{"kanda":1,"kandaName":"Bāla Kāṇḍa","sarga":4,"title":"Kuśa & Lava perform the poem","sentence":"Kuśa & Lava learn and perform the poem, their singing moves the ṛṣis and brings them before Rāma","portion":"Origins of the Rāmāyaṇa","sequence":[[{"steps":["The frame narrative places the composition after Rāma has regained his Kingdom","having composed the story with its future events and sequel, Vālmīki wonders who should perform it (4.1–2)"],"from":1,"to":2,"sarga":4},{"steps":["Kuśa and Lava approach in tapasvins' clothing and bow at his feet","recognizing the princes' learning, intelligence, and fine voices, he teaches them the poem (4.3–5)"],"from":3,"to":5,"sarga":4},{"steps":["the work is called the Rāmāyaṇa, the great story of Sītā, and the slaying of Pulastya's descendant","the brothers master its musical tempos, modes, lute accompaniment, and varied emotions, resembling Rāma himself in appearance (4.6–11). Kuśa and Lava sing before assemblies of ṛṣis and dvijas (4.12–13)"],"from":6,"to":13,"sarga":4},{"steps":["the listeners weep, praise the sweetness of the verses and singing, and say the distant events seem to happen before their eyes (4.14–16)"],"from":14,"to":16,"sarga":4},{"steps":["encouraged, the brothers sing with still greater feeling","delighted maharṣis give them gifts, including a water pot and bark clothing (4.17–20)"],"from":17,"to":20,"sarga":4},{"steps":["Rāma sees the singers in the streets and brings them into his residence (4.21–22)"],"from":21,"to":22,"sarga":4},{"steps":["seated on his golden throne with his ministers and brothers, he asks Lakṣmaṇa, Śatrughna, and Bharata to listen","the brothers begin, and Rāma becomes absorbed in their song (4.23–27)."],"from":23,"to":27,"sarga":4}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"1.004.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prāptarājyasya rāmasya vālmīkir bhagavān ṛṣiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"cakāra caritaṃ kṛtsnaṃ vicitrapadam ātmavān","q":null}],"tr":"When Rāma had won back his kingdom, the venerable seer Vālmīki, self-possessed, composed his entire story in wondrous verse.","w":[["prāptarājyasya","of him who had regained the kingdom","",[["prāpta","obtained, regained"],["rājya","kingdom"]]],["rāmasya","of Rāma"],["vālmīkir","Vālmīki","vālmīkiḥ"],["bhagavān","the venerable"],["ṛṣiḥ","seer"],["cakāra","made, composed"],["caritaṃ","the story, deeds"],["kṛtsnaṃ","entire, whole"],["vicitrapadam","of wondrous verse/words","",[["vicitra","wonderful, variegated"],["pada","word, metrical foot"]]],["ātmavān","self-possessed"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"1.004.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kṛtvā tu tan mahāprājñaḥ sabhaviṣyaṃ sahottaram","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"cintayām āsa ko nv etat prayuñjīyād iti prabhuḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Having composed it, with what was to come and the sequel included, the greatly wise lord reflected: “Who indeed might perform this?”","w":[["kṛtvā tu","having made"],["tan","that","tat"],["mahāprājñaḥ","the greatly wise","",[["mahā","great"],["prājña","wise"]]],["sabhaviṣyaṃ","together with what is to come","",[["sa","with"],["bhaviṣya","the future, what will be"]]],["sahottaram","together with the sequel","saha-uttaram",[["saha","with"],["uttara","later part, sequel"]]],["cintayām āsa","pondered, reflected"],["ko nv","who indeed","kaḥ nu"],["etat","this"],["prayuñjīyād","might perform, recite","prayuñjīyāt"],["iti","thus"],["prabhuḥ","the lord"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"1.004.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tasya cintayamānasya maharṣer bhāvitātmanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"agṛhṇītāṃ tataḥ pādau muniveṣau kuśīlavau","q":null}],"tr":"As that great sage of purified soul was pondering, Kuśa and Lava, in the garb of sages, then clasped his feet.","w":[["tasya cintayamānasya","of him as he pondered","tasya cintayamānasya (gen. abs.)"],["maharṣer","of the great sage","maharṣeḥ",[["mahā","great"],["ṛṣi","seer"]]],["bhāvitātmanaḥ","of purified soul","",[["bhāvita","cultivated, purified"],["ātman","soul"]]],["agṛhṇītāṃ","the two grasped"],["tataḥ","then"],["pādau","the two feet"],["muniveṣau","in the garb of sages","",[["muni","sage"],["veṣa","garb, dress"]]],["kuśīlavau","Kuśa and Lava"]]},{"v":4,"ref":"1.004.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kuśīlavau tu dharmajñau rājaputrau yaśasvinau","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bhrātarau svarasaṃpannau dadarśāśramavāsinau","q":null}],"tr":"He beheld Kuśa and Lava — knowers of dharma, illustrious princes, brothers gifted with fine voices, dwelling in the hermitage.","w":[["kuśīlavau tu","and Kuśa and Lava"],["dharmajñau","the two knowers of dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["jña","knower of"]]],["rājaputrau","the two princes","",[["rāja","king"],["putra","son"]]],["yaśasvinau","the two illustrious ones"],["bhrātarau","the two brothers"],["svarasaṃpannau","endowed with fine voice","",[["svara","voice, note"],["saṃpanna","endowed with"]]],["dadarśāśramavāsinau","he saw the two hermitage-dwellers","dadarśa āśramavāsinau",[["āśrama","hermitage"],["vāsin","dweller"]]]]},{"v":5,"ref":"1.004.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sa tu medhāvinau dṛṣṭvā vedeṣu pariniṣṭhitau","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vedopabṛhmaṇārthāya tāv agrāhayata prabhuḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Seeing the two intelligent ones fully grounded in the Vedas, the lord had them learn it, so as to amplify the Veda.","w":[["sa tu","and he"],["medhāvinau","the two intelligent ones"],["dṛṣṭvā","having seen"],["vedeṣu","in the Vedas"],["pariniṣṭhitau","the two well-grounded, accomplished"],["vedopabṛhmaṇārthāya","for the sake of amplifying the Veda","veda-upabṛṃhaṇa-arthāya",[["veda","Veda"],["upabṛṃhaṇa","amplifying, strengthening"],["artha","purpose"]]],["tāv","them two","tau"],["agrāhayata","caused to learn, grasp"],["prabhuḥ","the lord"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"1.004.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kāvyaṃ rāmāyaṇaṃ kṛtsnaṃ sītāyāś caritaṃ mahat","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"paulastya vadham ity eva cakāra caritavrataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"He of accomplished vows composed the entire poem, the Rāmāyaṇa — the great story of Sītā, also called “the Slaying of the Descendant of Pulastya (Rāvaṇa).”","w":[["kāvyaṃ","the poem"],["rāmāyaṇaṃ","the Rāmāyaṇa"],["kṛtsnaṃ","entire"],["sītāyāś","of Sītā","sītāyāḥ"],["caritaṃ","the story"],["mahat","great"],["paulastyavadham","‘the Slaying of the Paulastya (Rāvaṇa)’","",[["paulastya","descendant of Pulastya (Rāvaṇa)"],["vadha","slaying"]]],["ity eva","thus indeed","iti eva"],["cakāra","made, composed"],["caritavrataḥ","he of accomplished vows","",[["carita","performed, accomplished"],["vrata","vow"]]]]},{"v":7,"ref":"1.004.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"pāṭhye geye ca madhuraṃ pramāṇais tribhir anvitam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"jātibhiḥ saptabhir yuktaṃ tantrīlayasamanvitam","q":null}],"tr":"sweet whether recited or sung, furnished with the three tempos, joined with the seven melodic modes, and set to the rhythm of the lute;","w":[["pāṭhye","in recitation"],["geye ca","and in song"],["madhuraṃ","sweet"],["pramāṇais tribhir","with the three (metric) measures/tempos","pramāṇaiḥ tribhiḥ"],["anvitam","furnished with"],["jātibhiḥ saptabhir","with the seven melodic modes","jātibhiḥ saptabhiḥ"],["yuktaṃ","joined with"],["tantrīlayasamanvitam","accompanied by the rhythm of the lute","",[["tantrī","lute-string"],["laya","rhythm"],["samanvita","endowed with"]]]]},{"v":8,"ref":"1.004.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"hāsyaśṛṅgārakāruṇyaraudravīrabhayānakaiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bībhatsādirasair yuktaṃ kāvyam etad agāyatām","q":null}],"tr":"They sang this poem, endowed with the sentiments of the comic, the erotic, the compassionate, the furious, the heroic, the terrible, the loathsome, and the rest.","w":[["hāsyaśṛṅgārakāruṇyaraudravīrabhayānakaiḥ","with the comic, erotic, compassionate, furious, heroic and terrible (sentiments)","",[["hāsya","the comic"],["śṛṅgāra","the erotic"],["kāruṇya","the compassionate"],["raudra","the furious"],["vīra","the heroic"],["bhayānaka","the terrible"]]],["bībhatsādirasair","with the sentiments beginning with the loathsome","bībhatsādirasaiḥ",[["bībhatsa","the loathsome, disgust"],["ādi","beginning with, etc."],["rasa","aesthetic sentiment"]]],["yuktaṃ","joined with"],["kāvyam etad","this poem"],["agāyatām","the two sang"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"1.004.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tau tu gāndharvatattvajñau sthāna mūrcchana kovidau","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bhrātarau svarasaṃpannau gandharvāv iva rūpiṇau","q":null}],"tr":"And those two, knowers of the science of music, skilled in vocal registers and melodic modulation, brothers gifted with fine voices, were like gandharvas made visible.","w":[["tau tu","and those two"],["gāndharvatattvajñau","knowers of the truth of music","",[["gāndharva","music, the art of the gandharvas"],["tattva","truth, essence"],["jña","knower of"]]],["sthānamūrcchanakovidau","skilled in registers and melodic scales","",[["sthāna","vocal register, pitch-position"],["mūrcchana","modulation, melodic scale"],["kovida","skilled, expert"]]],["bhrātarau","the two brothers"],["svarasaṃpannau","endowed with fine voice","",[["svara","voice, note"],["saṃpanna","endowed with"]]],["gandharvāv iva","like two gandharvas","gandharvau iva"],["rūpiṇau","embodied, having form"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"1.004.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"rūpalakṣaṇasaṃpannau madhurasvarabhāṣiṇau","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bimbād ivoddhṛtau bimbau rāmadehāt tathāparau","q":null}],"tr":"endowed with beauty and (auspicious) marks, speaking with sweet voices, they were like two reflections lifted from a mirror-image — two others, as it were, from Rāma’s own body.","w":[["rūpalakṣaṇasaṃpannau","endowed with beauty and (auspicious) marks","",[["rūpa","beauty, form"],["lakṣaṇa","mark, sign"],["saṃpanna","endowed with"]]],["madhurasvarabhāṣiṇau","speaking with sweet voices","",[["madhura","sweet"],["svara","voice"],["bhāṣin","speaking"]]],["bimbād ivoddhṛtau","as if lifted from a reflected image","bimbāt iva uddhṛtau"],["bimbau","two images, reflections"],["rāmadehāt","from Rāma’s body","",[["rāma","Rāma"],["deha","body"]]],["tathāparau","and thus two others","tathā aparau"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"1.004.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tau rājaputrau kārtsnyena dharmyam ākhyānam uttamam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vāco vidheyaṃ tat sarvaṃ kṛtvā kāvyam aninditau","q":null}],"tr":"Those two blameless princes, having made that whole excellent, dharma-based narrative — the poem — wholly obedient to their voice,","w":[["tau rājaputrau","those two princes","",[["rāja","king"],["putra","son"]]],["kārtsnyena","in full, entirely"],["dharmyam","conforming to dharma, righteous"],["ākhyānam","the narrative"],["uttamam","excellent, highest"],["vāco vidheyaṃ","obedient to (their) voice","vācaḥ vidheyaṃ"],["tat sarvaṃ","all that"],["kṛtvā","having made"],["kāvyam","the poem"],["aninditau","the two blameless","",[["a-","not"],["nindita","blamed, censured"]]]]},{"v":12,"ref":"1.004.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ṛṣīṇāṃ ca dvijātīnāṃ sādhūnāṃ ca samāgame","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yathopadeśaṃ tattvajñau jagatus tau samāhitau","q":null},{"p":"e","t":"mahātmānau mahābhāgau sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau","q":null}],"tr":"in the assembly of seers, brahmins, and holy men, those two knowers of truth, composed, sang it as instructed — the two great-souled, greatly blessed ones, marked with every (auspicious) sign.","w":[["ṛṣīṇāṃ ca","of seers and"],["dvijātīnāṃ","of the twice-born (brahmins)","",[["dvi","twice"],["jāti","birth"]]],["sādhūnāṃ ca","and of holy men"],["samāgame","in the assembly, gathering"],["yathopadeśaṃ","according to instruction","yathā-upadeśaṃ",[["yathā","according to"],["upadeśa","instruction, teaching"]]],["tattvajñau","the two knowers of truth","",[["tattva","truth, essence"],["jña","knower"]]],["jagatus","the two sang","jagatuḥ"],["tau","the two"],["samāhitau","composed, concentrated"],["mahātmānau","the two great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["mahābhāgau","the two greatly blessed","",[["mahā","great"],["bhāga","fortune, portion"]]],["sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitau","marked with every (auspicious) sign","",[["sarva","all"],["lakṣaṇa","mark"],["lakṣita","marked, characterized"]]]]},{"v":13,"ref":"1.004.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tau kadā cit sametānām ṛṣīṇāṃ bhāvitātmanām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"āsīnānāṃ samīpasthāv idaṃ kāvyam agāyatām","q":null}],"tr":"Once, standing near the assembled seers of purified soul as they sat, the two sang this poem.","w":[["tau","the two"],["kadā cit","once, at one time"],["sametānām","of the assembled"],["ṛṣīṇāṃ","of the seers"],["bhāvitātmanām","of purified souls","",[["bhāvita","purified"],["ātman","soul"]]],["āsīnānāṃ","as they were seated"],["samīpasthāv","the two standing near","samīpasthau",[["samīpa","nearness, vicinity"],["stha","standing"]]],["idaṃ kāvyam","this poem"],["agāyatām","the two sang"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"1.004.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tac chrutvā munayaḥ sarve bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sādhu sādhv ity tāv ūcatuḥ paraṃ vismayam āgatāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Hearing it, all the sages, their eyes brimming with tears, said to the two, “Excellent! Excellent!”, filled with the utmost wonder.","w":[["tac chrutvā","having heard that","tat śrutvā"],["munayaḥ sarve","all the sages"],["bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇāḥ","their eyes troubled with tears","",[["bāṣpa","tears"],["paryākula","agitated, filled"],["īkṣaṇa","eye, glance"]]],["sādhu sādhv","‘well done, well done’","sādhu sādhu"],["ity","thus","iti"],["tāv","to those two","tau"],["ūcatuḥ","the two/(they) said"],["paraṃ vismayam","the utmost wonder"],["āgatāḥ","having come to, reached"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"1.004.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"te prītamanasaḥ sarve munayo dharmavatsalāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"praśaśaṃsuḥ praśastavyau gāyamānau kuśīlavau","q":null}],"tr":"All those sages, glad at heart and devoted to dharma, praised the praiseworthy Kuśa and Lava as they sang.","w":[["te prītamanasaḥ","they, glad at heart","",[["prīta","pleased"],["manas","mind"]]],["sarve","all"],["munayo","the sages","munayaḥ"],["dharmavatsalāḥ","devoted to dharma","",[["dharma","dharma"],["vatsala","fond of, devoted to"]]],["praśaśaṃsuḥ","praised"],["praśastavyau","the two worthy of praise"],["gāyamānau","(the two) singing"],["kuśīlavau","Kuśa and Lava"]]},{"v":16,"ref":"1.004.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"aho gītasya mādhuryaṃ ślokānāṃ ca viśeṣataḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ciranirvṛttam apy etat pratyakṣam iva darśitam","q":null}],"tr":"“Ah, the sweetness of the singing, and of the ślokas especially! Though it took place long ago, it has been shown as if before our very eyes.”","w":[["aho","ah! (exclamation)"],["gītasya","of the singing"],["mādhuryaṃ","the sweetness"],["ślokānāṃ ca","and of the ślokas"],["viśeṣataḥ","especially"],["ciranirvṛttam","occurred long ago","",[["cira","long (time)"],["nirvṛtta","come to pass, finished"]]],["apy etat","even this","api etat"],["pratyakṣam iva","as if directly before the eyes"],["darśitam","shown, made visible"]]},{"v":17,"ref":"1.004.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"praviśya tāv ubhau suṣṭhu tadā bhāvam agāyatām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sahitau madhuraṃ raktaṃ saṃpannaṃ svarasaṃpadā","q":null}],"tr":"Then the two, both entering fully into the feeling, sang together sweetly and with fervour, made perfect by the wealth of their voices.","w":[["praviśya","having entered (into)"],["tāv ubhau","those two both","tau ubhau"],["suṣṭhu","well, thoroughly"],["tadā","then"],["bhāvam","the feeling, mood"],["agāyatām","the two sang"],["sahitau","together"],["madhuraṃ","sweetly"],["raktaṃ","with fervour, impassioned (lit. coloured)"],["saṃpannaṃ","made perfect, complete"],["svarasaṃpadā","by the wealth of voice","",[["svara","voice"],["saṃpad","wealth, perfection"]]]]},{"v":18,"ref":"1.004.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"evaṃ praśasyamānau tau tapaḥślāghyair maharṣibhiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"saṃraktataram atyarthaṃ madhuraṃ tāv agāyatām","q":null}],"tr":"Thus praised by the great sages, worthy of honour for their austerities, the two sang yet more fervently and exceedingly sweetly.","w":[["evaṃ","thus"],["praśasyamānau","being praised (the two)"],["tau","the two"],["tapaḥślāghyair","by those praiseworthy for austerity","tapaḥślāghyaiḥ",[["tapas","austerity"],["ślāghya","praiseworthy"]]],["maharṣibhiḥ","by the great sages","",[["mahā","great"],["ṛṣi","seer"]]],["saṃraktataram","more fervently, more impassioned"],["atyarthaṃ","exceedingly"],["madhuraṃ","sweetly"],["tāv","the two","tau"],["agāyatām","sang"]]},{"v":19,"ref":"1.004.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"prītaḥ kaś cin munis tābhyāṃ saṃsthitaḥ kalaśaṃ dadau","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"prasanno valkalaṃ kaś cid dadau tābhyāṃ mahāyaśāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Some pleased sage present there gave the two a water-pot; some illustrious one, delighted, gave them a bark-garment.","w":[["prītaḥ","pleased"],["kaś cin","some (sage)","kaḥ cit"],["munis","sage","muniḥ"],["tābhyāṃ","to those two"],["saṃsthitaḥ","present, standing by"],["kalaśaṃ","a water-pot"],["dadau","gave"],["prasanno","delighted, gracious","prasannaḥ"],["valkalaṃ","a bark-garment"],["kaś cid","some one","kaḥ cit"],["dadau","gave"],["tābhyāṃ","to the two"],["mahāyaśāḥ","the greatly illustrious","",[["mahā","great"],["yaśas","fame"]]]]},{"v":20,"ref":"1.004.020","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"āścaryam idam ākhyānaṃ muninā saṃprakīrtitam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"paraṃ kavīnām ādhāraṃ samāptaṃ ca yathākramam","q":null}],"tr":"“Wonderful is this narrative proclaimed by the sage — the supreme foundation for poets, and completed in due order.”","w":[["āścaryam","wonderful, marvellous"],["idam ākhyānaṃ","this narrative"],["muninā","by the sage"],["saṃprakīrtitam","proclaimed, celebrated"],["paraṃ","supreme"],["kavīnām","of poets"],["ādhāraṃ","the foundation, support"],["samāptaṃ ca","and completed"],["yathākramam","in due order","",[["yathā","according to"],["krama","order, sequence"]]]]},{"v":21,"ref":"1.004.021","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"praśasyamānau sarvatra kadā cit tatra gāyakau","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rathyāsu rājamārgeṣu dadarśa bharatāgrajaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Praised everywhere, the two singers were once seen there — in the streets and on the royal highways — by the elder brother of Bharata (Rāma).","w":[["praśasyamānau","being praised (the two)"],["sarvatra","everywhere"],["kadā cit","once"],["tatra","there"],["gāyakau","the two singers"],["rathyāsu","in the streets"],["rājamārgeṣu","on the royal highways","",[["rāja","royal, king"],["mārga","road, way"]]],["dadarśa","saw"],["bharatāgrajaḥ","the elder brother of Bharata (Rāma)","",[["bharata","Bharata"],["agraja","elder-born, elder brother"]]]]},{"v":22,"ref":"1.004.022","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"svaveśma cānīya tato bhrātarau sakuśīlavau","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"pūjayām āsa pūjārhau rāmaḥ śatrunibarhaṇaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Then, bringing the two brothers, Kuśa and Lava, to his own dwelling, Rāma, destroyer of foes, honoured the two who were worthy of honour.","w":[["svaveśma","to his own dwelling","",[["sva","own"],["veśman","house, dwelling"]]],["cānīya","and having brought","ca ānīya"],["tato","then","tataḥ"],["bhrātarau","the two brothers"],["sakuśīlavau","(who were) Kuśa and Lava","",[["sa","with, namely"],["kuśīlava","Kuśa and Lava"]]],["pūjayām āsa","honoured, worshipped"],["pūjārhau","the two worthy of honour","",[["pūjā","honour, worship"],["arha","deserving"]]],["rāmaḥ","Rāma"],["śatrunibarhaṇaḥ","destroyer of foes","",[["śatru","enemy"],["nibarhaṇa","destroyer"]]]]},{"v":23,"ref":"1.004.023","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"āsīnaḥ kāñcane divye sa ca siṃhāsane prabhuḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"upopaviṣṭaiḥ sacivair bhrātṛbhiś ca paraṃtapaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"And that lord, scorcher of foes, was seated on a divine golden lion-throne, with his ministers and brothers seated close beside him.","w":[["āsīnaḥ","seated"],["kāñcane","golden"],["divye","divine"],["sa ca","and he"],["siṃhāsane","on the lion-throne","",[["siṃha","lion"],["āsana","seat, throne"]]],["prabhuḥ","the lord"],["upopaviṣṭaiḥ","with (those) seated close by"],["sacivair","with (his) ministers","sacivaiḥ"],["bhrātṛbhiś ca","and with (his) brothers","bhrātṛbhiḥ ca"],["paraṃtapaḥ","scorcher of foes","",[["param","enemy, other"],["tapa","scorching, tormenting"]]]]},{"v":24,"ref":"1.004.024","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dṛṣṭvā tu rūpasaṃpannau tāv ubhau vīṇinau tataḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"uvāca lakṣmaṇaṃ rāmaḥ śatrughnaṃ bharataṃ tathā","q":null}],"tr":"Then, seeing those two, both endowed with beauty and holding lutes, Rāma spoke to Lakṣmaṇa, and to Śatrughna and Bharata:","w":[["dṛṣṭvā tu","and having seen"],["rūpasaṃpannau","the two endowed with beauty","",[["rūpa","beauty, form"],["saṃpanna","endowed with"]]],["tāv ubhau","those two both","tau ubhau"],["vīṇinau","the two lute-players"],["tataḥ","then"],["uvāca","said"],["lakṣmaṇaṃ","to Lakṣmaṇa"],["rāmaḥ","Rāma"],["śatrughnaṃ","to Śatrughna"],["bharataṃ","to Bharata"],["tathā","likewise"]]},{"v":25,"ref":"1.004.025","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śrūyatām idam ākhyānam anayor devavarcasoḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vicitrārthapadaṃ samyag gāyator madhurasvaram","q":null}],"tr":"“Let this narrative be heard from these two of godlike splendour, as they duly sing it — with wondrous words and meaning, in a sweet voice.”","w":[["śrūyatām","let it be heard"],["idam ākhyānam","this narrative"],["anayor","of these two","anayoḥ"],["devavarcasoḥ","of godlike splendour (dual)","",[["deva","god"],["varcas","splendour, radiance"]]],["vicitrārthapadaṃ","with wondrous words and meaning","vicitra-artha-padaṃ",[["vicitra","wonderful, varied"],["artha","meaning"],["pada","word"]]],["samyag","duly, well","samyak"],["gāyator","of the two singing","gāyatoḥ"],["madhurasvaram","with sweet voice","",[["madhura","sweet"],["svara","voice"]]]]},{"v":26,"ref":"1.004.026","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"imau munī pārthivalakṣmaṇānvitau kuśīlavau caiva mahātapasvinau","q":["imau munī pārthivalakṣmaṇānvitau","kuśīlavau caiva mahātapasvinau"]},{"p":"c","t":"mamāpi tad bhūtikaraṃ pracakṣate mahānubhāvaṃ caritaṃ nibodhata","q":["mamāpi tad bhūtikaraṃ pracakṣate","mahānubhāvaṃ caritaṃ nibodhata"]}],"tr":"“These two sages, endowed with royal marks, Kuśa and Lava, great ascetics — they proclaim this to bring welfare even to me; hear this narrative of great import.”","w":[["imau munī","these two sages"],["pārthivalakṣmaṇānvitau","endowed with royal marks","",[["pārthiva","royal, kingly"],["lakṣaṇa","mark, sign"],["anvita","endowed with"]]],["kuśīlavau caiva","and indeed Kuśa and Lava","kuśīlavau ca eva"],["mahātapasvinau","the two great ascetics","",[["mahā","great"],["tapasvin","ascetic"]]],["mamāpi","even for me","mama api"],["tad","that","tat"],["bhūtikaraṃ","bringing welfare, prosperity","",[["bhūti","welfare, prosperity"],["kara","making, causing"]]],["pracakṣate","they proclaim, declare"],["mahānubhāvaṃ","of great dignity/import","",[["mahā","great"],["anubhāva","dignity, power"]]],["caritaṃ","the story"],["nibodhata","hear, learn (you all)"]]},{"v":27,"ref":"1.004.027","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tatas tu tau rāmavacaḥ pracoditāv agāyatāṃ mārgavidhānasaṃpadā","q":["tatas tu tau rāmavacaḥ pracoditāv","agāyatāṃ mārgavidhānasaṃpadā"]},{"p":"c","t":"sa cāpi rāmaḥ pariṣadgataḥ śanair bubhūṣayāsaktamanā babhūva","q":["sa cāpi rāmaḥ pariṣadgataḥ śanair","bubhūṣayāsaktamanā babhūva"]}],"tr":"Then those two, urged on by Rāma’s words, sang with the full perfection of the classical (mārga) technique; and Rāma too, seated in the assembly, gradually became engrossed in mind, eager to listen.","w":[["tatas tu","and then","tataḥ tu"],["tau","the two"],["rāmavacaḥ","by Rāma’s words","",[["rāma","Rāma"],["vacas","word, speech"]]],["pracoditāv","urged on (the two)","pracoditau"],["agāyatāṃ","the two sang"],["mārgavidhānasaṃpadā","with the perfection of the classical method","",[["mārga","the classical (mārga) style"],["vidhāna","method, arrangement"],["saṃpad","perfection, wealth"]]],["sa cāpi rāmaḥ","and Rāma too","sa ca api rāmaḥ"],["pariṣadgataḥ","present in the assembly","",[["pariṣad","assembly, gathering"],["gata","gone to, present in"]]],["śanair","gradually, gently","śanaiḥ"],["bubhūṣayāsaktamanā","his mind engrossed out of eagerness (to hear)","bubhūṣayā āsaktamanāḥ",[["bubhūṣā","desire (to be attentive)"],["āsakta","attached, engrossed"],["manas","mind"]]],["babhūva","became"]]}]}