],["ātmavattayā","through self-possession","",[["ātmavat","self-possessed, composed"],["-tā","the state of"]]]]},{"v":17,"ref":"2.001.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śīlavṛddhair jñānavṛddhair vayovṛddhaiś ca sajjanaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kathayann āsta vai nityam astrayogyāntareṣv api","q":null}],"tr":"Even in the intervals of his weapons-practice, he would ever pass the time conversing with good men — elders in character, elders in wisdom, and elders in age.","w":[["śīlavṛddhair","with elders in character","śīlavṛddhaiḥ",[["śīla","character"],["vṛddha","elder, advanced"]]],["jñānavṛddhair","with elders in wisdom","jñānavṛddhaiḥ",[["jñāna","knowledge, wisdom"],["vṛddha","elder, advanced"]]],["vayovṛddhaiś ca","and with elders in age","vayovṛddhaiḥ ca",[["vayas","age"],["vṛddha","elder, advanced"]]],["sajjanaiḥ","with good men","",[["sat","good"],["jana","people, person"]]],["kathayann","conversing","kathayan"],["āsta","remained, abided"],["vai","indeed"],["nityam","ever, always"],["astrayogyāntareṣv","in the intervals of weapons-practice","astrayogyāntareṣu api",[["astra","weapon"],["yogya","practice, drill"],["antara","interval"]]],["api","even, also"]]},{"v":18,"ref":"2.001.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kalyāṇābhijanaḥ sādhur adīnaḥ satyavāg ṛjuḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vṛddhair abhivinītaś ca dvijair dharmārthadarśibhiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Of noble birth, virtuous, undismayed, truthful of speech, upright, he was well-trained by aged brahmins who perceived dharma and artha.","w":[["kalyāṇābhijanaḥ","of noble birth","kalyāṇa-abhijanaḥ",[["kalyāṇa","auspicious, noble"],["abhijana","birth, lineage"]]],["sādhur","virtuous, good","sādhuḥ"],["adīnaḥ","undismayed, not dejected","",[["a-","not"],["dīna","dejected, miserable"]]],["satyavāg","truthful of speech","satyavāk",[["satya","truth"],["vāc","speech"]]],["ṛjuḥ","upright, straight"],["vṛddhair","by elders","vṛddhaiḥ"],["abhivinītaś ca","and well-trained","abhivinītaḥ ca"],["dvijair","by brahmins","dvijaiḥ"],["dharmārthadarśibhiḥ","who perceive dharma and artha","",[["dharma","dharma"],["artha","material welfare"],["darśin","seeing, perceiving"]]]]},{"v":19,"ref":"2.001.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dharmārthakāmatattvajñaḥ smṛtimān pratibhāvanān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"laukike samayācare kṛtakalpo viśāradaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"A knower of the true nature of dharma, artha, and kāma, of retentive memory and quick wit, he was accomplished and expert in worldly custom and usage.","w":[["dharmārthakāmatattvajñaḥ","knowing the essence of dharma, artha, and kāma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["artha","wealth, welfare"],["kāma","pleasure, desire"],["tattva","truth, essence"],["jña","knowing"]]],["smṛtimān","of retentive memory","",[["smṛti","memory"],["-mat","possessing"]]],["pratibhāvanān","of ready wit, resourceful","pratibhānavān",[["pratibhāna","ready wit, presence of mind"],["-vat","possessing"]]],["laukike","in worldly (matters)"],["samayācare","in custom and usage","samaya-ācāre",[["samaya","convention, usage"],["ācāra","custom, conduct"]]],["kṛtakalpo","accomplished, well-prepared","kṛtakalpaḥ",[["kṛta","done, made"],["kalpa","competent, prepared"]]],["viśāradaḥ","expert, skilled"]]},{"v":20,"ref":"2.001.020","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śāstrajñaś ca kṛtajñaś ca puruṣāntarakovidaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yaḥ pragrahānugrahayor yathānyāyaṃ vicakṣaṇaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Learned in the scriptures, mindful of favours done, and skilled in reading the characters of men, he was discerning, according to what was just, in matters of restraint and of favour.","w":[["śāstrajñaś ca","and learned in the scriptures","śāstrajñaḥ ca",[["śāstra","scripture, treatise"],["jña","knowing"]]],["kṛtajñaś ca","and grateful, mindful of what is done","kṛtajñaḥ ca",[["kṛta","done"],["jña","knowing"]]],["puruṣāntarakovidaḥ","skilled in the differences among men","",[["puruṣa","man"],["antara","difference, inner nature"],["kovida","skilled, expert"]]],["yaḥ","who"],["pragrahānugrahayor","in restraint and favour","pragraha-anugrahayoḥ",[["pragraha","holding back, restraint"],["anugraha","favour, grace"]]],["yathānyāyaṃ","according to justice","yathā-nyāyaṃ",[["yathā","according to"],["nyāya","justice, propriety"]]],["vicakṣaṇaḥ","discerning, clear-sighted"]]},{"v":21,"ref":"2.001.021","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"āyakarmaṇy upāyajñaḥ saṃdṛṣṭavyayakarmavit","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śraiṣṭhyaṃ śāstrasamūheṣu prāpto vyāmiśrakeṣv api","q":null}],"tr":"Skilled in the means of raising revenue, versed in the proper regulation of expenditure, he had attained pre-eminence in the whole body of the sciences, even in the mixed (combined) ones.","w":[["āyakarmaṇy","in the business of revenue","āyakarmaṇi",[["āya","income, revenue"],["karman","action, business"]]],["upāyajñaḥ","knowing the means","",[["upāya","means, expedient"],["jña","knowing"]]],["saṃdṛṣṭavyayakarmavit","versed in duly-regulated expenditure","",[["saṃdṛṣṭa","duly observed, prescribed"],["vyaya","expenditure"],["karman","action"],["vid","knower"]]],["śraiṣṭhyaṃ","pre-eminence, supremacy"],["śāstrasamūheṣu","in the bodies of the sciences","",[["śāstra","science, treatise"],["samūha","collection, body"]]],["prāpto","attained","prāptaḥ"],["vyāmiśrakeṣv","in the mixed (ones)","vyāmiśrakeṣu api",[["vyāmiśra","mixed, combined"]]],["api","even, also"]]},{"v":22,"ref":"2.001.022","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"arthadharmau ca saṃgṛhya sukhatantro na cālasaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vaihārikāṇāṃ śilpānāṃ vijñātārthavibhāgavit","q":null}],"tr":"Grasping both artha and dharma, devoted to enjoyment yet not slothful, he understood the classification and value of the arts that give pleasure.","w":[["arthadharmau ca","and both artha and dharma","",[["artha","wealth, welfare"],["dharma","dharma"]]],["saṃgṛhya","having grasped, mastered"],["sukhatantro","devoted to enjoyment","sukhatantraḥ",[["sukha","pleasure, ease"],["tantra","given over to, dependent on"]]],["na","not"],["cālasaḥ","and slothful","ca alasaḥ"],["vaihārikāṇāṃ","of the recreational (arts)"],["śilpānāṃ","of the arts, crafts"],["vijñātārthavibhāgavit","knowing the discernment of their value","vijñāta-artha-vibhāga-vit",[["vijñāta","understood, discerned"],["artha","value, meaning"],["vibhāga","division, classification"],["vid","knower"]]]]},{"v":23,"ref":"2.001.023","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ārohe vinaye caiva yukto vāraṇavājinām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dhanurvedavidāṃ śreṣṭho loke 'tirathasaṃmataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Skilled in the mounting and training of elephants and horses, he was the best among those versed in archery, and in the world was reckoned an atiratha (a foremost chariot-warrior).","w":[["ārohe","in mounting, riding"],["vinaye","in training, discipline"],["caiva","and indeed","ca eva"],["yukto","skilled, engaged","yuktaḥ"],["vāraṇavājinām","of elephants and horses","",[["vāraṇa","elephant"],["vājin","horse"]]],["dhanurvedavidāṃ","of those versed in archery","",[["dhanus","bow"],["veda","science, knowledge"],["vid","knower"]]],["śreṣṭho","the best","śreṣṭhaḥ"],["loke","in the world"],["'tirathasaṃmataḥ","reckoned an atiratha","atirathasaṃmataḥ",[["atiratha","a foremost chariot-warrior"],["saṃmata","esteemed, reckoned"]]]]},{"v":24,"ref":"2.001.024","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"abhiyātā prahartā ca senānayaviśāradaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"apradhṛṣyaś ca saṃgrāme kruddhair api surāsuraiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"A skilled attacker and striker, expert in the conduct of armies, he was unassailable in battle even by enraged gods and demons.","w":[["abhiyātā","an attacker, assailant"],["prahartā","a striker, one who deals blows"],["ca","and"],["senānayaviśāradaḥ","expert in the leading of armies","",[["senā","army"],["naya","policy, conduct, leading"],["viśārada","expert, skilled"]]],["apradhṛṣyaś ca","and unassailable","apradhṛṣyaḥ ca",[["a-","not"],["pradhṛṣya","to be assailed, overcome"]]],["saṃgrāme","in battle"],["kruddhair api","even by the enraged","kruddhaiḥ api"],["surāsuraiḥ","by gods and demons","",[["sura","god"],["asura","demon"]]]]},{"v":25,"ref":"2.001.025","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"anasūyo jitakrodho na dṛpto na ca matsarī","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"na cāvamantā bhūtānāṃ na ca kālavaśānugaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Free of envy, having conquered anger, neither arrogant nor spiteful, he neither despised any creatures nor yielded to the sway of passing moods.","w":[["anasūyo","free of envy","anasūyaḥ",[["an-","not"],["asūyā","envy, spite"]]],["jitakrodho","having conquered anger","jitakrodhaḥ",[["jita","conquered"],["krodha","anger"]]],["na","not"],["dṛpto","arrogant, insolent","dṛptaḥ"],["na ca","and not"],["matsarī","spiteful, jealous"],["na cāvamantā","and not a despiser","na ca avamantā"],["bhūtānāṃ","of beings, creatures"],["na ca","and not"],["kālavaśānugaḥ","subject to the power of the moment/circumstance","",[["kāla","time, occasion"],["vaśa","power, sway"],["anuga","following, subject to"]]]]},{"v":26,"ref":"2.001.026","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"evaṃ śraiṣṭhair guṇair yuktaḥ prajānāṃ pārthivātmajaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"saṃmatas triṣu lokeṣu vasudhāyāḥ kṣamāguṇaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"e","t":"buddhyā bṛhaspates tulyo vīryeṇāpi śacīpateḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Thus endowed with the finest virtues, the prince was esteemed among the people in all three worlds; with his qualities of forbearance he was the equal of the Earth, in intellect the equal of Bṛhaspati, and in valour the equal even of Śacī's lord (Indra).","w":[["evaṃ","thus"],["śraiṣṭhair","with the finest","śraiṣṭhaiḥ"],["guṇair","with virtues","guṇaiḥ"],["yuktaḥ","endowed, joined"],["prajānāṃ","among the people, subjects"],["pārthivātmajaḥ","the prince (king's son)","pārthiva-ātmajaḥ",[["pārthiva","king"],["ātmaja","son"]]],["saṃmatas","esteemed, honoured","saṃmataḥ"],["triṣu lokeṣu","in the three worlds"],["vasudhāyāḥ","of the Earth"],["kṣamāguṇaiḥ","by qualities of forbearance","",[["kṣamā","patience, forbearance"],["guṇa","quality"]]],["buddhyā","in intellect"],["bṛhaspates","of Bṛhaspati","bṛhaspateḥ"],["tulyo","equal","tulyaḥ"],["vīryeṇāpi","and in valour","vīryeṇa api"],["śacīpateḥ","of the lord of Śacī (Indra)","",[["śacī","Śacī"],["pati","lord, husband"]]]]},{"v":27,"ref":"2.001.027","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tathā sarvaprajākāntaiḥ prītisaṃjananaiḥ pituḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"guṇair viruruce rāmo dīptaḥ sūrya ivāṃśubhiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Likewise Rāma shone with virtues that endeared him to all the people and gladdened his father, as the blazing sun shines with its rays.","w":[["tathā","likewise"],["sarvaprajākāntaiḥ","dear to all the people","",[["sarva","all"],["prajā","people, subjects"],["kānta","beloved, dear"]]],["prītisaṃjananaiḥ","producing joy","",[["prīti","joy, affection"],["saṃjanana","producing, engendering"]]],["pituḥ","of/for the father"],["guṇair","by virtues","guṇaiḥ"],["viruruce","shone forth"],["rāmo","Rāma","rāmaḥ"],["dīptaḥ","blazing, radiant"],["sūrya ivāṃśubhiḥ","like the sun with its rays","sūryaḥ iva aṃśubhiḥ"]]},{"v":28,"ref":"2.001.028","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tam evaṃvṛttasaṃpannam apradhṛṣya parākramam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"lokapālopamaṃ nātham akāmayata medinī","q":null}],"tr":"Him, thus perfect in conduct and of unassailable prowess, a protector like the guardians of the worlds, the Earth desired for her lord.","w":[["tam","him"],["evaṃvṛttasaṃpannam","endowed with such conduct","",[["evaṃ","thus"],["vṛtta","conduct"],["saṃpanna","endowed, possessed of"]]],["apradhṛṣya","unassailable","",[["a-","not"],["pradhṛṣya","to be assailed"]]],["parākramam","of prowess, valour"],["lokapālopamaṃ","like a world-guardian","",[["loka","world"],["pāla","guardian, protector"],["upama","like"]]],["nātham","as lord, protector"],["akāmayata","desired, longed for"],["medinī","the Earth"]]},{"v":29,"ref":"2.001.029","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"etais tu bahubhir yuktaṃ guṇair anupamaiḥ sutam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"dṛṣṭvā daśaratho rājā cakre cintāṃ paraṃtapaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Seeing his son endowed with these many peerless virtues, King Daśaratha, scorcher of foes, fell to pondering.","w":[["etais tu","and with these","etaiḥ tu"],["bahubhir","many","bahubhiḥ"],["yuktaṃ","endowed"],["guṇair","with virtues","guṇaiḥ"],["anupamaiḥ","peerless, incomparable","",[["an-","not"],["upama","comparison, like"]]],["sutam","the son"],["dṛṣṭvā","having seen"],["daśaratho","Daśaratha","daśarathaḥ"],["rājā","the king"],["cakre","made"],["cintāṃ","reflection, thought"],["paraṃtapaḥ","scorcher of foes","",[["param","enemy, other"],["tapa","scorching, tormenting"]]]]},{"v":30,"ref":"2.001.030","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"eṣā hy asya parā prītir hṛdi saṃparivartate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kadā nāma sutaṃ drakṣyāmy abhiṣiktam ahaṃ priyam","q":null}],"tr":"For this supreme longing kept revolving in his heart: “When indeed shall I see my beloved son consecrated (as heir-apparent)?”","w":[["eṣā","this"],["hy","for, indeed","hi"],["asya","his"],["parā","supreme, highest"],["prītir","longing, delight","prītiḥ"],["hṛdi","in the heart"],["saṃparivartate","revolves, turns about"],["kadā","when"],["nāma","indeed, perchance"],["sutaṃ","the son"],["drakṣyāmy","shall I see","drakṣyāmi"],["abhiṣiktam","consecrated, anointed"],["ahaṃ","I"],["priyam","beloved, dear"]]},{"v":31,"ref":"2.001.031","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vṛddhikāmo hi lokasya sarvabhūtānukampanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mattaḥ priyataro loke parjanya iva vṛṣṭimān","q":null}],"tr":"“For he desires the prosperity of the world and is compassionate to all beings; he is dearer to the world than I am, like the rain-laden cloud (that all welcome).","w":[["vṛddhikāmo","desiring (their) prosperity","vṛddhikāmaḥ",[["vṛddhi","growth, prosperity"],["kāma","desiring"]]],["hi","for, indeed"],["lokasya","of the world"],["sarvabhūtānukampanaḥ","compassionate to all beings","sarva-bhūta-anukampanaḥ",[["sarva","all"],["bhūta","being, creature"],["anukampana","compassion, sympathy"]]],["mattaḥ","than me"],["priyataro","dearer","priyataraḥ",[["priya","dear"],["-tara","more"]]],["loke","in the world, to the world"],["parjanya iva","like the rain-cloud","parjanyaḥ iva"],["vṛṣṭimān","laden with rain","",[["vṛṣṭi","rain"],["-mat","possessing"]]]]},{"v":32,"ref":"2.001.032","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yamaśakrasamo vīrye bṛhaspatisamo matau","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mahīdharasamo dhṛtyāṃ mattaś ca guṇavattaraḥ","q":null}],"tr":"In valour equal to Yama and Śakra (Indra), in wisdom equal to Bṛhaspati, in steadfastness equal to a mountain, and richer in virtues than I am.","w":[["yamaśakrasamo","equal to Yama and Śakra","yamaśakrasamaḥ",[["yama","Yama"],["śakra","Śakra (Indra)"],["sama","equal"]]],["vīrye","in valour"],["bṛhaspatisamo","equal to Bṛhaspati","bṛhaspatisamaḥ",[["bṛhaspati","Bṛhaspati"],["sama","equal"]]],["matau","in wisdom, thought"],["mahīdharasamo","equal to a mountain","mahīdharasamaḥ",[["mahīdhara","mountain (earth-bearer)"],["sama","equal"]]],["dhṛtyāṃ","in steadfastness, firmness"],["mattaś ca","and than me","mattaḥ ca"],["guṇavattaraḥ","richer in virtues","",[["guṇavat","virtuous"],["-tara","more"]]]]},{"v":33,"ref":"2.001.033","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"mahīm aham imāṃ kṛtsnām adhitiṣṭhantam ātmajam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"anena vayasā dṛṣṭvā yathā svargam avāpnuyām","q":null}],"tr":"Having seen my son, at this (my present) age, ruling over this whole earth, may I thereby attain heaven.”","w":[["mahīm","the earth"],["aham","I"],["imāṃ","this"],["kṛtsnām","whole, entire"],["adhitiṣṭhantam","ruling over, standing upon"],["ātmajam","the son","",[["ātman","self"],["ja","born"]]],["anena vayasā","at this age"],["dṛṣṭvā","having seen"],["yathā","so that, in order that"],["svargam","heaven"],["avāpnuyām","may I attain"]]},{"v":34,"ref":"2.001.034","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"taṃ samīkṣya mahārājo yuktaṃ samuditair guṇaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"niścitya sacivaiḥ sārdhaṃ yuvarājam amanyata","q":null}],"tr":"Beholding him endowed with these assembled virtues, the great king, after deliberating together with his counsellors, resolved upon (making him) heir-apparent.","w":[["taṃ","him"],["samīkṣya","having considered, beheld"],["mahārājo","the great king","mahārājaḥ",[["mahā","great"],["rāja","king"]]],["yuktaṃ","endowed"],["samuditair","assembled, combined","samuditaiḥ"],["guṇaiḥ","with virtues"],["niścitya","having determined, decided"],["sacivaiḥ sārdhaṃ","together with his counsellors"],["yuvarājam","as heir-apparent (crown prince)","",[["yuva","young"],["rāja","king"]]],["amanyata","resolved, thought (fit)"]]},{"v":35,"ref":"2.001.035","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"nānānagaravāstavyān pṛthagjānapadān api","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"samānināya medinyāḥ pradhānān pṛthivīpatiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"The lord of the earth summoned together the chief men of the land — residents of the various cities and, separately, those of the country districts.","w":[["nānānagaravāstavyān","dwellers of various cities","",[["nānā","various"],["nagara","city"],["vāstavya","resident, dweller"]]],["pṛthagjānapadān","and severally the country-folk","",[["pṛthak","separate, several"],["jānapada","country-dweller, provincial"]]],["api","also"],["samānināya","summoned together, brought together"],["medinyāḥ","of the earth"],["pradhānān","the chief men, foremost"],["pṛthivīpatiḥ","the lord of the earth","",[["pṛthivī","earth"],["pati","lord"]]]]},{"v":36,"ref":"2.001.036","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"atha rājavitīrṇeṣu vividheṣv āsaneṣu ca","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rājānam evābhimukhā niṣedur niyatā nṛpāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Then, upon the various seats bestowed by the king, the (assembled) rulers, composed, took their places facing the king.","w":[["atha","then"],["rājavitīrṇeṣu","bestowed by the king","",[["rāja","king"],["vitīrṇa","bestowed, granted"]]],["vividheṣv","various","vividheṣu"],["āsaneṣu ca","and on the seats"],["rājānam","the king"],["evābhimukhā","directly facing","eva abhimukhāḥ",[["abhimukha","facing, turned toward"]]],["niṣedur","sat down","niṣeduḥ"],["niyatā","composed, restrained","niyatāḥ"],["nṛpāḥ","the rulers, kings"]]},{"v":37,"ref":"2.001.037","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa labdhamānair vinayānvitair nṛpaiḥ purālayair jānapadaiś ca mānavaiḥ","q":["sa labdhamānair vinayānvitair nṛpaiḥ","purālayair jānapadaiś ca mānavaiḥ"]},{"p":"c","t":"upopaviṣṭair nṛpatir vṛto babhau sahasracakṣur bhagavān ivāmaraiḥ","q":["upopaviṣṭair nṛpatir vṛto babhau","sahasracakṣur bhagavān ivāmaraiḥ"]},{"p":"e","t":"upopaviṣṭair nṛpatir vṛto babhau","q":null},{"p":"g","t":"sahasracakṣur bhagavān ivāmaraiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Surrounded by those honoured and courteous rulers, and by the townsmen and country-folk seated close about him, the sovereign shone like the thousand-eyed lord (Indra) surrounded by the immortals.","w":[["sa","he"],["labdhamānair","by the honoured (ones)","labdhamānaiḥ",[["labdha","obtained"],["māna","honour, respect"]]],["vinayānvitair","endowed with courtesy","vinayānvitaiḥ",[["vinaya","modesty, discipline"],["anvita","endowed with"]]],["nṛpaiḥ","by the rulers, kings"],["purālayair","by the town-dwellers","purālayaiḥ",[["pura","city"],["ālaya","abode, dweller"]]],["jānapadaiś ca","and by the country-folk","jānapadaiḥ ca"],["mānavaiḥ","by the men"],["upopaviṣṭair","seated close by","upopaviṣṭaiḥ",[["upa","near"],["upaviṣṭa","seated"]]],["nṛpatir","the sovereign, king","nṛpatiḥ",[["nṛ","man"],["pati","lord"]]],["vṛto","surrounded","vṛtaḥ"],["babhau","shone"],["sahasracakṣur","the thousand-eyed (Indra)","sahasracakṣuḥ",[["sahasra","thousand"],["cakṣus","eye"]]],["bhagavān","the lord"],["ivāmaraiḥ","as by the immortals","iva amaraiḥ"]]}]}