{"kanda":1,"kandaName":"Bāla Kāṇḍa","sarga":34,"title":"Story of Gaṅgā & Umā: Himavat’s two daughters","sentence":"Himavat gives Gaṅgā to the Devas for the worlds’ welfare, while Umā undertakes austerity and marries Śiva","portion":"Story of Gaṅgā & Umā","sequence":[[{"steps":["At dawn Viśvāmitra wakes Rāma, and the company prepares to travel after the morning rites (34.1–3)"],"from":1,"to":3,"sarga":34},{"steps":["Rāma asks which route they should use to cross the fordable Śoṇā","Viśvāmitra points out the maharṣis' path (34.4–5)"],"from":4,"to":5,"sarga":34},{"steps":["after traveling until midday, they reach the Gaṅgā and camp beside its holy waters (34.6–7)"],"from":6,"to":7,"sarga":34},{"steps":["they bathe, perform tarpaṇa for the pitṛs and devatās, offer agnihotra oblations and eat the havis (sacrificial food), and sit around their teacher (34.8–9)"],"from":8,"to":9,"sarga":34},{"steps":["Rāma asks how Gaṅgā came to travel through the three worlds (34.10–11). Viśvāmitra explains that Himavat and Menā, daughter of Meru, had two daughters: Gaṅgā the elder and Umā the younger (34.12–14)"],"from":10,"to":14,"sarga":34},{"steps":["the Suras asked Himavat for Gaṅgā to serve the welfare of the three worlds","he gave her willingly, and they took her to heaven (34.15–17)"],"from":15,"to":17,"sarga":34},{"steps":["Umā undertook severe austerities and was given in marriage to Rudra","Viśvāmitra concludes this first account of the sisters and Gaṅgā's heavenly departure (34.18–21)."],"from":18,"to":21,"sarga":34}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"1.034.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"upāsya rātriśeṣaṃ tu śoṇākūle maharṣibhiḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"niśāyāṃ suprabhātāyāṃ viśvāmitro 'bhyabhāṣata","q":null}],"tr":"Having spent the remainder of the night with the great seers on the bank of the Śoṇā, when the night had brightened well into dawn, Viśvāmitra spoke:","w":[["upāsya","having spent, passed"],["rātriśeṣaṃ","the remainder of the night","",[["rātri","night"],["śeṣa","remainder"]]],["tu","and"],["śoṇākūle","on the bank of the Śoṇā","śoṇā-kūle",[["śoṇā","the Śoṇā river"],["kūla","bank"]]],["maharṣibhiḥ","with the great seers","",[["mahā","great"],["ṛṣi","seer"]]],["niśāyāṃ","the night (loc.)"],["suprabhātāyāṃ","when it had well dawned (loc. abs.)","",[["su","well"],["prabhāta","dawned, brightened"]]],["viśvāmitro","Viśvāmitra","viśvāmitraḥ"],["'bhyabhāṣata","spoke","abhyabhāṣata"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"1.034.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"suprabhātā niśā rāma pūrvā saṃdhyā pravartate","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"uttiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhadraṃ te gamanāyābhirocaya","q":null}],"tr":"“The night has well dawned, Rāma; the eastern twilight is coming on. Arise, arise — blessings on you — make ready to set out.”","w":[["suprabhātā","well dawned, fully bright","",[["su","well"],["prabhāta","dawned"]]],["niśā","the night"],["rāma","O Rāma"],["pūrvā","eastern, early"],["saṃdhyā","twilight"],["pravartate","comes on, sets in"],["uttiṣṭhottiṣṭha","arise, arise","uttiṣṭha uttiṣṭha"],["bhadraṃ","a blessing"],["te","to you"],["gamanāyābhirocaya","make ready for departure","gamanāya abhirocaya"]]},{"v":3,"ref":"1.034.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tac chrutvā vacanaṃ tasya kṛtvā paurvāhṇikīṃ kriyām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"gamanaṃ rocayām āsa vākyaṃ cedam uvāca ha","q":null}],"tr":"Hearing those words of his, and having performed the morning rite, he made ready to depart and spoke these words:","w":[["tac","that","tat"],["chrutvā","having heard","śrutvā"],["vacanaṃ","words"],["tasya","his"],["kṛtvā","having performed"],["paurvāhṇikīṃ","of the morning, matutinal","",[["paurvāhṇika","of the forenoon, morning"]]],["kriyām","rite, act"],["gamanaṃ","departure"],["rocayām āsa","made ready for, resolved on"],["vākyaṃ","words"],["cedam","and this","ca idam"],["uvāca","spoke"],["ha","indeed"]]},{"v":4,"ref":"1.034.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ayaṃ śoṇaḥ śubhajalo gādhaḥ pulinamaṇḍitaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"katareṇa pathā brahman saṃtariṣyāmahe vayam","q":null}],"tr":"“Here is the Śoṇā, of fair waters, fordable, graced with sandbanks; by which of the two paths, O brahmin, shall we cross over?”","w":[["ayaṃ","this, here"],["śoṇaḥ","the Śoṇā"],["śubhajalo","of fair waters","śubhajalaḥ",[["śubha","fair, auspicious"],["jala","water"]]],["gādhaḥ","fordable, shallow"],["pulinamaṇḍitaḥ","graced with sandbanks","",[["pulina","sandbank"],["maṇḍita","adorned"]]],["katareṇa","by which (of two)"],["pathā","by the path"],["brahman","O brahmin"],["saṃtariṣyāmahe","shall we cross over"],["vayam","we"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"1.034.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"evam uktas tu rāmeṇa viśvāmitro 'bravīd idam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"eṣa panthā mayoddiṣṭo yena yānti maharṣayaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Addressed thus by Rāma, Viśvāmitra said this: “This is the path pointed out by me, by which the great seers go.”","w":[["evam uktas","addressed thus","evam uktaḥ"],["tu","and"],["rāmeṇa","by Rāma"],["viśvāmitro","Viśvāmitra","viśvāmitraḥ"],["'bravīd","said","abravīt"],["idam","this"],["eṣa","this","eṣaḥ"],["panthā","path","panthāḥ"],["mayoddiṣṭo","pointed out by me","mayā uddiṣṭaḥ"],["yena","by which"],["yānti","go, travel"],["maharṣayaḥ","the great seers","",[["mahā","great"],["ṛṣi","seer"]]]]},{"v":6,"ref":"1.034.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"te gatvā dūram adhvānaṃ gate 'rdhadivase tadā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"jāhnavīṃ saritāṃ śreṣṭhāṃ dadṛśur munisevitām","q":null}],"tr":"Having gone a long way, when half the day had passed, they then beheld the Jāhnavī, best of rivers, frequented by sages.","w":[["te","they"],["gatvā","having gone"],["dūram","far, a long (way)"],["adhvānaṃ","road, way"],["gate 'rdhadivase","when half the day had passed","gate ardhadivase (loc. abs.)",[["ardha","half"],["divasa","day"]]],["tadā","then"],["jāhnavīṃ","the Jāhnavī (Gaṅgā)"],["saritāṃ","of rivers"],["śreṣṭhāṃ","the best"],["dadṛśur","they beheld, saw","dadṛśuḥ"],["munisevitām","frequented by sages","",[["muni","sage"],["sevita","frequented, served"]]]]},{"v":7,"ref":"1.034.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tāṃ dṛṣṭvā puṇyasalilāṃ haṃsasārasasevitām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"babhūvur muditāḥ sarve munayaḥ saharāghavāḥ","q":null},{"p":"e","t":"tasyās tīre tataś cakrus te āvāsaparigraham","q":null}],"tr":"Seeing that river of holy waters, frequented by swans and cranes, all the sages together with the Rāghavas became glad; and there upon its bank they made their encampment.","w":[["tāṃ","that"],["dṛṣṭvā","having seen"],["puṇyasalilāṃ","of holy waters","",[["puṇya","holy"],["salila","water"]]],["haṃsasārasasevitām","frequented by swans and cranes","",[["haṃsa","swan, goose"],["sārasa","crane"],["sevita","frequented, resorted to"]]],["babhūvur","became","babhūvuḥ"],["muditāḥ","glad, delighted"],["sarve","all"],["munayaḥ","the sages"],["saharāghavāḥ","together with the Rāghavas","saha-rāghavāḥ",[["saha","with"],["rāghava","Rāghava"]]],["tasyās","its","tasyāḥ"],["tīre","on the bank"],["tataś","then","tataḥ"],["cakrus","they made","cakruḥ"],["te","they"],["āvāsaparigraham","the taking-up of a dwelling, encampment","",[["āvāsa","dwelling, abode"],["parigraha","taking, occupying"]]]]},{"v":8,"ref":"1.034.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tataḥ snātvā yathānyāyaṃ saṃtarpya pitṛdevatāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"hutvā caivāgnihotrāṇi prāśya cāmṛtavad dhaviḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Then, having bathed according to rule, gratified the ancestors and the gods, offered the fire-oblations, and partaken of the oblation-food that was like nectar,","w":[["tataḥ","then"],["snātvā","having bathed"],["yathānyāyaṃ","according to rule","yathā-nyāyaṃ",[["yathā","according to"],["nyāya","rule, method"]]],["saṃtarpya","having gratified, satisfied"],["pitṛdevatāḥ","the ancestors and the deities","",[["pitṛ","ancestor, father"],["devatā","deity"]]],["hutvā","having offered (in fire)"],["caivāgnihotrāṇi","and the fire-oblations","ca eva agnihotrāṇi",[["agni","fire"],["hotra","oblation"]]],["prāśya","having partaken of, eaten"],["cāmṛtavad","and like nectar","ca amṛtavat",[["amṛta","nectar, ambrosia"],["-vat","like"]]],["dhaviḥ","the oblation, sacrificial food","haviḥ"]]},{"v":9,"ref":"1.034.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"viviśur jāhnavītīre śucau muditamānasāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"viśvāmitraṃ mahātmānaṃ parivārya samantataḥ","q":null}],"tr":"they settled on the pure bank of the Jāhnavī with glad hearts, surrounding the great-souled Viśvāmitra on every side.","w":[["viviśur","they settled, took their places","viviśuḥ"],["jāhnavītīre","on the bank of the Jāhnavī","",[["jāhnavī","Jāhnavī, the Gaṅgā"],["tīra","bank"]]],["śucau","pure (loc.)"],["muditamānasāḥ","with glad hearts","",[["mudita","glad, delighted"],["mānasa","mind, heart"]]],["viśvāmitraṃ","Viśvāmitra"],["mahātmānaṃ","the great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["parivārya","having surrounded"],["samantataḥ","on all sides"]]},{"v":10,"ref":"1.034.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"saṃprahṛṣṭamanā rāmo viśvāmitram athābravīt","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bhagavañ śrotum icchāmi gaṅgāṃ tripathagāṃ nadīm","q":null},{"p":"e","t":"trailokyaṃ katham ākramya gatā nadanadīpatim","q":null}],"tr":"With a delighted heart Rāma then said to Viśvāmitra: “Venerable one, I wish to hear of the river Gaṅgā, who goes by three paths — how, traversing the three worlds, she reached the lord of streams and rivers.","w":[["saṃprahṛṣṭamanā","with a delighted heart","saṃprahṛṣṭamanāḥ",[["saṃprahṛṣṭa","greatly delighted"],["manas","mind, heart"]]],["rāmo","Rāma","rāmaḥ"],["viśvāmitram","to Viśvāmitra"],["athābravīt","then said","atha abravīt"],["bhagavañ","O venerable one","bhagavan"],["śrotum","to hear"],["icchāmi","I wish"],["gaṅgāṃ","Gaṅgā"],["tripathagāṃ","going by three paths","",[["tri","three"],["patha","path"],["ga","going"]]],["nadīm","the river"],["trailokyaṃ","the three worlds","",[["tri","three"],["loka","world"]]],["katham","how"],["ākramya","having traversed, strode over"],["gatā","went, reached"],["nadanadīpatim","the lord of streams and rivers (the ocean)","nada-nadī-patim",[["nada","stream, river (masc.)"],["nadī","river (fem.)"],["pati","lord"]]]]},{"v":11,"ref":"1.034.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"codito rāma vākyena viśvāmitro mahāmuniḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"vṛddhiṃ janma ca gaṅgāyā vaktum evopacakrame","q":null}],"tr":"Urged by Rāma's words, the great sage Viśvāmitra began to tell the birth and growth of Gaṅgā:","w":[["codito","urged, prompted","coditaḥ"],["rāma","of Rāma"],["vākyena","by the words"],["viśvāmitro","Viśvāmitra","viśvāmitraḥ"],["mahāmuniḥ","the great sage","",[["mahā","great"],["muni","sage"]]],["vṛddhiṃ","the growth, increase"],["janma","the birth"],["ca","and"],["gaṅgāyā","of Gaṅgā","gaṅgāyāḥ"],["vaktum","to tell"],["evopacakrame","then began","eva upacakrame"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"1.034.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śailendro himavān nāma dhātūnām ākaro mahān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"tasya kanyā dvayaṃ rāma rūpeṇāpratimaṃ bhuvi","q":null}],"tr":"There is a lord of mountains named Himavat, a great mine of minerals; he has two daughters, Rāma, unmatched in beauty on earth.","w":[["śailendro","the lord of mountains","śaila-indraḥ",[["śaila","mountain"],["indra","lord, chief"]]],["himavān","Himavat, the Himālaya","",[["hima","snow"],["-vat","possessing"]]],["nāma","by name"],["dhātūnām","of minerals, metals"],["ākaro","a mine, source","ākaraḥ"],["mahān","great"],["tasya","his"],["kanyā","daughters"],["dvayaṃ","a pair, two"],["rāma","O Rāma"],["rūpeṇāpratimaṃ","unmatched in beauty","rūpeṇa apratimaṃ"],["bhuvi","on earth"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"1.034.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yā meruduhitā rāma tayor mātā sumadhyamā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nāmnā menā manojñā vai patnī himavataḥ priyā","q":null}],"tr":"Their mother, Rāma, slender-waisted, was the daughter of Meru — Menā by name, charming, the beloved wife of Himavat.","w":[["yā","who"],["meruduhitā","the daughter of Meru","",[["meru","Meru (the mountain)"],["duhitṛ","daughter"]]],["rāma","O Rāma"],["tayor","of the two, their","tayoḥ"],["mātā","mother"],["sumadhyamā","slender-waisted, fair-waisted","",[["su","fair, well"],["madhyama","waist, middle"]]],["nāmnā","by name"],["menā","Menā"],["manojñā","charming, pleasing to the mind","",[["manas","mind"],["jña","knowing, pleasing"]]],["vai","indeed"],["patnī","wife"],["himavataḥ","of Himavat"],["priyā","beloved, dear"]]},{"v":14,"ref":"1.034.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tasyāṃ gaṅgeyam abhavaj jyeṣṭhā himavataḥ sutā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"umā nāma dvitīyābhūt kanyā tasyaiva rāghava","q":null}],"tr":"Of her this Gaṅgā was born, the elder daughter of Himavat; and Umā by name was his second daughter, O Rāghava.","w":[["tasyāṃ","of her, in her"],["gaṅgeyam","this Gaṅgā","gaṅgā iyam"],["abhavaj","was born, came to be","abhavat"],["jyeṣṭhā","eldest, elder"],["himavataḥ","of Himavat"],["sutā","daughter"],["umā","Umā"],["nāma","by name"],["dvitīyābhūt","was the second","dvitīyā abhūt"],["kanyā","daughter"],["tasyaiva","his very","tasya eva"],["rāghava","O Rāghava"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"1.034.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"atha jyeṣṭhāṃ surāḥ sarve devatārthacikīrṣayā","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śailendraṃ varayām āsur gaṅgāṃ tripathagāṃ nadīm","q":null}],"tr":"Then all the gods, wishing to accomplish the purpose of the gods, entreated the lord of mountains for the elder daughter, Gaṅgā, the river that goes by three paths.","w":[["atha","then"],["jyeṣṭhāṃ","the elder"],["surāḥ","the gods"],["sarve","all"],["devatārthacikīrṣayā","out of a wish to accomplish the gods' purpose","devatā-artha-cikīrṣayā",[["devatā","deity"],["artha","purpose"],["cikīrṣā","desire to do"]]],["śailendraṃ","the lord of mountains","śaila-indraṃ",[["śaila","mountain"],["indra","lord"]]],["varayām āsur","they entreated, asked for (in marriage)","varayām āsuḥ"],["gaṅgāṃ","Gaṅgā"],["tripathagāṃ","going by three paths","",[["tri","three"],["patha","path"],["ga","going"]]],["nadīm","the river"]]},{"v":16,"ref":"1.034.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dadau dharmeṇa himavāṃs tanayāṃ lokapāvanīm","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"svacchandapathagāṃ gaṅgāṃ trailokyahitakāmyayā","q":null}],"tr":"In accordance with dharma Himavat gave his daughter Gaṅgā, purifier of the world, who goes wherever she pleases, out of a wish for the welfare of the three worlds.","w":[["dadau","gave"],["dharmeṇa","in accordance with dharma"],["himavāṃs","Himavat","himavān"],["tanayāṃ","daughter"],["lokapāvanīm","purifier of the world","",[["loka","world"],["pāvanī","purifying"]]],["svacchandapathagāṃ","going by her own free path","sva-cchanda-pathagāṃ",[["sva","own"],["chanda","will, pleasure"],["patha","path"],["ga","going"]]],["gaṅgāṃ","Gaṅgā"],["trailokyahitakāmyayā","out of a wish for the welfare of the three worlds","",[["trailokya","the three worlds"],["hita","welfare"],["kāmyā","desire, wish"]]]]},{"v":17,"ref":"1.034.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"pratigṛhya trilokārthaṃ trilokahitakāriṇaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"gaṅgām ādāya te 'gacchan kṛtārthenāntarātmanā","q":null}],"tr":"Accepting her for the sake of the three worlds, those doers of good to the three worlds took Gaṅgā and departed, their purpose achieved in their hearts.","w":[["pratigṛhya","having accepted, received"],["trilokārthaṃ","for the sake of the three worlds","triloka-arthaṃ",[["triloka","the three worlds"],["artha","purpose, sake"]]],["trilokahitakāriṇaḥ","doers of good to the three worlds","",[["triloka","the three worlds"],["hita","welfare, good"],["kārin","doing, making"]]],["gaṅgām","Gaṅgā"],["ādāya","having taken"],["te","they"],["'gacchan","went, departed","agacchan"],["kṛtārthenāntarātmanā","with a heart whose purpose was accomplished","kṛtārthena antarātmanā",[["kṛtārtha","having one's purpose fulfilled"],["antarātman","inner self, heart"]]]]},{"v":18,"ref":"1.034.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yā cānyā śailaduhitā kanyāsīd raghunandana","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ugraṃ sā vratam āsthāya tapas tepe tapodhanā","q":null}],"tr":"And the other daughter of the mountain, O delight of the Raghus — she, undertaking a severe vow, performed austerity, rich in penance.","w":[["yā","who"],["cānyā","and the other","ca anyā"],["śailaduhitā","daughter of the mountain","",[["śaila","mountain"],["duhitṛ","daughter"]]],["kanyāsīd","was a maiden","kanyā āsīt"],["raghunandana","O delight of the Raghus","",[["raghu","Raghu"],["nandana","delight"]]],["ugraṃ","severe, fierce"],["sā","she"],["vratam","a vow"],["āsthāya","having undertaken"],["tapas","austerity, penance"],["tepe","performed (austerity)"],["tapodhanā","rich in penance, whose wealth is austerity","",[["tapas","austerity"],["dhana","wealth"]]]]},{"v":19,"ref":"1.034.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ugreṇa tapasā yuktāṃ dadau śailavaraḥ sutām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"rudrāyāpratirūpāya umāṃ lokanamaskṛtām","q":null}],"tr":"The best of mountains gave his daughter Umā, endowed with fierce austerity and honoured by the world, to the peerless Rudra.","w":[["ugreṇa","with fierce"],["tapasā","austerity"],["yuktāṃ","endowed, joined"],["dadau","gave"],["śailavaraḥ","the best of mountains","",[["śaila","mountain"],["vara","best"]]],["sutām","daughter"],["rudrāyāpratirūpāya","to the peerless Rudra","rudrāya apratirūpāya",[["rudra","Rudra"],["apratirūpa","matchless, peerless"]]],["umāṃ","Umā"],["lokanamaskṛtām","honoured by the world","",[["loka","world"],["namaskṛta","saluted, honoured"]]]]},{"v":20,"ref":"1.034.020","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ete te śaila rājasya sute lokanamaskṛte","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"gaṅgā ca saritāṃ śreṣṭhā umā devī ca rāghava","q":null}],"tr":"These, as I have told you, are the two daughters of the mountain-king, honoured by the world: Gaṅgā, best of rivers, and the goddess Umā, O Rāghava.","w":[["ete","these"],["te","to you"],["śaila rājasya","of the mountain-king","śailarājasya",[["śaila","mountain"],["rāja","king"]]],["sute","the two daughters (dual)"],["lokanamaskṛte","honoured by the world (dual)","",[["loka","world"],["namaskṛta","honoured"]]],["gaṅgā","Gaṅgā"],["ca","and"],["saritāṃ","of rivers"],["śreṣṭhā","the best"],["umā","Umā"],["devī","the goddess"],["ca","and"],["rāghava","O Rāghava"]]},{"v":21,"ref":"1.034.021","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"etat te dharmam ākhyātaṃ yathā tripathagā nadī","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"khaṃ gatā prathamaṃ tāta gatiṃ gatimatāṃ vara","q":null}],"tr":"This sacred account has been told to you: how the three-pathed river first went to the sky, my dear — she who is the recourse of all that moves — O best of men.","w":[["etat","this"],["te","to you"],["dharmam","sacred account, (in accord with) dharma"],["ākhyātaṃ","declared, told"],["yathā","how"],["tripathagā","going by three paths","",[["tri","three"],["patha","path"],["ga","going"]]],["nadī","the river"],["khaṃ","the sky, heaven"],["gatā","went"],["prathamaṃ","first"],["tāta","my dear, my child"],["gatiṃ","the way, recourse, goal"],["gatimatāṃ","of those that move, of living things","",[["gati","motion, going"],["-mat","possessing"]]],["vara","O best (one)"]]}]}