{"kanda":1,"kandaName":"Bāla Kāṇḍa","sarga":8,"title":"Daśaratha seeks sons: Sumantra’s prophecy","sentence":"Daśaratha proposes a sacrifice for sons, Sumantra recalls Sanatkumāra’s prophecy and the story of Ṛṣyaśṛṅga’s arrival in drought-stricken Aṅga","portion":"Ṛṣyaśṛṅga","sequence":[[{"steps":["Despite his power and prosperity, Daśaratha has no son to continue his line","he decides to undertake a horse-sacrifice for offspring and tells Sumantra to summon the teachers and priests (8.1–4)"],"from":1,"to":4,"sarga":8},{"steps":["privately, Sumantra recalls a prophecy he heard Sanatkumāra tell the ṛṣis (8.5–6). In Sumantra's account, Vibhāṇḍaka, son of Kaśyapa, raises his son, the muni Ṛṣyaśṛṅga, entirely in the forest, where he knows only his father, the sacred fire, and their disciplined way of life (8.7–10)"],"from":5,"to":10,"sarga":8},{"steps":["a transgression by Romapāda, King of Aṅga, brings a terrible drought","the distressed King asks learned brāhmaṇas how to make amends (8.11–14)"],"from":11,"to":14,"sarga":8},{"steps":["they advise bringing Ṛṣyaśṛṅga and marrying him to the King's daughter Śāntā (8.15–16)"],"from":15,"to":16,"sarga":8},{"steps":["the King and ministers consider how to fetch him, but the proposed envoys fear Ṛṣyaśṛṅga and initially refuse (8.17–19)"],"from":17,"to":19,"sarga":8},{"steps":["they devise another means: courtesans bring Ṛṣyaśṛṅga, rain falls, and Śāntā becomes his wife (8.20–21)"],"from":20,"to":21,"sarga":8},{"steps":["Sumantra says that this same Ṛṣyaśṛṅga will obtain sons for Daśaratha","delighted, Daśaratha asks to hear exactly how the young tapasvin was brought (8.22–23)."],"from":22,"to":23,"sarga":8}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"1.008.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tasya tv evaṃ prabhāvasya dharmajñasya mahātmanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sutārthaṃ tapyamānasya nāsīd vaṃśakaraḥ sutaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"But of him of such might, that righteous, great-souled one who tormented himself for the sake of a son, there was no son to continue his line.","w":[["tasya","of him"],["tv","but","tu"],["evaṃ","such, thus"],["prabhāvasya","of might, majesty"],["dharmajñasya","of the knower of dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["jña","knowing, knower"]]],["mahātmanaḥ","of the great-souled one","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["sutārthaṃ","for the sake of a son","",[["suta","son"],["artha","sake, purpose"]]],["tapyamānasya","of one tormenting himself, doing penance"],["nāsīd","there was not","na āsīt"],["vaṃśakaraḥ","continuing the line","",[["vaṃśa","lineage, line"],["kara","making, continuing"]]],["sutaḥ","son"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"1.008.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"cintayānasya tasyaivaṃ buddhir āsīn mahātmanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sutārthaṃ vājimedhena kimarthaṃ na yajāmy aham","q":null}],"tr":"As that great-souled one pondered thus, a thought came to him: “Why do I not sacrifice with a horse-sacrifice for the sake of a son?”","w":[["cintayānasya","of one pondering"],["tasyaivaṃ","of him thus","tasya evaṃ"],["buddhir","a thought","buddhiḥ"],["āsīn","arose, was","āsīt"],["mahātmanaḥ","of the great-souled one","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["sutārthaṃ","for the sake of a son","",[["suta","son"],["artha","sake, purpose"]]],["vājimedhena","with a horse-sacrifice","",[["vāji","horse, steed"],["medha","sacrifice"]]],["kimarthaṃ","for what reason, why","",[["kim","what"],["artha","purpose"]]],["na","not"],["yajāmy","do I sacrifice","yajāmi"],["aham","I"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"1.008.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa niścitāṃ matiṃ kṛtvā yaṣṭavyam iti buddhimān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"mantribhiḥ saha dharmātmā sarvair eva kṛtātmabhiḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Having firmly made up his mind that a sacrifice must be held, that wise and righteous one, together with all his ministers, every one accomplished in soul,","w":[["sa","he"],["niścitāṃ","firm, resolved"],["matiṃ","mind, resolve"],["kṛtvā","having made"],["yaṣṭavyam","a sacrifice must be performed"],["iti","thus"],["buddhimān","the wise one","",[["buddhi","intelligence"],["-mat","possessing"]]],["mantribhiḥ","with his ministers"],["saha","together with"],["dharmātmā","the righteous-souled","",[["dharma","dharma"],["ātman","soul"]]],["sarvair","with all","sarvaiḥ"],["eva","indeed, every one"],["kṛtātmabhiḥ","accomplished in soul, disciplined","",[["kṛta","made, accomplished"],["ātman","soul"]]]]},{"v":4,"ref":"1.008.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tato 'bravīd idaṃ rājā sumantraṃ mantrisattamam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śīghram ānaya me sarvān gurūṃs tān sapurohitān","q":null}],"tr":"then the king said this to Sumantra, the best of ministers: “Quickly bring me all those gurus, together with the family priests.”","w":[["tato","then","tataḥ"],["'bravīd","said","abravīt"],["idaṃ","this"],["rājā","the king"],["sumantraṃ","to Sumantra"],["mantrisattamam","the best of ministers","",[["mantri","minister"],["sattama","best of"]]],["śīghram","quickly"],["ānaya","bring"],["me","to me"],["sarvān","all"],["gurūṃs","the gurus, elders","gurūn"],["tān","those"],["sapurohitān","together with the family priests","",[["sa","with"],["purohita","family priest, chaplain"]]]]},{"v":5,"ref":"1.008.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"etac chrutvā rahaḥ sūto rājānam idam abravīt","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ṛtvigbhir upadiṣṭo 'yaṃ purāvṛtto mayā śrutaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Hearing this, the charioteer spoke this to the king in private: “This story, taught by the ṛtvij-priests, an event of ancient times, was heard by me.","w":[["etac","this","etat"],["chrutvā","having heard","śrutvā"],["rahaḥ","in private, secretly"],["sūto","the charioteer (Sūta)","sūtaḥ"],["rājānam","to the king"],["idam","this"],["abravīt","said"],["ṛtvigbhir","by the ṛtvij-priests","ṛtvigbhiḥ"],["upadiṣṭo","taught, imparted","upadiṣṭaḥ"],["'yaṃ","this","ayaṃ"],["purāvṛtto","an event of old times","purāvṛttaḥ",[["purā","of old, formerly"],["vṛtta","event, occurrence"]]],["mayā","by me"],["śrutaḥ","heard"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"1.008.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sanatkumāro bhagavān pūrvaṃ kathitavān kathām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ṛṣīṇāṃ saṃnidhau rājaṃs tava putrāgamaṃ prati","q":null}],"tr":"The venerable Sanatkumāra formerly told a story, in the presence of the seers, O king, concerning the coming of a son to you.","w":[["sanatkumāro","Sanatkumāra","sanatkumāraḥ"],["bhagavān","the venerable one"],["pūrvaṃ","formerly, of old"],["kathitavān","told, related"],["kathām","a story"],["ṛṣīṇāṃ","of the seers"],["saṃnidhau","in the presence"],["rājaṃs","O king","rājan"],["tava","to you, your"],["putrāgamaṃ","the coming of a son","",[["putra","son"],["āgama","coming, arrival"]]],["prati","concerning, regarding"]]},{"v":7,"ref":"1.008.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kāśyapasya tu putro 'sti vibhāṇḍaka iti śrutaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ṛṣyaśṛṅga iti khyātas tasya putro bhaviṣyati","q":null}],"tr":"“Kāśyapa has a son known as Vibhāṇḍaka; to him will be born a son renowned as Ṛṣyaśṛṅga.","w":[["kāśyapasya","of Kāśyapa"],["tu","now, indeed"],["putro","a son","putraḥ"],["'sti","there is","asti"],["vibhāṇḍaka","Vibhāṇḍaka","vibhāṇḍakaḥ"],["iti","thus, by name"],["śrutaḥ","known, heard of"],["ṛṣyaśṛṅga","Ṛṣyaśṛṅga","ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ"],["iti","thus, by name"],["khyātas","renowned","khyātaḥ"],["tasya","to him, his"],["putro","a son","putraḥ"],["bhaviṣyati","will be born"]]},{"v":8,"ref":"1.008.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa vane nityasaṃvṛddho munir vanacaraḥ sadā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nānyaṃ jānāti viprendro nityaṃ pitranuvartanāt","q":null}],"tr":"That sage, ever reared in the forest, always a forest-dweller, that best of brahmins knows no other way of life, for he ever follows his father.","w":[["sa","he"],["vane","in the forest"],["nityasaṃvṛddho","ever reared, always grown up","nityasaṃvṛddhaḥ",[["nitya","ever, constant"],["saṃvṛddha","grown up, reared"]]],["munir","the sage","muniḥ"],["vanacaraḥ","forest-dweller","",[["vana","forest"],["cara","moving, dwelling"]]],["sadā","always"],["nānyaṃ","no other","na anyaṃ"],["jānāti","knows"],["viprendro","best of brahmins","viprendraḥ",[["vipra","brahmin"],["indra","lord, chief"]]],["nityaṃ","always"],["pitranuvartanāt","from following his father","pitṛ-anuvartanāt",[["pitṛ","father"],["anuvartana","following, obeying"]]]]},{"v":9,"ref":"1.008.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dvaividhyaṃ brahmacaryasya bhaviṣyati mahātmanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"lokeṣu prathitaṃ rājan vipraiś ca kathitaṃ sadā","q":null}],"tr":"There will come to be a two-fold nature to the celibacy of that great-souled one — a thing famed in the worlds, O king, and ever spoken of by the brahmins.","w":[["dvaividhyaṃ","two-fold nature, duality"],["brahmacaryasya","of the celibacy, chaste studentship","",[["brahma","sacred, Brahman"],["carya","conduct, practice"]]],["bhaviṣyati","will be"],["mahātmanaḥ","of the great-souled one","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["lokeṣu","in the worlds"],["prathitaṃ","famed, renowned"],["rājan","O king"],["vipraiś","by the brahmins","vipraiḥ"],["ca","and"],["kathitaṃ","spoken of, told"],["sadā","always"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"1.008.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tasyaivaṃ vartamānasya kālaḥ samabhivartata","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"agniṃ śuśrūṣamāṇasya pitaraṃ ca yaśasvinam","q":null}],"tr":"As he lived thus, tending the sacred fire and his illustrious father, time went on.","w":[["tasyaivaṃ","of him thus","tasya evaṃ"],["vartamānasya","of one living, abiding"],["kālaḥ","time"],["samabhivartata","passed on, went by"],["agniṃ","the (sacred) fire"],["śuśrūṣamāṇasya","of one serving, tending"],["pitaraṃ","the father"],["ca","and"],["yaśasvinam","illustrious"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"1.008.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"etasminn eva kāle tu romapādaḥ pratāpavān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"aṅgeṣu prathitā rājā bhaviṣyati mahābalaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"At this very time there will be Romapāda, majestic, a renowned and mighty king among the Aṅgas.","w":[["etasminn","at this","etasmin"],["eva","very"],["kāle","time"],["tu","and, now"],["romapādaḥ","Romapāda"],["pratāpavān","majestic, of great valour","",[["pratāpa","valour, majesty"],["-vat","possessing"]]],["aṅgeṣu","among the Aṅgas"],["prathitā","renowned","prathitaḥ"],["rājā","king"],["bhaviṣyati","will be"],["mahābalaḥ","of great strength","",[["mahā","great"],["bala","strength"]]]]},{"v":12,"ref":"1.008.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tasya vyatikramād rājño bhaviṣyati sudāruṇā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"anāvṛṣṭiḥ sughorā vai sarvabhūtabhayāvahā","q":null}],"tr":"Through a transgression of that king there will come a most terrible, dreadful drought, bringing terror to all beings.","w":[["tasya","of that"],["vyatikramād","through a transgression, lapse","vyatikramāt"],["rājño","of the king","rājñaḥ"],["bhaviṣyati","will be"],["sudāruṇā","most terrible","",[["su","very"],["dāruṇā","terrible, dreadful"]]],["anāvṛṣṭiḥ","drought, failure of rain","",[["an","not"],["ā","towards"],["vṛṣṭi","rain"]]],["sughorā","most dreadful","",[["su","very"],["ghorā","dreadful, fearful"]]],["vai","indeed"],["sarvabhūtabhayāvahā","bringing terror to all beings","",[["sarva","all"],["bhūta","beings"],["bhaya","fear, terror"],["āvahā","bringing"]]]]},{"v":13,"ref":"1.008.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"anāvṛṣṭyāṃ tu vṛttāyāṃ rājā duḥkhasamanvitaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"brāhmaṇāñ śrutavṛddhāṃś ca samānīya pravakṣyati","q":null}],"tr":"When the drought has set in, the king, filled with sorrow, having gathered the brahmins who are aged in sacred learning, will say:","w":[["anāvṛṣṭyāṃ","in the drought","",[["an","not"],["ā","towards"],["vṛṣṭi","rain"]]],["tu","and"],["vṛttāyāṃ","having occurred (loc. abs.)"],["rājā","the king"],["duḥkhasamanvitaḥ","filled with sorrow","",[["duḥkha","sorrow, grief"],["samanvita","filled with, endowed"]]],["brāhmaṇāñ","the brahmins","brāhmaṇān"],["śrutavṛddhāṃś","aged in sacred learning","śrutavṛddhān",[["śruta","sacred learning, the heard"],["vṛddha","aged, elder"]]],["ca","and"],["samānīya","having gathered together"],["pravakṣyati","will say"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"1.008.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"bhavantaḥ śrutadharmāṇo loke cāritravedinaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"samādiśantu niyamaṃ prāyaścittaṃ yathā bhavet","q":null}],"tr":"“You who know the revealed law and are versed in right conduct in the world, ordain some rite of restraint, so that an expiation may be made.”","w":[["bhavantaḥ","you (honoured ones)"],["śrutadharmāṇo","knowers of the revealed law","śrutadharmāṇaḥ",[["śruta","the heard, revealed lore"],["dharma","law, dharma"]]],["loke","in the world"],["cāritravedinaḥ","versed in right conduct","",[["cāritra","conduct, good practice"],["vedin","knowing, versed in"]]],["samādiśantu","let them ordain, prescribe"],["niyamaṃ","a rite of restraint, observance"],["prāyaścittaṃ","expiation, atonement"],["yathā","so that"],["bhavet","may be, may come about"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"1.008.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vakṣyanti te mahīpālaṃ brāhmaṇā vedapāragāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vibhāṇḍakasutaṃ rājan sarvopāyair ihānaya","q":null}],"tr":"Those brahmins, masters of the Vedas, will say to that protector of the earth: “O king, bring the son of Vibhāṇḍaka here by every means.”","w":[["vakṣyanti","will say"],["te","those"],["mahīpālaṃ","to the protector of the earth","",[["mahī","earth"],["pāla","protector"]]],["brāhmaṇā","the brahmins","brāhmaṇāḥ"],["vedapāragāḥ","masters of the Vedas","",[["veda","Veda"],["pāraga","one who has gone to the far shore, master"]]],["vibhāṇḍakasutaṃ","the son of Vibhāṇḍaka","",[["vibhāṇḍaka","Vibhāṇḍaka"],["suta","son"]]],["rājan","O king"],["sarvopāyair","by every means","sarvopāyaiḥ",[["sarva","all, every"],["upāya","means, expedient"]]],["ihānaya","bring here","iha ānaya"]]},{"v":16,"ref":"1.008.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ānāyya ca mahīpāla ṛṣyaśṛṅgaṃ susatkṛtam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"prayaccha kanyāṃ śāntāṃ vai vidhinā susamāhitaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"“And O protector of the earth, having had Ṛṣyaśṛṅga brought and well honoured, give him your daughter Śāntā according to rule, with full attentiveness.”","w":[["ānāyya","having caused to be brought"],["ca","and"],["mahīpāla","O protector of the earth","",[["mahī","earth"],["pāla","protector"]]],["ṛṣyaśṛṅgaṃ","Ṛṣyaśṛṅga"],["susatkṛtam","well honoured","",[["su","well"],["satkṛta","honoured, treated with respect"]]],["prayaccha","give, bestow"],["kanyāṃ","the maiden, daughter"],["śāntāṃ","Śāntā"],["vai","indeed"],["vidhinā","according to rule"],["susamāhitaḥ","with full attentiveness, composed","",[["su","well"],["samāhita","composed, attentive"]]]]},{"v":17,"ref":"1.008.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"teṣāṃ tu vacanaṃ śrutvā rājā cintāṃ prapatsyate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kenopāyena vai śakyam ihānetuṃ sa vīryavān","q":null}],"tr":"Hearing their words, the king will fall to pondering: “By what means indeed can that heroic one be brought here?”","w":[["teṣāṃ","their"],["tu","and"],["vacanaṃ","words"],["śrutvā","having heard"],["rājā","the king"],["cintāṃ","worry, deliberation"],["prapatsyate","will fall into"],["kenopāyena","by what means","kena upāyena",[["ka","what"],["upāya","means, expedient"]]],["vai","indeed"],["śakyam","it is possible"],["ihānetuṃ","to bring here","iha ānetuṃ"],["sa","he, that"],["vīryavān","heroic, valorous","",[["vīrya","valour"],["-vat","possessing"]]]]},{"v":18,"ref":"1.008.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tato rājā viniścitya saha mantribhir ātmavān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"purohitam amātyāṃś ca preṣayiṣyati satkṛtān","q":null}],"tr":"Then the self-possessed king, having resolved together with his ministers, will send the family priest and his honoured counsellors.","w":[["tato","then","tataḥ"],["rājā","the king"],["viniścitya","having resolved, decided"],["saha","together with"],["mantribhir","his ministers","mantribhiḥ"],["ātmavān","self-possessed, resolute"],["purohitam","the family priest"],["amātyāṃś","the counsellors","amātyān"],["ca","and"],["preṣayiṣyati","will send"],["satkṛtān","honoured"]]},{"v":19,"ref":"1.008.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"te tu rājño vacaḥ śrutvā vyathitā vanatānanāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"na gacchema ṛṣer bhītā anuneṣyanti taṃ nṛpam","q":null}],"tr":"But they, hearing the king's words, distressed and with faces cast down, afraid of the seer, saying “We cannot go,” will seek to win over that king.","w":[["te","they"],["tu","but"],["rājño","of the king","rājñaḥ"],["vacaḥ","words"],["śrutvā","having heard"],["vyathitā","distressed, agitated","vyathitāḥ"],["vanatānanāḥ","with faces cast down","avanatānanāḥ",[["avanata","bent down, lowered"],["ānana","face"]]],["na","not"],["gacchema","we could go, would go"],["ṛṣer","of the seer","ṛṣeḥ"],["bhītā","afraid","bhītāḥ"],["anuneṣyanti","will conciliate, seek to win over"],["taṃ","that"],["nṛpam","king"]]},{"v":20,"ref":"1.008.020","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vakṣyanti cintayitvā te tasyopāyāṃś ca tān kṣamān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"āneṣyāmo vayaṃ vipraṃ na ca doṣo bhaviṣyati","q":null}],"tr":"Having thought it over, they will declare those suitable means for it: “We shall bring the brahmin, and no fault will arise.”","w":[["vakṣyanti","will declare, say"],["cintayitvā","having thought it over"],["te","they"],["tasyopāyāṃś","the means for that","tasya upāyān",[["tad","that"],["upāya","means, expedient"]]],["ca","and"],["tān","those"],["kṣamān","suitable, fit"],["āneṣyāmo","we shall bring","āneṣyāmaḥ"],["vayaṃ","we"],["vipraṃ","the brahmin"],["na","not"],["ca","and"],["doṣo","fault, blame","doṣaḥ"],["bhaviṣyati","will be"]]},{"v":21,"ref":"1.008.021","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"evam aṅgādhipenaiva gaṇikābhir ṛṣeḥ sutaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ānīto 'varṣayad devaḥ śāntā cāsmai pradīyate","q":null}],"tr":"Thus by the very lord of the Aṅgas, through courtesans, the seer's son was brought; the god rained, and Śāntā was given to him.","w":[["evam","thus"],["aṅgādhipenaiva","by the very lord of the Aṅgas","aṅgādhipena eva",[["aṅga","the Aṅgas"],["adhipa","lord, ruler"]]],["gaṇikābhir","through courtesans","gaṇikābhiḥ"],["ṛṣeḥ","of the seer"],["sutaḥ","the son"],["ānīto","was brought","ānītaḥ"],["'varṣayad","(the god) sent rain","avarṣayat"],["devaḥ","the god (the rain-god)"],["śāntā","Śāntā"],["cāsmai","and to him","ca asmai"],["pradīyate","was given"]]},{"v":22,"ref":"1.008.022","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ṛṣyaśṛṅgas tu jāmātā putrāṃs tava vidhāsyati","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sanatkumārakathitam etāvad vyāhṛtaṃ mayā","q":null}],"tr":"And Ṛṣyaśṛṅga, as your son-in-law, will procure sons for you. This much, as told by Sanatkumāra, has been declared by me.”","w":[["ṛṣyaśṛṅgas","Ṛṣyaśṛṅga","ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ"],["tu","and, indeed"],["jāmātā","as son-in-law"],["putrāṃs","sons","putrān"],["tava","for you"],["vidhāsyati","will procure, bring about"],["sanatkumārakathitam","told by Sanatkumāra","",[["sanatkumāra","Sanatkumāra"],["kathita","told, related"]]],["etāvad","this much","etāvat"],["vyāhṛtaṃ","declared, spoken"],["mayā","by me"]]},{"v":23,"ref":"1.008.023","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"atha hṛṣṭo daśarathaḥ sumantraṃ pratyabhāṣata","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yatharṣyaśṛṅgas tv ānīto vistareṇa tvayocyatām","q":null}],"tr":"Then, delighted, Daśaratha replied to Sumantra: “Let it be told by you in detail how Ṛṣyaśṛṅga was brought.”","w":[["atha","then"],["hṛṣṭo","delighted","hṛṣṭaḥ"],["daśarathaḥ","Daśaratha"],["sumantraṃ","to Sumantra"],["pratyabhāṣata","replied"],["yatharṣyaśṛṅgas","how Ṛṣyaśṛṅga","yathā ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ"],["tv","indeed","tu"],["ānīto","was brought","ānītaḥ"],["vistareṇa","in detail"],["tvayocyatām","let it be told by you","tvayā ucyatām"]]}]}