{"kanda":1,"kandaName":"Bāla Kāṇḍa","sarga":16,"title":"The Devas beget Rāma’s future allies","sentence":"Brahmā directs the Devas to beget powerful helpers, their monkey-shaped sons inherit divine qualities and gather around Vālin & Sugrīva","portion":"Birth of the princes and their allies","sequence":[[{"steps":["With Viṣṇu's human birth arranged, Brahmā orders the devatās to create powerful helpers: shape-changing, swift, intelligent warriors skilled in strategy and weapons (16.1–4)"],"from":1,"to":4,"sarga":16},{"steps":["he directs them to beget vānara-shaped sons through apsarases, gandharvīs, daughters of yakṣas and pannagas, and ṛkṣa, vidyādharī, kiṃnarī and vānarī females (16.5–6)"],"from":5,"to":6,"sarga":16},{"steps":["the Devas obey, joined by ṛṣis, siddhas, vidyādharas, uragas and cāraṇas (16.7–8)"],"from":7,"to":8,"sarga":16},{"steps":["thousands of mighty bears, monkeys, and langurs are born for Rāvaṇa's destruction, each inheriting the qualities of his divine parent (16.9–12)"],"from":9,"to":12,"sarga":16},{"steps":["they fight with rocks, trees, claws, and teeth and possess the strength to shake mountains, churn the sea, tear the earth, leap the ocean, and seize clouds (16.13–16)"],"from":13,"to":16,"sarga":16},{"steps":["their leaders multiply, settle on Ṛkṣavat and other mountains and in forests, and gather around Sugrīva, son of the Sun, and Vālin, son of Indra","the earth fills with these future allies of Rāma (16.17–20)."],"from":17,"to":20,"sarga":16}]],"verses":[{"v":1,"ref":"1.016.001","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"putratvaṃ tu gate viṣṇau rājñas tasya mahātmanaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"uvāca devatāḥ sarvāḥ svayambhūr bhagavān idam","q":null}],"tr":"Now when Viṣṇu had gone to sonship of that great-souled king, the venerable Self-existent (Brahmā) spoke this to all the deities:","w":[["putratvaṃ","sonship, the state of being a son","",[["putra","son"],["-tva","the state of"]]],["tu","now, and"],["gate","having gone (loc. abs.)"],["viṣṇau","when Viṣṇu (loc. abs.)"],["rājñas","of the king","rājñaḥ"],["tasya","that"],["mahātmanaḥ","great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["uvāca","said"],["devatāḥ","to the deities"],["sarvāḥ","all"],["svayambhūr","the Self-existent (Brahmā)","svayambhūḥ",[["svayam","self"],["bhū","being, existing"]]],["bhagavān","the venerable one"],["idam","this"]]},{"v":2,"ref":"1.016.002","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"satyasaṃdhasya vīrasya sarveṣāṃ no hitaiṣiṇaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"viṣṇoḥ sahāyān balinaḥ sṛjadhvaṃ kāmarūpiṇaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"“For Viṣṇu — true to his word, heroic, wisher of good to us all — create mighty helpers who can take any form at will:","w":[["satyasaṃdhasya","of him true to his word","",[["satya","truth"],["saṃdhā","promise, pledge"]]],["vīrasya","of the hero"],["sarveṣāṃ","of all"],["no","to us","naḥ"],["hitaiṣiṇaḥ","of the well-wisher","",[["hita","good, welfare"],["eṣin","seeking, wishing"]]],["viṣṇoḥ","of Viṣṇu"],["sahāyān","helpers, companions"],["balinaḥ","mighty, strong"],["sṛjadhvaṃ","create, beget"],["kāmarūpiṇaḥ","able to take any form at will","",[["kāma","will, desire"],["rūpin","having form"]]]]},{"v":3,"ref":"1.016.003","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"māyāvidaś ca śūrāṃś ca vāyuvegasamāñjave","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nayajñān buddhisaṃpannān viṣṇutulyaparākramān","q":null}],"tr":"knowers of magic and heroic, equal to the wind in swiftness, versed in policy, endowed with intelligence, of prowess equal to Viṣṇu,","w":[["māyāvidaś","knowers of magic","māyāvidaḥ",[["māyā","magic, illusion"],["vid","knower"]]],["ca","and"],["śūrāṃś","heroic","śūrān"],["ca","and"],["vāyuvegasamāñjave","equal to the wind's speed in swiftness","vāyuvegasamān jave",[["vāyu","wind"],["vega","speed"],["sama","equal"],["java","swiftness"]]],["nayajñān","versed in policy","",[["naya","policy, guidance"],["jña","knower"]]],["buddhisaṃpannān","endowed with intelligence","",[["buddhi","intelligence"],["saṃpanna","endowed with"]]],["viṣṇutulyaparākramān","of prowess equal to Viṣṇu","",[["viṣṇu","Viṣṇu"],["tulya","equal"],["parākrama","prowess"]]]]},{"v":4,"ref":"1.016.004","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"asaṃhāryān upāyajñān divyasaṃhananānvitān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sarvāstraguṇasaṃpannān amṛtaprāśanān iva","q":null}],"tr":"irresistible, knowing every expedient, endowed with divine bodily frames, furnished with all the excellences of weaponry, like the nectar-eating (gods) themselves.","w":[["asaṃhāryān","irresistible, not to be swept away","",[["a-","not"],["saṃhārya","to be carried off"]]],["upāyajñān","knowing expedients","",[["upāya","means, expedient"],["jña","knower"]]],["divyasaṃhananānvitān","endowed with divine frames","",[["divya","divine"],["saṃhanana","bodily frame, build"],["anvita","endowed with"]]],["sarvāstraguṇasaṃpannān","furnished with all excellences of weapons","",[["sarva","all"],["astra","weapon"],["guṇa","excellence, quality"],["saṃpanna","endowed with"]]],["amṛtaprāśanān","the nectar-eaters (the gods)","",[["amṛta","nectar, ambrosia"],["prāśana","eating"]]],["iva","like, as"]]},{"v":5,"ref":"1.016.005","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"apsaraḥsu ca mukhyāsu gandharvīṇāṃ tanūṣu ca","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"yakṣapannagakanyāsu ṛṣkavidyādharīṣu ca","q":null}],"tr":"Upon the chief apsarases and upon the bodies of gandharva-women, upon the daughters of yakṣas and serpents, and upon female bears and vidyādhara-women,","w":[["apsaraḥsu","upon the apsarases"],["ca","and"],["mukhyāsu","the chief, foremost"],["gandharvīṇāṃ","of the gandharva-women"],["tanūṣu","upon the bodies"],["ca","and"],["yakṣapannagakanyāsu","upon the daughters of yakṣas and serpents","",[["yakṣa","yakṣa"],["pannaga","serpent"],["kanyā","maiden, daughter"]]],["ṛṣkavidyādharīṣu","upon female bears and vidyādhara-women","ṛkṣavidyādharīṣu",[["ṛkṣa","bear"],["vidyādharī","vidyādhara-woman"]]],["ca","and"]]},{"v":6,"ref":"1.016.006","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"kiṃnarīṇāṃ ca gātreṣu vānarīṇāṃ tanūṣu ca","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"sṛjadhvaṃ harirūpeṇa putrāṃs tulyaparākramān","q":null}],"tr":"and upon the limbs of kinnara-women and the bodies of she-monkeys — beget, in the form of monkeys, sons of matching prowess.”","w":[["kiṃnarīṇāṃ","of the kinnara-women"],["ca","and"],["gātreṣu","upon the limbs"],["vānarīṇāṃ","of the she-monkeys"],["tanūṣu","upon the bodies"],["ca","and"],["sṛjadhvaṃ","beget, create"],["harirūpeṇa","in the form of monkeys","",[["hari","monkey, tawny one"],["rūpa","form"]]],["putrāṃs","sons","putrān"],["tulyaparākramān","of matching prowess","",[["tulya","equal, matching"],["parākrama","prowess"]]]]},{"v":7,"ref":"1.016.007","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"te tathoktā bhagavatā tat pratiśrutya śāsanam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"janayām āsur evaṃ te putrān vānararūpiṇaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"They, thus addressed by the venerable one, having assented to that command, accordingly begot sons in the form of monkeys.","w":[["te","they"],["tathoktā","thus addressed","tathā uktāḥ"],["bhagavatā","by the venerable one"],["tat","that"],["pratiśrutya","having assented to, promised"],["śāsanam","command"],["janayām āsur","begot","janayām āsuḥ"],["evaṃ","thus, accordingly"],["te","they"],["putrān","sons"],["vānararūpiṇaḥ","in the form of monkeys","",[["vānara","monkey"],["rūpin","having form"]]]]},{"v":8,"ref":"1.016.008","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"ṛṣayaś ca mahātmānaḥ siddhavidyādharoragāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"cāraṇāś ca sutān vīrān sasṛjur vanacāriṇaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"And the great-souled seers, the siddhas, vidyādharas and serpents, and the cāraṇas begot heroic sons who ranged the forests.","w":[["ṛṣayaś","the seers","ṛṣayaḥ"],["ca","and"],["mahātmānaḥ","great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["siddhavidyādharoragāḥ","the siddhas, vidyādharas and serpents","",[["siddha","siddha (perfected being)"],["vidyādhara","vidyādhara"],["uraga","serpent"]]],["cāraṇāś","the cāraṇas (celestial bards)","cāraṇāḥ"],["ca","and"],["sutān","sons"],["vīrān","heroic"],["sasṛjur","begot, created","sasṛjuḥ"],["vanacāriṇaḥ","ranging the forests","",[["vana","forest"],["cārin","roaming, ranging"]]]]},{"v":9,"ref":"1.016.009","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"te sṛṣṭā bahusāhasrā daśagrīvavadhodyatāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"aprameyabalā vīrā vikrāntāḥ kāmarūpiṇaḥ","q":null}],"tr":"Created in their many thousands, bent on the slaying of the Ten-necked one (Rāvaṇa), of immeasurable strength, heroic, valiant, able to take any form,","w":[["te","they"],["sṛṣṭā","created","sṛṣṭāḥ"],["bahusāhasrā","in many thousands","bahusāhasrāḥ",[["bahu","many"],["sāhasra","thousandfold"]]],["daśagrīvavadhodyatāḥ","bent on the slaying of the Ten-necked one","",[["daśa","ten"],["grīvā","neck"],["vadha","slaying"],["udyata","bent on, ready"]]],["aprameyabalā","of immeasurable strength","aprameyabalāḥ",[["aprameya","immeasurable"],["bala","strength"]]],["vīrā","heroic","vīrāḥ"],["vikrāntāḥ","valiant"],["kāmarūpiṇaḥ","able to take any form","",[["kāma","will, desire"],["rūpin","having form"]]]]},{"v":10,"ref":"1.016.010","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"te gajācalasaṃkāśā vapuṣmanto mahābalāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ṛkṣavānaragopucchāḥ kṣipram evābhijajñire","q":null}],"tr":"resembling elephants and mountains, of mighty frame and great strength, in the shape of bears, monkeys and langurs, were swiftly born.","w":[["te","they"],["gajācalasaṃkāśā","resembling elephants and mountains","gajācalasaṃkāśāḥ",[["gaja","elephant"],["acala","mountain"],["saṃkāśa","resembling"]]],["vapuṣmanto","of (mighty) frame","vapuṣmantaḥ",[["vapus","body, frame"],["-mat","possessing"]]],["mahābalāḥ","of great strength","",[["mahā","great"],["bala","strength"]]],["ṛkṣavānaragopucchāḥ","in the shape of bears, monkeys and langurs","",[["ṛkṣa","bear"],["vānara","monkey"],["gopuccha","langur (lit. cow-tail)"]]],["kṣipram","swiftly, quickly"],["evābhijajñire","were indeed born","eva abhijajñire"]]},{"v":11,"ref":"1.016.011","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"yasya devasya yad rūpaṃ veṣo yaś ca parākramaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ajāyata samastena tasya tasya sutaḥ pṛthak","q":null}],"tr":"Whatever form, garb and prowess belonged to each god, the son of each was born, severally, endowed with the whole of it.","w":[["yasya","of which"],["devasya","god"],["yad","which","yat"],["rūpaṃ","form"],["veṣo","garb, appearance","veṣaḥ"],["yaś","which","yaḥ"],["ca","and"],["parākramaḥ","prowess"],["ajāyata","was born"],["samastena","with the whole, entirely"],["tasya tasya","of each respective"],["sutaḥ","son"],["pṛthak","severally, each apart"]]},{"v":12,"ref":"1.016.012","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"golāṅgūlīṣu cotpannāḥ ke cit saṃmatavikramāḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"ṛkṣīṣu ca tathā jātā vānarāḥ kiṃnarīṣu ca","q":null}],"tr":"Some of esteemed prowess were born from the langur-females; and monkeys were likewise born from she-bears and from kinnara-women.","w":[["golāṅgūlīṣu","from the langur-females","",[["go","cow"],["lāṅgūla","tail"]]],["cotpannāḥ","and (were) born","ca utpannāḥ"],["ke","some","ke"],["cit","some (indef.)"],["saṃmatavikramāḥ","of esteemed prowess","",[["saṃmata","esteemed, approved"],["vikrama","prowess, valour"]]],["ṛkṣīṣu","from she-bears"],["ca","and"],["tathā","likewise"],["jātā","born","jātāḥ"],["vānarāḥ","monkeys"],["kiṃnarīṣu","from kinnara-women"],["ca","and"]]},{"v":13,"ref":"1.016.013","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"śilāpraharaṇāḥ sarve sarve pādapayodhinaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nakhadaṃṣṭrāyudhāḥ sarve sarve sarvāstrakovidāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"All had rocks for weapons, all fought with trees; all had claws and fangs for weapons, all were skilled in every weapon.","w":[["śilāpraharaṇāḥ","having rocks for weapons","",[["śilā","rock, stone"],["praharaṇa","weapon"]]],["sarve","all"],["sarve","all"],["pādapayodhinaḥ","fighting with trees","",[["pādapa","tree"],["yodhin","fighting with"]]],["nakhadaṃṣṭrāyudhāḥ","having claws and fangs for weapons","",[["nakha","claw, nail"],["daṃṣṭrā","fang, tusk"],["āyudha","weapon"]]],["sarve","all"],["sarve","all"],["sarvāstrakovidāḥ","skilled in every weapon","",[["sarva","all"],["astra","weapon"],["kovida","skilled"]]]]},{"v":14,"ref":"1.016.014","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"vicālayeyuḥ śailendrān bhedayeyuḥ sthirān drumān","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"kṣobhayeyuś ca vegena samudraṃ saritāṃ patim","q":null}],"tr":"They could shake the lordly mountains, split firm trees, and by their force churn up the ocean, lord of rivers.","w":[["vicālayeyuḥ","they could shake"],["śailendrān","the lordly mountains","",[["śaila","mountain"],["indra","lord, chief"]]],["bhedayeyuḥ","they could split"],["sthirān","firm"],["drumān","trees"],["kṣobhayeyuś","they could churn up, agitate","kṣobhayeyuḥ"],["ca","and"],["vegena","by force, swiftly"],["samudraṃ","the ocean"],["saritāṃ","of the rivers"],["patim","lord"]]},{"v":15,"ref":"1.016.015","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"dārayeyuḥ kṣitiṃ padbhyām āplaveyur mahārṇavam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nabhastalaṃ viśeyuś ca gṛhṇīyur api toyadān","q":null}],"tr":"They could tear the earth with their feet, leap across the great ocean, enter the vault of the sky, and even seize the clouds.","w":[["dārayeyuḥ","they could tear, rend"],["kṣitiṃ","the earth"],["padbhyām","with the feet"],["āplaveyur","they could leap across","āplaveyuḥ"],["mahārṇavam","the great ocean","",[["mahā","great"],["arṇava","ocean"]]],["nabhastalaṃ","the vault of the sky","",[["nabhas","sky"],["tala","surface, expanse"]]],["viśeyuś","they could enter","viśeyuḥ"],["ca","and"],["gṛhṇīyur","they could seize","gṛhṇīyuḥ"],["api","even"],["toyadān","the clouds","",[["toya","water"],["da","giving"]]]]},{"v":16,"ref":"1.016.016","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"gṛhṇīyur api mātaṅgān mattān pravrajato vane","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"nardamānāṃś ca nādena pātayeyur vihaṃgamān","q":null}],"tr":"They could seize even rutting elephants wandering in the forest, and with a roar could bring down the birds crying overhead.","w":[["gṛhṇīyur","they could seize","gṛhṇīyuḥ"],["api","even"],["mātaṅgān","elephants"],["mattān","rutting, in rut"],["pravrajato","wandering, roaming","pravrajataḥ"],["vane","in the forest"],["nardamānāṃś","(the birds) crying, screeching","nardamānān"],["ca","and"],["nādena","with a roar"],["pātayeyur","they could bring down, fell","pātayeyuḥ"],["vihaṃgamān","the birds","",[["vihaṃ","in the sky"],["gama","going"]]]]},{"v":17,"ref":"1.016.017","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"īdṛśānāṃ prasūtāni harīṇāṃ kāmarūpimām","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"śataṃ śatasahasrāṇi yūthapānāṃ mahātmanām","q":null},{"p":"e","t":"babhūvur yūthapaśreṣṭhā vīrāṃś cājanayan harīn","q":null}],"tr":"Of such great-souled troop-leaders among monkeys, able to change form at will, there were born a hundred hundred-thousands; and the best of the troop-leaders in turn begot heroic monkeys.","w":[["īdṛśānāṃ","of such"],["prasūtāni","born, brought forth"],["harīṇāṃ","of the monkeys"],["kāmarūpimām","able to take any form at will","kāmarūpiṇām",[["kāma","will, desire"],["rūpin","having form"]]],["śataṃ","a hundred"],["śatasahasrāṇi","hundred-thousands","",[["śata","hundred"],["sahasra","thousand"]]],["yūthapānāṃ","of the troop-leaders","",[["yūtha","troop, herd"],["pa","leader, protector"]]],["mahātmanām","great-souled","",[["mahā","great"],["ātman","soul"]]],["babhūvur","there were, came to be","babhūvuḥ"],["yūthapaśreṣṭhā","the best of troop-leaders","yūthapaśreṣṭhāḥ",[["yūtha","troop"],["pa","leader"],["śreṣṭha","best"]]],["vīrāṃś","heroic","vīrān"],["cājanayan","and begot","ca ajanayan"],["harīn","monkeys"]]},{"v":18,"ref":"1.016.018","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"anye ṛkṣavataḥ prasthān upatasthuḥ sahasraśaḥ","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"anye nānāvidhāñ śailān kānanāni ca bhejire","q":null}],"tr":"Some in their thousands took station on the tablelands of Mount Ṛkṣavat; others resorted to mountains of various kinds and to the forests.","w":[["anye","some, others"],["ṛkṣavataḥ","of Ṛkṣavat (mountain)"],["prasthān","the tablelands, plateaus"],["upatasthuḥ","attended, took station at"],["sahasraśaḥ","in thousands"],["anye","others"],["nānāvidhāñ","of various kinds","nānāvidhān",[["nānā","various"],["vidha","kind"]]],["śailān","mountains"],["kānanāni","forests"],["ca","and"],["bhejire","resorted to, took to"]]},{"v":19,"ref":"1.016.019","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"sūryaputraṃ ca sugrīvaṃ śakraputraṃ ca vālinam","q":null},{"p":"c","t":"bhrātarāv upatasthus te sarva eva harīśvarāḥ","q":null}],"tr":"And all those lords of monkeys attended upon the two brothers — Sugrīva, son of the Sun, and Vālin, son of Śakra (Indra).","w":[["sūryaputraṃ","the son of the Sun","",[["sūrya","the Sun"],["putra","son"]]],["ca","and"],["sugrīvaṃ","Sugrīva"],["śakraputraṃ","the son of Śakra (Indra)","",[["śakra","Śakra, Indra"],["putra","son"]]],["ca","and"],["vālinam","Vālin"],["bhrātarāv","the two brothers","bhrātarau"],["upatasthus","attended upon","upatasthuḥ"],["te","they"],["sarva","all","sarve"],["eva","indeed"],["harīśvarāḥ","lords of monkeys","",[["hari","monkey"],["īśvara","lord"]]]]},{"v":20,"ref":"1.016.020","lines":[{"p":"a","t":"tair meghavṛndācalatulyakāyair mahābalair vānarayūthapālaiḥ","q":["tair meghavṛndācalatulyakāyair","mahābalair vānarayūthapālaiḥ"]},{"p":"c","t":"babhūva bhūr bhīmaśarīrarūpaiḥ samāvṛtā rāmasahāyahetoḥ","q":["babhūva bhūr bhīmaśarīrarūpaiḥ","samāvṛtā rāmasahāyahetoḥ"]}],"tr":"By these mighty leaders of monkey-troops, of dreadful bodily shape, their bodies like masses of cloud and like mountains, the earth was covered, for the sake of aiding Rāma.","w":[["tair","by these","taiḥ"],["meghavṛndācalatulyakāyair","whose bodies were like cloud-masses and mountains","meghavṛndācalatulyakāyaiḥ",[["megha","cloud"],["vṛnda","mass, multitude"],["acala","mountain"],["tulya","like, equal"],["kāya","body"]]],["mahābalair","mighty","mahābalaiḥ",[["mahā","great"],["bala","strength"]]],["vānarayūthapālaiḥ","by the leaders of monkey-troops","",[["vānara","monkey"],["yūtha","troop"],["pāla","leader, guardian"]]],["babhūva","became, was"],["bhūr","the earth","bhūḥ"],["bhīmaśarīrarūpaiḥ","of dreadful bodily shape","",[["bhīma","dreadful, fearsome"],["śarīra","body"],["rūpa","form, shape"]]],["samāvṛtā","covered, filled"],["rāmasahāyahetoḥ","for the sake of aiding Rāma","",[["rāma","Rāma"],["sahāya","help, aid"],["hetu","cause, sake"]]]]}]}